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New biomarkers for prognostication after cardiac arrest
Vondráková, Dagmar ; Málek, Filip (advisor) ; Vízek, Martin (referee) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee)
Cardiac arrest is an extremely serious condition characterized by global ischemia followed by reperfusion after successful resuscitation and restoration of spontaneous circulation. Despite all advances in current medicine, the prognosis of cardiac arrest survivors remains very poor. One of the major problems in these patients is, therefore, the early and reliable determination of the prognosis that is necessary for choosing the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach. However, the current possibilities for early prognostication in cardiac arrest survivors remain very limited. The aims of our work were: (i) to study the possibilities of influencing oxidative stress as one of the key pathogenic factors involved in the development of so-called post-cardiac arrest syndrome; and (ii) to determine the prognostic value of copeptin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and markers of oxidative stress in cardiac arrest survivors. In the experimental part of the work we used porcine model of cardiac arrest for the comparison of the effects of hypothermia, ischemic postconditioning (IPC) and administration of nitric oxide (NO) on oxidative stress burden and organ damage; we found that neither NO nor IPC did have a superior protective effect over hypothermia. In the clinical part we have in several...
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The Principle of Sufficient Reason in Kant and Meillassoux: On the Reason and Unreason of Post-metaphysical Thought
Sistiaga, Sergey ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Sepp, Hans Rainer (referee) ; Theis, Robert (referee)
The Principle of Sufficient Reason in Kant and Meillassoux: On the Reason and Unreason of Post-metaphysical Thought. The aim of this thesis is to probe the alleged grounds of post-metaphysical thought in order to unearth its foundations. This genetic-systematic inquiry thus not only aims to scrutinize possible interpretations of the judgment the tribunal of reason is said to have passed on itself qua reason, but, more importantly, to revise the very judgment itself and to question the legitimacy of the tribunal. Apart from the fact that self-administered justice rarely results in convictions, the process seems ill-conceived from the start. The thesis sets in with an analysis of Quentin Meillassoux's recent invigorating and highly original re- discovery of post-metaphysical thought's unreason and a close reading of Kant's relevant pre- critical and critical works: while judgment was indeed passed in the name of "pure reason", it was not passed on reason itself but merely on its "logical" use. Only reason's usus logicus, not its usus realis were indicted by reason. In other words, the judgment has been misunderstood. The reason for this misunderstanding is located in Kant's philosophical presuppositions, which thus emerge as the very unreason of post-metaphysical thought. Since such unreason cannot...
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Biogeography and phenotypic plasticity in silica-scaled chrysophytes (Synurophyceae)
Škaloudová, Magda ; Němcová, Yvonne (advisor) ; Komárková, Jaroslava (referee) ; Kamenik, Christian (referee)
CONLUSIONS Results of the Papers 1 and 2 summarizing Mallomonas distribution rather support the"moderate endemicity model" of Foissner. The most of Mallomonas species were cosmopolitan or widely distributed, but we also found several species with geographically restricted occurrence contradicting the "ubiquity model". Besides two Asian endemics there are three Mallomonas species (M. multiunca, M. oviformis, and M. punctifera var. punctifera) not conforming to ubiquity model due to their highly nonrandom distribution in subtropic to subarctic zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Several others examples of Mallomonas species with restricted distribution are given in literature. Mallomonas kalinae was isolated and described from a peaty pool in North Bohemia (Paper 3). This strain together with the Synura curtispina strain was used for investigation of scale and bristle plasticity under different temperatures (Paper 4). Changes in morphology of silicate structures in relation to temperature were significant, although the large part of variability was caused by different position on the cell. Bristles become significantly shorter with increasing temperature. An inverse relationship between size of scales and temperature corresponding to the temperature-size rule was found. The main scale characters were stable...
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Advanced Methods for 3D Video Capturing and Evaluation
Kaller, Ondřej ; Klíma, Miloš (referee) ; Masopust, Jiří (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Tomáš (advisor)
Disertační práce se zabývá metodami snímání a hodnocení kvality 3D obrazů a videí. Po krátkém shrnutí fyziologie prostorového vnímání, obsahuje práce stav poznání v oblastech problému adaptivní paralaxy a konfigurace kamer pro snímání klasického stereopáru. Taktéž shrnuje dnešní možnosti odhadu hloubkové mapy. Zmíněny jsou aktivní i pasivní metody, detailněji je vysvětleno profilometrické skenování. Byly změřeny některé technické parametry dvou technologií současných 3D zobrazovačů, a to polarizačně-oddělujících a využívajících časový multiplex, například přeslechy mezi levým a pravým snímkem. Jádro práce tvoří nová metoda pro vytváření hloubkové mapy při snímání 3D scény, kterážto byla autorem navržena a testována. Inovativnost tohoto přístupu spočívá v chytré kombinaci současných aktivních a pasivních metod snímání hloubky scény, která vtipně využívá výhod obou metod. Nakonec jsou prezentovány výsledky subjektivních testů kvality 3D videa. Největší přínos zde má navržená metrika modelující výsledky subjektivních testů kvality 3D videa.
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Novel Methods of Sensorless Control of Drives with PMSM Motor
Lepka, Jaroslav ; Klíma, Bohumil (referee) ; Lettl,, Jiří (referee) ; Václavek, Pavel (advisor)
Purpose of this dissertation is to explore control techniques of PMSM motors and the design of a complex solution of sensorless control across a wide range of speed and torque. The proposed solution supports industrial implementation of different types of end equipment which use a PMSM motor. The work covers a thorough analysis of position and speed estimation. The Control structure is based on field oriented control technique, processes estimated quantities, and optimizes motor conditions to achieve maximum efficiency, start-up torque, and speed. The work discusses how the solution complies with the latest IEC standards. Compliance with these standards requires adapting the sensorless control technique and field oriented control structure. The elimination of a rotor position sensor and a temperature sensor measuring winding temperature requires development of techniques in software for blocked rotor detection and overload detection. The proposed solutions, which have been granted US patents, are explained in this work and utilize the unique features of an NXP microcontroller optimized for motor control applications. The achieved results are demonstrated on real industrial applications.
