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Care for children with autism spectrum disorders in the home environment
FLORIÁNOVÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis deals with the care for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the home environment. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The historical development, classification, characteristics, etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis and therapy of autism spectrum disorders are discussed in the theoretical part. The most important chapter of this theoretical part is family and care in the home environment. It describes a family and a child with ASD, as well as homesharing, needs, the role of the paediatric nurse in care and specifics in the area of self-care. The practical part and the objectives are focused on the specifics of care in the home environment, the needs of children with autism spectrum disorders and also how the paediatric nurse participates in the care. A qualitative research method was used to conduct the research using semi-structured interviews with eight mothers and two paediatric nurses. The interviews were recorded anonymously on a dictaphone and then transcribed into written form. The survey results were coded using the "pencil and paper" method, and nine categories and several subcategories were subsequently created. Specifically, the following categories were created: Diagnosis, Information Resources about Care, Care in the Home Environment, Homesharing, Reactions to Change and Strangers, Communication, Needs, Specifics of Care in the Home Environment and Paediatric Nurse and Care for a Child with ASD. The results are divided into well-arranged charts and diagrams The research showed that the care of children with ASD in the home environment is individual and often demanding. Mothers also reported that they were not satisfied with the information about home care because no one talked to them about this issue. The most common problem is self-care because most children with ASD need help with everything, whether it is dressing, eating, going to the toilet or hygiene. Another specificity in the care is hypersensitivity, for example to various colours, shapes or materials. Communication with these children is also very hard, as they communicate especially in a non-verbal or visual way through the use of special objects. Also the observance of rituals before sleeping or eating is very specific for children with ASD. The children with ASD have biological, social and psychological needs. In many cases, however, these children with ASD do not feel the biological needs, so their parents have to look after them. The paediatric nurses participate in the care by educating the parents and trying to support them in whatever is needed. If a child with ASD visits a General practitioner's surgery for children and adolescents or a dentist's surgery, the nurse should always try to respect the child's rituals.
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Možný vliv genových variant v genu COMT na projevy ADHD a/nebo ASD
ŠMELCOVÁ, Miroslava
This work is focused on examining the influence of the COMT gene in two diseases: ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and ASD (autism spectrum disorder). Autism spectrum disorder is a behavioral syndrome characterized by impaired social interaction, impaired communication, and abnormalities in behavior, interests, and play. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disease that causes problems mainly in the area of concentration, adjustment of activity and excessive impulsivity. Both mentioned diseases can be genetically conditioned, and therefore this work is focused on researching the frequency representation of gene variants responsible for low or high levels of dopamine in people with autism spectrum disorder and with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder compared to the control population. We performed a genetic analysis on two polymorphisms of the COMT gene, namely the more well-known rs4680 and rs4818. The analysis itself included DNA isolation, PCR amplification, control of the PCR product using gel electrophoresis, purification and sequencing of the PCR product and, in the last step, evaluation of the DNA sequence. Based on our results in the laboratory, we did not confirm the hypothesis that the above polymorphisms in the COMT gene represent a risk factor for ASD and ADHD. Our results were probably influenced by the small number of people in the monitored groups, but even this work helped in a small fragment to understand the cause of the complicated pathology of these diseases.
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The process s of adaptation of preschool children with ASD in kindergartens
FINKOVÁ, Iveta
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to analyse how children with autism spectrum disorder adapt in different situations, how they manage the adaptation process as such and at the same time to find possibilities that can help teachers and parents during further adaptation. In order to achieve the given goal, I have chosen two methods, which are the method of observation and an interview with parents/educators. The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis is divided into 7 chapters in which I have presented the information I have obtained from books and online sources. The practical part describes the progress of both methods and also the answers to the chosen areas that were created to process the interviews. It then contains a conclusion and summary of the results. The results show that the most important thing for adaptation is the individual approach, patience, and most importantly communication between the parent and the teacher, because that makes it much easier to get closer to the child, understand him/her and then figure out what approach to choose in order to get the best result and progress for the child. At the same time, it is important not to put much pressure on the child during the adaptation process and to let the child get used to it and be happy, because if we put demands on the child from the beginning, it can be stressful for the child and then he or she.
