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Hate Speech in the Online Space
Šmotková, Veronika ; Šelleng, Dalibor (advisor) ; Hořák, Jaromír (referee)
Hate Speech in the Online Space Abstract This thesis focuses on mapping the ways of sanctioning hate speech which appears on the Internet. In the introductory chapter, the concepts of hate speech and the online environment are first explained. Next, the various means by which the Internet is a suitable venue for the dissemination of hateful rhetoric are discussed. The chapter also briefly shows the ways one can come in contact with hateful content on the Internet. The second chapter focuses on one of the key human freedoms closely related to the topic, namely freedom of expression. It draws special attention to its possible conflict with other fundamental rights and freedoms and describes how it is limited. In the third chapter of the thesis, I draw attention to the penalty of hate speech itself, with an emphasis on criminal sanctions. Therefore, the thesis describes in detail the selected criminal offences under which hate speech can be subsumed. I discuss the following: 1) Violence against a Group of People and Individuals, 2) Defamation of Nation, Race, Ethnic or other Groups of People, 3) instigation of Hatred towards a Group of People or of Suppression of their Rights and Freedoms, 4) Establishment, support and promotion of a movement aimed at suppression of human rights and freedoms, 5) Dissemination...
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ChatGPT: Principles, benefits and pitfalls
Ulman, Daniel ; Ellederová, Eva (referee) ; Šedrlová, Magdalena (advisor)
Díky rychlému pokroku v oblasti umělé inteligence v posledních několika letech je pravděpodobné, že bude lidstvo na umělou inteligenci spoléhat čím dál více v nejrůznějších oblastech. Jednou takovou zajímavou rozvíjející se oblastí v rámci umělé inteligence se stávají chatboti. V této bakalářské práci je nejprve představen vývoj umělé inteligence, který poskytuje kontext pro základní princip fungování chatbotů. Poté je popsáno vnitřní fungování chatbotů a představeno několik typů chatbotů rozdělených dle několika různých klasifikací. Tyto fakta slouží jako podklad pro zkoumání hlavního tématu této práce, ChatGPT. Poznatky z rešerše literatury ukazují, že velké jazykové modely, jako je právě ChatGPT, mohou být přelomem v lidské interakci s umělou inteligencí, otevírající nové možnosti v digitální éře, ale také vyvolávající obavy o jejich úskalích.
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Analysis of process for production of small plates
Talanda, Jiří ; Fiala, Alois (referee) ; Koška, Petr (advisor)
Theme of the Master’s thesis is analysis of process for production of small plates. Main parts of the thesis are analysis of the production process, process mapping, data capture, analysis of the data by Pareto analysis and find causes of nonconformities. Causes analysis is based on data analysis and process observation. It is divided to chapters by factors which are influencing the process. Optimization measures are designed with regard to their simplicity of realization and system in organization.
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An Extended Model of a MEMS Gyroscope: Design and Identification
Vágner, Martin ; Sopata,, Milan (referee) ; Tůma, Jiří (referee) ; Beneš, Petr (advisor)
The thesis is aimed on measurement and modeling of MEMS gyroscopes based on input-output characteristics. The first part briefs the state of the art. The second part is dedicated to measurement methodology. Critical points and sources of uncertainty are discussed and evaluated using measurements or simulations. The last part shows key characteristics of MEMS gyroscopes based on the survey of a group of different sensor types. The results have revealed significant influence of supply voltage that causes bias drift of the gyroscope and bias drift of the internal temperature sensor. The error can be comparable to temperature drift; however, this effect is not addressed in the literature. The second observed effect is temperature dependency of angle random walk. In the last part, a general model of a MEMS gyroscope is rewritten to reflect observed effects. Moreover, the structure is selected to be easily extendable and the coefficients are expressed to allow a comparison of nominal parameters of different sensors.
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Explainable Convolutional Neural Networks
Kamenický, Daniel ; Herout, Adam (referee) ; Hradiš, Michal (advisor)
The aim of this work was to compare several methods for visualizing the features of each class on the input pixel layer of the CNN. Each method uses a different algorithm, based on gradients, to compute the resulting values. Using the implementation of each method, the resultant values of the methods are obtained by using the equation of energy concentration. The resultant values are presented in tables and graphs from which the success rate of the result of the work can be read. The difference between the methods and comparison of their results can be read from the work. This makes it possible to get an overview of gradient based visualization methods.
