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Application of Selected Methods for Oxidative Stress Analysis
Lízalová, Martina ; Tremlová, Bohuslava (referee) ; Beklová, Miroslava (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Lojek, Antonín (advisor)
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a heterogeneous disease defined as chronic inflammatory changes of the pancreatic tissue caused by variety of aetiologies. Oxidative stress accompanying the inflammatory processes has been suggested as an important factor contributing to CP development. The aim of this study was to determine levels of lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), together with nitrites, the total antioxidant capacity, cytokines, biochemical and haematological parameters in the plasma of patients with CP and control subjects. Levels of MDA and 4-HNE were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total antioxidant capacity of plasma against peroxyl radicals was evaluated using chemiluminescence determination. Nitrites were determined using Griess reaction. Cytokines - TNF-alfa; TNF RI; PDGF-AB; TGF-beta, together with myeloperoxidase and hyaluronan were determined using ELISA Kits. Biochemical and haematological parameters were measured by standard methods.
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Characterization of minor fruit varieties in terms of use in the food industry
Jurečková, Zuzana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Golian, Jozef (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The thesis deals with one group of small fruits, the genus Ribes, ie currants, and gooseberries. It assesses their physical and chemical parameters with respect to the possibility of use in these properties for the design of a new type of product – beverages. Titration, spectrometric and other methods were used for the evaluation of these properties. A total of fifteen of these methods were available (total juice yield, juice pH, total dry matter, soluble fruit dry matter, titratable acidity, formolic number, reducing carbohydrate content, D-glucose, D-fructose and sucrose content, total polyphenolic substance content, anthocyanins, vitamin C and total antioxidant capacity) and a total of nine analytes (copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, potassium, calcium and sodium) were selected for the determination of mineral elements. For two years (harvest 2014 and 2015), these parameters were monitored for color variants of currants (white, red and black) and gooseberries (green-fruited, yellow-fruited and red-fruited). A total of six white varieties were tested in the group of currants - Olin, Jantar, Primus, Blanka, Viktoria and Orion, eleven varieties of red currants - Junnifer, Jesan, Detvan, Rovada, Rubigo, J.V.Tets, Tatran, Losan, Kozolupský raný, Stanca, NŠLS 11/6 and eleven varieties of black currant varieties - Ometa, Démon, Triton, Ben Hope, Ruben, Ben Gairm, Ben Lomond, Moravia, Ben Conan, Fokus and Ceres. A total of five varieties of green-fruited gooseberries were tested - Zebín, Mucurines, Rixanta, Rodnik and Prima. Yellow-fruited gooseberries were available in four varieties - Lemon Giant, Invicta, Golden Fig and Darek. The red-fruited gooseberries included varieties - Rolonda, Alan, Karat, Karmen, Krasnoslawjanskij, Himnomacki Rot, Remarka, Tamara and Black Neguš. Using Tukey's test, an analysis was performed and by scoring individual varieties based on the results of individual analyzes, a list of recommended varieties was compiled for further work on the development of a new beverage. Unfortunately, in 2015 there were very few fruits of green-fruited and yellow-fruited gooseberries, so it was decided that the volume of fruit will fall on the testing of bioactive substances. Therefore, at the end of the work, it is not possible to objectively evaluate these varieties of gooseberries in the whole range of analyzes. Therefore, the point evaluation of varieties was based on the averages of individual varieties. The red-fruited varieties were available in full, and therefore a full evaluation could take place. The most significant differences between red gooseberry varieties were in the content of bioactive substances (the content of polyphenolic substances, anthocyanin dyes, and vitamin C) and antioxidant capacity. These results were provided to the food subject, which continued to work with these values. Based on this project, utility model No. PUV 2016-33171 and the resulting combined drink based on wine and fruit juice were developed.
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Comparison of some new currant varieties based on the content of selected biologically active compounds
Marková, Leona ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with currant (Ribes L.) and substances which currants contain especially anthocyanin pigments, vitamin C and antioxidants. In theoretical part is described basic characteristic about plant, including varieties of currants. The following chapters include a list of active substances which the fruit contains and also the list of some possibilities of processing and utilization of currant especially in the food industry. Big attention is given to anthocyanins, their characteristics, utilization in the food industry, factors that affect their stability and especially methods of determination. In conclusion, the theoretical part describes importance and methods of determination of vitamin C and antioxidant capacity. Selected nutritional parameters were determined in fifteen known and in three unknown varieties of currants. Anthocyanins were measured spectrophotometrically and determined by HPLC in color samples. By pH differential method was evaluated a content of monomeric and polymeric pigments. By HPLC method were identified individual anthocyanin pigments contained in fruits. Also, content of ascorbic acid was determined by HPLC in all varieties. Antioxidant capacity of white currants measured by DPPH was compared.