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Contact assistance in teaching swimming to children with autism spectrum disorders
Nováková, Linda ; Hubená, Kristýna (advisor) ; Kramperová, Veronika (referee)
Title: Contact assistance in swimming lessons for children with autism spectrum disorder Objectives: The aim of the study was to map the issue of contact assistance in swimming lessons for children with autism spectrum disorder. The intention was to obtain information about the use of contact assistance from organisations or swimming schools that deal with the issue of contact assistance in swimming lessons through a questionnaire. On the basis of the data obtained, we then created a pictorial material on the form of contact assistance in swimming lessons for this population. Methods: The research was conducted using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. A questionnaire survey was used to obtain the necessary information about the use of contact assistance in swimming lessons for children with ASD in the Czech Republic. Participant observation was used in direct participation in swimming lessons. A pictorial material was created from this lesson. Using non- participant observation, analysis of the pictorial material was carried out. Results: From the results of the research it is evident that the use of contact assistance in swimming lessons for children with ASD is justified. The responses evaluated from the questionnaire survey show a prevalence of positive effects on swimmers....
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Vzdělávání žáků s poruchou autistického spektra na SŠ
Huppertová, Anna
This thesis deals with autistic children’s education at vocational schools. The theoretical part defines and specifies autistic spectre learning disorders (ASD) and also provides etiological description, classification and symptomatology, describing behavioural patterns typical for autistic spectre subjects. Further on, it looks into education of ASD children within their families and defines inclusion and integration. Individual study plan description is included also looking at the role of pedagogical assistants and further supportive measures such as ASD modified curriculum and integration processes. All that is abstracted from printed and online resources, legislation and laws which are analysed and synthesized. In the practical part, data is collected from ASD children’s parents asking their opinions about educational processes relevant for their children as well as their personal experience with providers. Questions concerning specific diagnostic procedures, educational and integrational processes and ASD modified curriculum are asked. Descriptive statistical analysis of the said data is presented.
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Problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder
Kubásková, Monika ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (referee)
Bachelor thesis focuses on the topic of problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders. It defines the term autism spectrum disorders, brief description and the prevalence. It also discusses the problem behavior, the definition and specific examples. Attention is also paid to the causes and role of this behavior for children. It describes the most common problem behaviors and interventions that work with it. The theoretical part concludes with a chapter devoted to applied behavioral analysis, which is working with problem behavior very successful. Briefly outlines the history of this therapeutic approach, its basic principles when working with problem behavior and possible negatives. The empirical part contains a research proposal, which is thematically linked to previous findings. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Cognitive flexibility in selected animal models of psychiatric disorders
Janíková, Martina ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Ježek, Karel (referee)
Cognitive flexibility is the ability to adjust thinking and behavior based on changing conditions. Cognitive rigidity has been described in a variety of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and has been suggested to contribute to symptom maintenance. Therefore, we aimed to study cognitive flexibility and other behavioral characteristics in several rodent models relevant to schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. In a two-hit mice model relevant to schizophrenia, we found the between-group difference in set- shifting and decreased number of parvalbumin interneurons in the hippocampus of stressed female mice. Interestingly, we found no impairment in any other behavioral task. In two pharmacological rat models relevant to OCD, we showed that sensitization to D2/D3 receptor agonist quinpirole and serotonin 1A/7 agonist 8-OH-DPAT produced severe spatial learning and memory impairment in the Active Allothetic Place Avoidance task. The impairment was so severe that the reversal couldn't be tested. Surprisingly, drugs decreasing glutamatergic neurotransmission, memantine and riluzole, further impaired the performance in both models, although no such effect was observed when they were applied alone. Lastly, we showed that the knockout of a collapsin response...
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Friendships and partner relationships in young adults with autism spectrum disorder
Slavíčková, Kateřina ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
This master thesis examines friendship and partnership relationships in young adults with autism spectrum disorders. In the literature section, the definition of autism spectrum disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-V manual is presented, the specific areas of autism spectrum disorders are discussed, with attention being paid mainly to the social area, and the chapter also focuses on diagnosis and support options. The next chapter covers general aspects of friendship and specifics in friendships for people on the spectrum. The chapter on partner relationships is divided in the same way. The literature section also includes specifics of relationships in the online world and concludes with a brief summary. The research section begins by introducing the research objectives and research questions. The research design was conceived as qualitative. The research was conducted in two phases, the first of which was an online questionnaire. The second phase then consisted of semi- structured interviews that aimed to deepen the findings from the questionnaire. Both phases of the research were evaluated qualitatively using the thematic analysis method. The results of the thesis describe how people on the...
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Francoise Dolto - a personality of 20th century French pedagogy
Říhová, Nikola ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ébert-Zeminová, Catherine (referee)
This thesis deals with the life of the French psychoanalyst and paediatrician Françoise Dolto. Thesis treats her personal life, defines the essential moments in her professional development. It summarises her theoretical ideas concerning child education and upbringing, child psychoanalysis and also touches on her impact on comtemporary educational practice. KEYWORDS Françoise Dolto, pedagogy, psychoanalysis, autism spectrum disorder, education
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