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Hybrid Blends of Recycled Plastics
Černý, Miroslav ; Lehocký, Marián (referee) ; Balgová,, Vendula (referee) ; Jančář, Josef (advisor)
Work describes the relationship between structure and mechanical properties in case of hybrid mixtures. They are composed from polyurethane matrices (eventually polyurethane-urea or polyurethane-inorganic filler mixtures), different rubber fractions as filler and eventually reinforcement made from PET monofilaments. Mechanical behaviour was studied by tensile testing. Studied mechanical properties include tensile modulus, ultimate strength and strain and also specific energy need neccessary for ultimate strength achievement. Prepared materials are naturally porous. Therefore their mechanical behaviour has to be described generally for porous composites. The porosity occurence means, that it is difficult to describe them by models valid for mechanical behaviour (mainly elastic modulus) of nonporous composites. Models are also based on idealized structures on microscopic level. In case of porous composites, it is very difficult to create any idealized structure. The structure is changed with modifications of composition (change of components or their rates). These conditions have lead to utilizing of different approach how to describe the relationship between structure and mentioned mechanical properties. The chosen approach comes from knewledge about structural parametres coming from porosity. Structural parameters describe the structure on macroscopic level. They include interspace volume (volume lying between filler particles), interspace filling (how the matrix fills the interspace volume) and matrix volume fraction. Proposed parameters are used in relations, where they are fitted by exponents to interlay values of chosen mechanical properties for composites containing discrete matrix and filler. Found exponents are then described by properties of matrices to obtain relations describing properties of filled porous materials. Very similar approach was chosen for description in the case of reinforced composites. Proposed relation are potentially valid for materials containing binding matrix, infinity count of fillers and one kind of reinforcement.
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Removing of Gaseous Pollutants from the Air Masses on the Pilot-Plant Scrubber
Kalivoda, Josef ; Šulc,, Radek (referee) ; Moucha, Tomáš (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
The PHD thesis is focused on the absorption with chemical reaction on the pilot plant gas/liquid scrubber. The performance characterization of the apparatus is based on the absorption of carbon dioxide in to the 1\% sodium hydroxide sollution and includes pressure drops, liquid holdup, gas/liquid contact time and the capture effectiveness as well. The experimantal part of the thesis includes a complex of mathematical equations based on the Film theory. The complex of the mathematical equations allowed a calculation of the overall mass transfer coefficient for the type of the gas scrubber at the given experimental conditions.
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Biophysical interpretation of quantitative phase image
Štrbková, Lenka ; Kozubek,, Michal (referee) ; Hoppe, Andreas (referee) ; Chmelík, Radim (advisor)
Práce se zabývá interpretací kvantitativního fázového zobrazení pomocí techniky koherencí řízené holografické mikroskopie. Vzhledem k tomu, že tato technika generuje velké množství kvantitativních fázových obrazů o nezanedbatelné velikosti, manuální analýza by byla časově náročná a neefektivní Za účelem urychlení analýzy obrazů získaných pomocí koherencí řízené holografické mikroskopie je v této práci navržena metodika automatizované interpretace kvantitativních fázových obrazů pomocí strojového učení s učitelem. Kvantitativní fázové obrazy umožňují extrakci parametrů charakterizujících distribuci suché hmoty v buňce a poskytují tak cennou informaci o buněčném chování. Cílem této práce je navrhnout metodologii pro automatizovanou klasifikaci buněk při využití této kvantitativní informace jak ze statických, tak z časosběrných kvantitativních fázových obrazů. Navržená metodika byla testována v experimentech s živými buňkami, jimiž byla vyhodnocena výkonnost klasifikace a významnost parametrů získaných z kvantitativních fázových obrazů.
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Design of Electrical Machine 6 kW, 120 000 rpm for Helium Turbo-Circulator
Bárta, Jan ; Rafajdus,, Pavol (referee) ; Dušek,, Jiří (referee) ; Ondrůšek, Čestmír (advisor)
The induction machine with a squirrel cage is a workhorse of the industry. The main advantage of an induction machine is the low manufacturing price, simple and robust construction, low maintenance requirements. However, for high-speed applications, induction machine with a squirrel cage requires design modification due to the mechanical restrictions. The objective of this thesis is to show design process, methodology and assembly of the induction machine for high-speed applications. In this thesis, the rotor dimensioning data are presented. The results are demonstrated on the design of the 6 kW, 120 000 rpm solid rotor squirrel cage induction machine. This thesis also contains calculation and design of three different electrical machine topologies for a turbo circulator application. The electrical machines are designed with 6 kW output power at 120 000 rpm. The machines are estimated by using electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical calculations. The drawbacks and advantages of each topology under study are described. For other high-speed applications, a comparative method helps in choosing the suitable electrical machine topology by examinations of discussed criteria. Rotor design effect on the electromagnetic performance of the induction machine is shown. Mechanical stresses are calculated with Finite Element Method analysis. Various assembly technologies to produce solid rotor with squirrel cage are discuss and compare. Describe approach enables high electromagnetic performance and durable construction of the high-speed induction machine. Work is confirmed by measurement on the manufactured prototype.
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