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Pilot validation of special scale Schizophrenia Proneness in czech version of MMPI-2 for detection of the psychotic spectrum disorders
Slezáková, Klára ; Michalec, Jiří (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
This Master's thesis is a pilot validation study of the Schizophrenia Proneness scale (SzP; Bolinskey et al., 2001), a special scale that was additionally derived from MMPI-2 items to predict an increased tendency to develop schizophrenia and schizophrenia-related illnesses in the future. Despite the previous promising results, further validation of the scale's properties is needed, including validation in a sample of patients who are already in the acute phase of their illness (Nichols & Crowhurst, 2006). The aim of this thesis is to describe the scale and pilot validate it in a sample of just these patients. The literature review section is divided into three chapters describing: schizophrenia and the possibilities of predicting schizophrenia and psychosis; the MMPI-2 psychodiagnostic method and the specifics of its use in an inpatient psychiatric ward; and the SzP scale, its development and properties. The aim of the research is to pilot test the validity of the SzP scale in the Czech environment by comparing the results of patients with psychotic versus non-psychotic type of difficulties. The research sample consisted of 312 patients. The Student's t-test for independent samples found no statistically significant difference between the groups of patients. On this basis, it was not proceeded to...
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Adipose etrogenisation and other anthropological aspects of obesity
Novák, Jan ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee) ; Bendlová, Běla (referee)
This work presents an anthropological view of obesity. It introduces the concept of adipose estrogenization and describes its relationship to pelvic morphology. Further, secular changes in the prevalence of latent obesity, the consequences, and the etiology of this condition are described. The work also validates tools for assessing chronotype, subsequently associating these metrics with sociodemographic factors, including obesity. The key part of this project present study focused on changes in the morphology of the bony pelvis in the context of pubertal history of obesity. It is a longitudinal study (n = 238) with an anthropometric examination after 8 years and an estimation of sex hormones. The main observation was that adult men with a history of obesity had more gynoid (relatively wider) pelvic bone morphology and altered levels of sex hormones, i.e., reduced testosterone levels and an increased relative proportion of estradiol to testosterone, i.e., estrogenization. This was manifested with habitual pelvic feminization, which serves as a marker of estrogenization and a retrospective marker of obesity. In the context of this study, a Letter to the Editor is added as a correction to the publication, interpreting these findings as a possible explanation for the shorter second stage of labor in...
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Comparison of currently used cognitive screening tests in different types of neurodegenerative diseases
Janoušková, Nikola ; Jarolímová, Eva (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis aims to compare the commonly used cognitive screening tests such as Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Picture Naming and Immediate Recall Test (PICNIC) in a clinical population. Previous studies often focused on specific populations (e.g., patients with Alzheimer's disease), but this sample includes a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases as well as individuals without noticeable cognitive deficit. Therefore, we were interested in examining the performance of these screening tests in this heterogeneous population. The theoretical part extensively describes mild cognitive impairment, various neurodegenerative diseases, and the employed tests. In the empirical part, the collected data from patients (N = 35) at a coeducational geropsychiatric department of the Psychiatric Hospital in Dobřany are presented. These data were subjected to statistical analyses to assess the normality of the sample distribution, relationships with demographic indicators, and correlations between the tests. Even in the utilized specific diverse sample, statistically significant correlations were found between the individual tests. Key words: neurodegeneration, screening tests, Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Picture Naming and...
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Frequency of pareidolias as sensory illusions in REM sleep behavior disorder
Radostová, Tereza ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee)
This thesis focuses on pareidolias as sensory illusions in patients with an idiopathic form of REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). The literature review presents iRBD as a prodromal stage of neurodegenerative diseases from the range of alpha-synucleinopathies. Then, the phenomenon of pareidolia as a potentially clinically useful measure of progressive neurodegeneration in iRBD is explored. The empirical part of this thesis aims to test the discriminative potential of the Noise Pareidolia Test (TŠP) in a Czech population of iRBD patients (n = 17) and cognitively healthy volunteers (n = 54). Another aim was to map the neuropsychological context of pareidolia occurrence in both groups and finally to compare the frequency of pareidolia responses in iRBD patients with mild cognitive impairment (iRBD- MCI) versus iRBD without cognitive impairment (iRBD-NC). Subjects were assessed with the TŠP and other neuropsychological tests. Results of the analyses showed that TŠP demonstrated poor intergroup discrimination ability. A significant association was found between a measure of global cognitive function and the ability to correctly recognize faces in the TŠP in iRBD patients. Patients with iRBD-MCI showed a higher number of pareidolia responses compared to iRBD-NC. These findings provide a valuable...
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Diagnostic methods of pre-competitive mental states of athletes in aesthetic-coordination sports
Mrázová, Tereza ; Macháček, Martin (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis is devoted to the topic of pre-competitive states in sport and the possibilities of their diagnosis and use for practice in aesthetic-coordination sports. The aim of the thesis is to introduce the tools for diagnosis of mental states of athletes before competition. There are many types of these diagnostic tools, and the thesis presents a range of them, from methods developed specifically for the sporting environment, to biochemical and physiological methods, to methods that are not sport-specific and are used in routine diagnostics outside of sport as well as in sport. The bachelor thesis also introduces the psychological pre-competitive states that are the target of measurement of the described diagnostic methods. These topics are specifically discussed with regard to their action in aesthetic-coordination sports. The thesis focuses on the practical application of diagnosis in sport and working with pre-competition states specifically for the specific needs of aesthetic-coordination sports. The empirical part of the thesis is a research design that reflects these specific needs and focuses on perfectionism, which is one of the important topics in aesthetic-coordination sports, and its influence on precompetition mental states. This part of the thesis applies the methods...