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Representation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in Czech media coverage
Lacina, Jiří ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Končelík, Jakub (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on the image of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the Czech media, specifically on the presence of bias in news coverage. The thesis examines what, if any, elements of media bias are present in Czech media coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The theoretical part of the thesis describes bias and related concepts, and then discusses the history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, including a closer look at Czech- Israeli and Czech-Palestinian relations. The thesis then presents selected foreign and Czech research that examines the media portrayal of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. As a method, the thesis uses quantitative content analysis and analyses news articles published in the five most read online media during Israel-Palestine crisis in May 2021. The analysis focuses on the presence of contextual information about the conflict, the labelling of actions, actors and territories, and the way in which victims are reported. The results show the picture of the conflict presented by the Czech media is incomplete and distorted from different perspectives. However, the results do not show that the coverage is clearly biased in favour of (or against) the Israeli or Palestinian side.
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Reaction of retail investors to financial market movements and sentiment changes
Hromčík, Jakub ; Schwarz, Jiří (advisor) ; Petrásek, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis investigates two areas. First, we study the impact of sociodemographic attributes on retail ivnestors following robo-advice in the choices of ready-made portfolios of passive ETFs with unique risk levels by employing a logistic regression model. Second, we investigate the impact of sociodemographic attributes on retail investors' trading volume adjustments in periods of high expected market volatility as proxied by the VIX index, for which we employ panel data regression methods over 18 consecutive months during a relatively stable period from January 1st 2021 to the end of 2022. We find, in agreement with reasearch on human financial advice, that women are more likely than men to follow risk level recommended by a robo-advisor, while being a man is associated with assuming more risk than recommended. Due to model assumption issues, our results are rather inconclusive in whether men tend to react differently to periods of high expected market volatility. JEL Classification D90, D91, G40, G41, J16 Keywords ETFs, VIX, Robo-advisor, Ready-made portfo- lio Title Reaction of retail investors to financial market movements and sentiment changes Author's e-mail kubahromcik@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail jiri.schwarz@fsv.cuni.cz
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Comparison of selected Czech daily newspapers ahead of the 2023 presidential elections
Nováčková, Michaela ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Lütke Notarp, Ulrike (referee)
The bachelor's thesis focuses on the reporting of five selected newspapers between the first and second round of the direct presidential election in 2023. In the theoretical part, the thesis introduces the reader to scholarly concepts and terms related to normative expectations of a democratic society, such as objectivity, balance, impartiality, and others. In the descriptive part, it describes the Czech media landscape and touches more closely on the topic of media ownership. In the research part, using quantitative and qualitative content analysis, the author works with data collected from the Czech daily newspapers Hospodářské noviny, MF Dnes, Lidové noviny, Právo and Deník N and interprets the results based on four research questions.
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Bias of the Administrative Officials
Nová, Anna ; Vedral, Josef (advisor) ; Svoboda, Petr (referee)
Bias of the Administrative Officials Abstract The subject of this thesis is an analysis of the bias of public officials, which is regulated in Section 14 of Act No. 500/2004 Coll., the Administrative Procedure Code, as amended, with a primary focus on the practical aspects of the application of the institute. Special focus is also placed on the phenomenon of so-called systemic bias, which receives considerable attention from both the professional community and the general public. The thesis also examines the development of the position of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Administrative Court's jurisprudence on the subject in the last two decades. The thesis is divided into four main chapters, which are further divided into subchapters, with selected subchapters further divided into sections. The first chapter analyses the fundamental principles of the institute of exclusion from hearing and decision-making and reviews the most significant milestones of administrative procedure codification, with a focus on the regulation of the institute of bias. The second chapter presents current legal regulation of bias in the Administrative Procedure Code as well as in special statutes and lays the theoretical groundwork necessary for a deeper insight into the issue. The third chapter focuses on the phenomenon...
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