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Analysis of active substances in honey
Jelénková, Zuzana ; Kubešová,, Jitka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis was focused on biologically active compounds determination. 26 samples of honey, one sample of propolis and one sample of royal jelly were analyzed. Honey were harvested in year 2006 and 2007 and bought in retail chain, special shops and directly from bee-keeper. Samples were analyzed by titration, spectrofotometry, LC/MS and RP-HPLC methods. The study was focused on analysis of antioxidants. Followed groups of antioxidants were determined: flavonoids, catechins, carotenoids, vitamins E, C, A. Authenticity of quality was determined by hydroxymethylfurfural analysis. Average values of total antioxidant capacity ranged (12.75-137.49) mmol .100 g-1. Average values of total phenolic ranged (8.51-61.34) mg .100 g-1 and average values of total flavonoids ranged (0.75-6.04) mg .100 g-1. Honey samples contained (41.83-585.10) g .100 g-1 of rutin, (9.30-313.40) g .100 g-1 of myricetin, (6.5-171.90) g .100 g-1 of luteolin, (3.19-436.37) g .100 g-1 of quercetin, (2.10-242.66) g .100 g-1 of apigenin, (0.15-105.12) g .100 g-1 of caempferol and (0.07-17.52) mg .100 g-1 of naringenin. From group of catechins there were measured (5.98-310) g .100 g-1 of catechin, (17.77-486.29) g .100 g-1 of epicatechin, (0.18-64.90) g .100 g-1 of catechin gallate and (0.59-140.56) g .100 g-1 of epicatechin gallate. From lipophilic compounds the most abundant in honey samples was tocopherol, its value ranged (29.20-8531.17) g .100 g-1. Content of ascorbic acid ranged (0.65-4.65) mg .100 g-1. Content of hydroxymethyl.furfural. ranged (0.26-4.06) mg .100 g-1. By LC/MS method luteolin, naringenin, protocatechin acid, coffee acid and p-cumaric acid in honeydew were detected and, furthermore, kyanidin and pinocembrin in floral honey were found. Mono-floral honey contained biologically active compounds the most, imperceptibly less contained multi-floral honey and honeydew honey. Acacia honey contained the lowest amount of biologically active compounds.
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Effect of fungicides and biological control agens on glutathione metabolism.
Vašková, Marie ; Hýsková, Veronika (advisor) ; Jaklová Dytrtová, Jana (referee)
Triazole fungicides are widely used in agriculture to treat a large number of crops. When they accumulate in soil, plants or water sources, they can also affect non-target organisms, in which they can have a negative effect on the endocrine system or re- production. Much less is known about the effect of triazoles on plants, specifically their antioxidant and detoxification systems. In this work, the effect of penconazole (P), tebuconazole (T) or their combination (PT) on tomato plants Solanum lycopersicum, cv. Cherrola was studied. In contrast to the conventional method of fungicide application by foliar spraying, the effect of soil drench containing P, T or PT was also studied. Soil drenching of fungicides had a worse impact on glutathione metabolism: on the thirty-fifth day after weekly fun- gicide application, the content of reduced thiols and glutathione peroxidase activity were reduced in roots, and the key conjugation enzyme of phase II biotransformation, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), was reduced in leaves by 43 to 20 % (depending on the fungicide) compared with untreated plants. In contrast, the content of reduced thiols and glutathione peroxidase activity were increased in leaves. In the case of spraying with both fungicides (PT), although at the same concentration as P and T alone, a...
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Antioxidant system of tomato plants exposed to triazole fungicides
Žufić, Antoniana ; Hýsková, Veronika (advisor) ; Jaklová Dytrtová, Jana (referee)
Fungal pathogens cause severe crop losses worldwide. Recently, however, chemical fungicides have become dangerous environmental contaminants affecting non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of triazole fungicides in the form of penconazole (P), tebuconazole (T) or their combination (PT) on tomato plants Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Cherrola. No significant change in the activity of a key enzyme of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, ascorbate peroxidase and activity of cytosolic peroxides, was detected in leaves, roots or fruits at the intervals studied, i.e. after two and five weekly treatments of P, T or PT, either as a foliar or a soil application. While slightly increased guaiacol peroxidase activity was found in roots due to T spraying and PT combination, the activity of this enzyme was reduced in leaves similar to catalase. The greatest changes in leaf antioxidant capacity correlated with increased phenolic and flavonoid content were observed after five treatments of penconazole (P) as a soil application both P alone and in combination as PT. The studied triazoles significantly affected the abundance of isoforms of superoxide dismutase and partially total peroxides in leaves, roots and fruits and of acorbate peroxidase in leaves. The highest content of HSP70 was found in...
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Antioxidant properties of tobacco plants grown in vitro with different nitrogen sources
Vlčková, Denisa ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Božena (referee)
The established concept of plant nutrition with NO3 − and NH4 + ions, as the only absorbable forms of nitrogen, has been expanded in recent years to find that some plants are also able to use amino acids and peptides as a nitrogen source. In this work, the content of proteins, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, antioxidant capacity and activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaf extracts of six groups of tobacco plants grown in vitro were observed. The nutrition of these plants varied in the form and concentration of nitrogenous compounds. The experimental groups included: control plants grown on complete Murashige-Skoog agar rich in NH4 + and NO3 − ions (MS), plants grown in the presence of NO3 − ions, with reduced nitrogen concentration compared to MS (AD), plants grown in the presence of casein hydrolysate as the sole nitrogen source (H), plants grown in presence of both NO3 − ions and casein hydrolysate (AD+H) and AD and H plants grown in the presence of polyethylene glycol simulating drought stress (AD+PEG and H+PEG). Of all groups, plants H showed the highest content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids and the highest values of antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, total peroxidases, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione-S-...