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Achievement motivation and burnout syndrome in elite athletes
Matějčková, Barbora ; Mudrák, Jiří (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis focuses on performance motivation and its connection to burnout syndrome among top athletes. We described the performance motivation in terms of 3 theories from which the goal of the work subsequently resulted. The aim of the work was to find out what is the relationship between the expressions of Burnout syndrome and motivation among top athletes. The data collection was conducted using a questionnaire survey including Sport motivation Scale (SMS), Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) and Dweck Mindset Instrument (DMI). The research set consisted of 115 elite athletes (73 women and 42 men), with an age average of 22.4 years. Subsequently, the data were statistically evaluated and analyzed by Pearson correlation and regression analysis in the SPSS - 23 program. In the research part, 5 hypotheses were examined in turn. The Pearson correlation results showed statistically significant associations between intrinsic motivation (Intrinsic), task/competition orientation (Task) and ego (Ego) and Burnout syndrome. In addition, 3 predictors of Burnout syndrome were found, namely: Type of sport and kinds of motivation Intrinsic and Integrated. From practical perspective, the results may contribute to better understanding of Burnout syndrome and the...
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A Validation study of the Cognitive Assessment System 2 among adolescents with ADHD aged 15-18
Kavková, Adriana ; Urban, Kamila (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to test the utility of the Cognitive Assessment System 2 (CAS2) in a group of adolescents with ADHD. The CAS2 battery is a test of cognitive abilities based on the PASS theory (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous and Successive Processes). Previous foreign studies have indicated lower performance in children with ADHD on the Planning and Attention scales, but average performance on the Simultaneous and Successive Processes. The empirical part of this paper focuses on the Czech population of adolescents with ADHD, an age group that has been neglected in research to this date. Adolescents who met the criteria for ADHD (N = 30) were assessed using the CAS2 and their scores were subsequently compared to the norm, i.e., the Czech standardization sample. Results showed significantly lower scores on the Planning and Attention scales, but average scores on the Simultaneous and Successive Processes in clinical group. Subsequently, the cognitive profiles of probands from the clinical group were analyzed. It was found that there was a significant difference between the PASS scales in the clinical group; significantly lower scores on the Attention scale compared to the others. These findings are consistent with previously published research suggesting the CAS2 is sensitivive in...
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Neural correlates of self: the lower- and higher-order self-referential processing
Mikriukov, Igor ; Zaytseva, Yulia (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the neural correlates of the human self. Specifically, it focuses on two types of neural processes that give rise to the self, namely on the lower- and higher- order self-referential processing (LO-SRP and HO-SRP). First, the thesis discusses selected classic and modern theories of the self, as well as selected phenomena and processes related to the self. The investigated processes are subsequently characterized in relation to these theoretical models and concepts. Next, the thesis presents a systematic overview of neuroimaging studies of the self to date and identifies brain areas that are potentially involved in LO-SRP and HO-SRP. In addition, the thesis describes neurocognitive models of the self, that try to explain various processes involved in the neural system of the self. The practical part of the work presents a research project that deals with the neural correlates of self-voice processing (LO-SRP) and processing of information about one's own person (HO-SRP) in healthy individuals. The study examines these processes in the auditory and mental domains. The results of the study provide evidence of the involvement of the default mode network and mirror neuron system in SRP. The study also identifies brain regions involved in LO-SRP and HO-SRP and some...
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Validization of emotional visually analog screening in epilepsy patients
Muroňová, Eliška ; Javůrková, Alena (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis deals with epilepsy, its two most common psychiatric comorbidities, and the possibilities of screening and diagnosis of these comorbidities. The literature review section introduces the reader to epilepsy, the classification of depressive and generalized anxiety disorders, their relationship to epilepsy, and currently used methods for screening these mental illnesses. The last chapter introduces the reader to the Emotional Thermometer Method, its origins and development, and the work published to date on the use of this method in people with epilepsy. The research part aims to validate the criterion validity of the Emotional Thermometer for depression and anxiety screening and its comparison with conventional methods BDI-II and GAD-7, using as a reference method the sub-modules of M.I.N.I., the gold standard based on the diagnostic criteria of DSM IV and MKN-10. Another aim is to identify potential risk factors for anti-seizure medication use and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in epilepsy. The study includes a total of 222 individuals with epilepsy. The results based on ROC curve analysis indicate good results in terms of concurrent validity of the Emotional Thermometer and the suitability of its use for screening depression and anxiety in people with epilepsy as part of...
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Sleep Quality After Experiencing a Traumatic Event in the Context of Pandemic and Pharmacotherapy Treatment Options
Veletová, Johana ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor's thesis examines the potential impact of experiencing a traumatic event on mental health, focusing on the effects on sleep quality in the context of a pandemic. In the theoretical part, space is devoted to defining trauma, the traumatic event and associated post-traumatic stress disorder, with an emphasis on sleep-related symptomatology and changes in sleep quality. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the circumstances of the pandemic and its potential traumatic impact. The thesis also presents possible pharmacotherapeutic options related to PTSD symptomatology. The research design is aimed at testing the efficacy of prazosin on sleep quality in a population of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. Thus, this clinical trial could be beneficial in the treatment of acute sleep disorders in this population.
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