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Study of the spent coffee grounds addition on the physico-chemical properties of the soil
Kavková, Kateřina ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to conduct a growth experiment of lettuce and corn in soil mixtures containing 2.5% modified (oxidized coffee grounds, defatted coffee grounds, oxidized defatted coffee grounds) or raw coffee grounds and compared these plants to plants that grew in clean soil without treatment. Both growth characteristics and chemical analyzes were studied - elemental analysis, amount of chlorophyll, etc. In germination tests, the effect of coffee grounds toxicity on seeds was demonstrated, except for the mixture with defatted grounds, when the maize seeds did so well in the leachate that they had sprouted leaves as in the mixture alone. The soil after the cultivation of lettuce and after the cultivation of maize was also analyzed and their values were compared with the soil before cultivation. Changes in pH, elemental composition, content of phenolic substances or content of organic matter were monitored.
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Study of the effect of adding coffee grounds to the soil on the growth of selected plants
Kopková, Pavlína ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
Due to the globally high consumption of coffee, a large amount of spent coffee grounds is generated. This study aims to evaluate the potential use of this waste material in agriculture as fertiliser for field crops. Growth experiments were conducted with brown soil enriched with 2.5 vol.% of coffee grounds or modified coffee grounds, followed by soil and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays) plant characterisation. Although germination tests did not demonstrate phytotoxicity of the soil mixtures, the addition of any modified coffee grounds led to a decrease in plant biomass. Differences between lettuce and corn were observed during growth. After harvesting, a decreased chlorophyll content or mineral substances was found in the cultivated plants. Prepared soil mixtures affected soil pH, with the greatest pH decrease measured after the addition of oxidized coffee grounds. Elemental analysis of the soils before cultivation showed an increase in the content of some essential mineral elements for plants (K, Ca, Na, Mg), but at the same time, there was a decrease in the concentration of one of the most important elements, phosphorus (P).
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Optimization of cultivation of carotenogenic yeasts on mixed waste substrates
Holub, Jiří ; Mikulíková, Renata (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The master thesis addresses the issue of cultivation of selected strains of carotenogenic yeasts on waste materials of the food industry using a laboratory bioreactor. Carotenogenic yeasts are able to produce highly valuable metabolites during cultivation, which are located predominantly in the lipid part of the cells. Particularly, they are carotenoids, ergosterol, coenzyme Q and fatty acids. The thesis is divided into two main parts, the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part describes individual yeast strains, types of waste materials, produced metabolites and methods of their analysis. The experimental part deals with the processing of waste materials of the food industry, specifically animal fat, whey and spent coffee grounds into the form of substrates usable as nutrition sources for yeast cultivation. Furthermore, cultivations focused on the recovery of the monitored metabolites and their analysis by using HPLC/PDA and GC/FID assemblies were studied as well. The yeast strains Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula kratochvilae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodosporidium toruloides (CCY 062-002-001), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6) a Cystofilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2) were used in this work. As one of the best producing strains Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6) was found, which achieved very high productions of carotenoids, coenzyme Q and ergosterol.
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Modeling and cultivation of some microorganisms on waste substrate hydrolysates
Kecskésová, Viktória ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of Diploma thesis was the cultivation of microorganisms Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039 and Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658 on hydrolysed spent coffee grounds, production of lactid acid and modelling of these processes to find out more detailed characteristics. First, both microorganisms were cultivated in Erlenmeyer flasks on spent coffee grounds hydrolysate containing lipids and processed by extraction of lipids, e.g. lipid-free. The effect of nitrogen source and inoculation medium were monitored in the course of cultivation. The optimal conditions found were used for subsequent fermentation in bioreactors. Further, microorganisms were cultivated in the Erlenmeyer flasks in the media with individual carbohydrates typical for hydrolysed spent coffee grounds to determine its ability to utilize these carbohydrates. By fermentation in the bioreactors, the yield of lactic acid from carbohydrates was 97 % in Lactobacillus plantarum and 99 % in Bacillus coagulans, respectively. Models for growth and productivity of microorganisms were processed in MATLAB using logistic, generalized logistic and Monod functions. In general, the best data fit was achieved using a logistic function.
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of wastes associated with coffee production
Kovářová, Markéta ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on study of potential production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes by microorganisms – bacterium and moulds, which have been cultivated on spent coffee grounds. The theoretical part deals with characterization of coffee and utilization of coffee by-products. There are also subscribed microorganisms and enzymes which have been noticed. In experimental part coffee ground was used as the sole substrate for production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. Productions of protease, cellulase, mannase and lipase enzymes were observed. None-identified isolate of mould spontaneously contaminating spent coffee grounds was identified as the best producer of these enzymes. Subsequently the conditions of cultivation such as water content and shaking vs. static cultivation of this moulds were optimized. Further, we performed partial purification and pre-concentration of the enzyme cocktail by ultrafiltration, ultradialysis and PAGE-SDS characterization of extracellular enzymes was performed as well.