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Properties of plant extracts
Bělonožníková, Kateřina ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Liberda, Jiří (referee)
Plants synthesize a wide variety of compounds called secondary metabolites. These compounds comprise products of the phenylpropanoid pathway (flavonoids, stilbens, anthocyanines and tannins), isoprenoids, and alkaloids. Since plant secondary metabolites seem to affect human health in a positive way, decrease the risk of some diseases such as cancer, diabetes type 2 and disorders of the cardiovascular system, their studies attract a lot of attention. The mechanism of the effect of individual compounds on human health has not been clarified yet, the positive effect is probably caused by their antioxidant capacity. In this work 22 extracts from different kinds of fruit and vegetables were prepared. The total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, the antioxidant capacity by methods FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulphonic acid)] were determined. High content of phenolic compounds was established in the extract from strawberry, cherry and kiwi, the highest antioxidant capacity was found in the extract from strawberry. Another studied attribute of extracts from fruit and vegetables was their influence on the activity of digestive enzymes pancreatic lipase and α-amylase. The extracts from lemon, red currant, jostaberry, lime and...
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Characterization of minor fruit varieties in terms of use in the food industry
Jurečková, Zuzana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Golian, Jozef (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The thesis deals with one group of small fruits, the genus Ribes, ie currants, and gooseberries. It assesses their physical and chemical parameters with respect to the possibility of use in these properties for the design of a new type of product – beverages. Titration, spectrometric and other methods were used for the evaluation of these properties. A total of fifteen of these methods were available (total juice yield, juice pH, total dry matter, soluble fruit dry matter, titratable acidity, formolic number, reducing carbohydrate content, D-glucose, D-fructose and sucrose content, total polyphenolic substance content, anthocyanins, vitamin C and total antioxidant capacity) and a total of nine analytes (copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, potassium, calcium and sodium) were selected for the determination of mineral elements. For two years (harvest 2014 and 2015), these parameters were monitored for color variants of currants (white, red and black) and gooseberries (green-fruited, yellow-fruited and red-fruited). A total of six white varieties were tested in the group of currants - Olin, Jantar, Primus, Blanka, Viktoria and Orion, eleven varieties of red currants - Junnifer, Jesan, Detvan, Rovada, Rubigo, J.V.Tets, Tatran, Losan, Kozolupský raný, Stanca, NŠLS 11/6 and eleven varieties of black currant varieties - Ometa, Démon, Triton, Ben Hope, Ruben, Ben Gairm, Ben Lomond, Moravia, Ben Conan, Fokus and Ceres. A total of five varieties of green-fruited gooseberries were tested - Zebín, Mucurines, Rixanta, Rodnik and Prima. Yellow-fruited gooseberries were available in four varieties - Lemon Giant, Invicta, Golden Fig and Darek. The red-fruited gooseberries included varieties - Rolonda, Alan, Karat, Karmen, Krasnoslawjanskij, Himnomacki Rot, Remarka, Tamara and Black Neguš. Using Tukey's test, an analysis was performed and by scoring individual varieties based on the results of individual analyzes, a list of recommended varieties was compiled for further work on the development of a new beverage. Unfortunately, in 2015 there were very few fruits of green-fruited and yellow-fruited gooseberries, so it was decided that the volume of fruit will fall on the testing of bioactive substances. Therefore, at the end of the work, it is not possible to objectively evaluate these varieties of gooseberries in the whole range of analyzes. Therefore, the point evaluation of varieties was based on the averages of individual varieties. The red-fruited varieties were available in full, and therefore a full evaluation could take place. The most significant differences between red gooseberry varieties were in the content of bioactive substances (the content of polyphenolic substances, anthocyanin dyes, and vitamin C) and antioxidant capacity. These results were provided to the food subject, which continued to work with these values. Based on this project, utility model No. PUV 2016-33171 and the resulting combined drink based on wine and fruit juice were developed.
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Technológie výroby ochutených pív
Mešťánek, Matej
The work was devoted to the technology of flavored beers and consisted of two parts. In the first one, we dealt with their basic division, commonly used raw materials, the description of individual technological steps and the difference between the production of ordinary and flavored beers. They have also been divided based on their origin and assigned to the typical geographical areas in which they are produced. In the second - experimental part - nine micro samples were created and by help of FermentoFlash destillation, and spectrophotometer the basic parameters were determined. Such as the original extract, weight, volume, alcohol and color of wort. Also, the total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity were determined using DPPH and FRAP methods. A sensory evaluation was made in order to detect sensory differences depending on the phase in which the fruit was added. The results were subjected to statistical research and reviewed and compared the results published by other authors.
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