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Study of behavior of vacuum insulation panels based on hybride core insulators
Zelenka, Jakub ; Plachý,, Jan (referee) ; Zach, Jiří (advisor)
The theoretical part of the thesis covers a literature search on the topic of vacuum insulations, their composition and the possibility of replacing the used materials with natural ones. Furthermore, the theoretical part focuses on the application of vacuum insulation in the construction industry and in other areas of use. On the basis of the conducted research, the design of hybrid core insulators based on natural secondary raw materials was carried out, which could be used as a partial or complete replacement of already used materials.
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Study of the effect of fertilizer containing wheat bran on lettuce growth
Smrčková, Kamila ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of the work was to perform growth experiments on a laboratory scale with soil, which was enriched with 2,5 vol. % of wheat bran/coffee grounds/biochar and to study soil and growth characteristics on Lactuca sativa L. The coffee grounds were added raw or modified by oxidation/extraction. Phytotoxic properties of coffee grounds were confirmed by germination tests, although there was an effort to reduce the content of phenolic substances by oxidation /extraction. Soil additives caused an increase in content of organic matter, water capacity, pH and conductivity of all mixtures compared to the control soil. Elemental analysis of soils before cultivation did not show any positive effect on the content of mineral elements compared to the control soil. On the other hand, higher mineral (P, Mg, Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Cu and Al) content compared to soil was recorded cultivation experiments. Chlorophyll a was the most abundant in cultivated plants and reached the lowest concentration in plants grown in a mixture with EXKS. Salads differed in mineral content, too. Salads with the highest content of phosphorus were growed on the mixture BU+OT+PŮDA. On the contrary, content of potassium is salads was negatively affected by mixture with EXKS. Microelements (Fe, Zn, Al, Cu, Cr and Mn) were most affected in the salad by the addition of raw coffee grounds and OXKS2.
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Detoxification of coffee sediments by oxidation processes
Maňáková, Helena ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the detoxification of used coffee grounds by the oxidation processes. The theoretical section describes the characterization of coffee beans and used coffee grounds. Furthermore, this section describes the valorisation of coffee grounds, especially its application as a fertilizer. The final part of the theoretical section focuses on the characterization of phenolic compounds, which are responsible for toxic properties of used coffee grounds, and analytical methods are described, which include UV–VIS spectrophotometry and high–performance liquid chromatography. The aim of the experimental part is the sample preparation, the application of the effective detoxification process and the analysis of the detoxificated used coffee grounds, focusing on the content of phenolic compounds. At the end of the experimental part, data processing is described. Three types of coffee grounds were used for determination of phenolic compounds: raw, defatted and the third type was defatted and simultaneously hydrolysed. High amounts of phenolic acids were identified in every sample, especially the gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic and caffeic acid. After an oxidizing agent was applied, positive detoxification of every sample of used coffee grounds was confirmed. For the most effective and most economical oxidation, a 1% oxidizing agent was chosen, which after a 10–minute oxidization efficiently reduced the content of the phenolic compound.
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Combustion of Coffee Pellets
Kurečková, Andrea ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with combustion of coffee pellets, which are made of spend coffee grounds. The work is divided into two main parts. The first part contains a research of combustion, solid fuels and energy use of spent coffee grounds. The second part is experimental and describes the combustion test. It describes the measurement procedure, the necessary calculations and evaluation.
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Biotechnological production of polyhydroxyalkanoates using wastes of coffee production
Vašíčková, Monika ; Benešová, Pavla (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on study of production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by bacteria Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia sacchari. Production of PHA has been studied using spent coffee grounds hydrolysates which have been prepared by different aproaches. In the thesis is compared standard method of coffee ground hydrolysis by mineral acid followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Hydrolysates which have been produced were analyzed in terms of concentration of saccharides and efficiency of hydrolysis. The best producer of PHA (based on results) was bacterium Burkholderia cepacia, in the medium which has been prepared by hydrolysis of spent coffee grounds extracted by 60% solution of ethanol. Biomass yield of this cultivation was 3,553 g/l with 32,472% PHA content. This PHA contained 6,09% 3-hydroxyvalerate. In the other experiment, we verified alternative hydrolysis of spent coffee grounds – by commercially available enzymes. We used cellulase, hemicellulase and the enzymatic cocktail which has been produced by mould. Hemicellulase was the most effective hydrolytic enzyme and its application resulted in production of the highest amount of biomass – 5,708 g/l. In this cultivation, only homopolymer PHB has been which is probably caused by the fact, that during the enzymatic hydrolysis levulinic acid or any other potential precursor of 3HV is formed.
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