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Mechanisms of insulin resistance and β - cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Effective diet against o minous octet
Kahleová, Hana ; Pelikánová, Terezie (advisor) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee) ; Vondra, Karel (referee)
Background and Aims: Dietary intervention is one of the key components in type 2 diabetes (T2D) management. Vegetarian diet is a promising alternative in the nutritional treatment of T2D. The aims of our study were: 1. To compare the effects of vegetarian and conventional diabetic diet with the same caloric restriction on insulin resistance, volume of visceral fat and plasma concentrations of oxidative stress markers after a 12-weeks-diet-intervention and subsequent 12-weeks of diet plus aerobic exercise training in subjects with T2D. 2. To explore the effect of 12 weeks of diet intervention and subsequent 12 weeks of diet combined with aerobic exercise training on -cell function and to evaluate the role of gastrointestinal peptides in subjects with T2D. 3. To study quality of life, Beck depression score and changes in eating behaviour in response to a vegetarian and a conventional diabetic diet. 4. To explore the role of changes in fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in diet-induced changes in insulin sensitivity in subjects with T2D. 5. To follow-up our patients 1 year from the end of the intervention.
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The Dog as a Supporting Part in Caring for Different Target Groups of Clients
Pecharová, Marie ; Vodáčková, Daniela (advisor) ; Havránková, Olga (referee)
The theoretical part describes the history and theory in the zoo-rehabilitation and canis- rehabilitation, its use as a therapy to improve physical and mental health on specific examples in each of the health and social area. In the area of assistance dogs and introduces the history of the field, with the methodology of selecting an appropriate dog and its training for the disabled. For signal dogs describes the history, function as a guard dog health deterioration of the patient when a dog detects, for example. upcoming epileptic seizure, diabetic coma, etc. Deaf dog for his master's notes on the sounds, for which it is trained. In the use of the dog - the mediator shows the use of a different method of communication when the dog is a mediator between the client and the therapist. It is used in situations where they are unable to make contact with the client. In the research section analysed the answers of helping dogs to questions posed in the questionnaire, and evaluated their experience with them. The questionnaire was, together with an accompanying letter handed over to organizations carrying out training to assist dogs. These organizations also have sent my cover letter with the questionnaire to its clients, and the clients themselves have filled in questionnaires and returned...
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Differentiation of adult stem cells into insulin-producing beta cells
Koblas, Tomáš
Ph.D. Thesis abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by a metabolic disorder in which there is a low level or complete lack of the insulin. Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is caused by an autoimmune reaction leading to the destruction of the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. In consequence, low or non-existent insulin production leads to a complete dependence on exogenous insulin supplementation. DM1 causes serious long-term complications. Although strict control of blood sugar could prevent the onset and development of diabetic complications only 5% of diabetic patients are able to achieve such control. Hence it is evident that the current methods of treatment are neither sufficient to treat this disease, nor prevent late complications in most patients. The most promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of diabetes is the restoring of insulin production. One such method is the transplantation of insulin-producing tissue. However, a lack of available insulin- producing tissue limits such therapeutic approach. Therefore an alternative source of insulin producing cells have to be found to obtain a sufficient amount of safe and efficient insulin producing tissue. Pancreatic stem/progenitor cells could represent such an available alternative source. Despite the evidence...
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Role of peripheral blood monocytes and innate immunity in diabetes
Zinková, Alžběta ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Novota, Peter (referee)
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a polygenic disease and its development is influenced to some extent by environmental factors as well. Innate immunity triggers nonspecifically first defense reactions after penetration of the pathogen into the body, while overstimulation components of innate immunity may give rise to autoimmune diseases, including diabetes type 1. The components of innate immunity are, among others, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belonging to a group of the structures recognizing preserved molecular structures characteristic of pathogens. Toll-like receptors are abundantly expressed by monocytes which produce prolactin (PRL) having an immunostimulatory function. To clarify the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of diabetes, we focused on the expression of mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4. The expression of PRL was studied only at the level of mRNA. Monocytes were separated by flow cytometry into classical (CD14++) and nonclassical (CD14+). We monitored their percentages and the degree of expression of CD14 antigen on their surface.The operational objective of this dissertation was to optimize the stimulation of monocytes for the planned study of the function of non-pituitary prolactin in vitro and determine the appropriateness of the use of healthy donors' buffy...
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Molecular mechanisms in diabetic embryopathy
Čerychová, Radka ; Pavlínková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kolář, František (referee)
Diabetic embryopathy is one of many serious complications associated with diabetes. It is known that maternal diabetes increases the frequency of congenital defects up to ten times. The most common defects are cardiovascular and neural tube defects. Molecular mechanisms of diabetic embryopathy are still not known. This work contributes to elucidation of molecular processes leading to development of cardiovascular defects in diabetic embryopathy. This study is based on observation that maternal diabetes affects transcriptional regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in developing embryo. To study the influence of maternal diabetes on HIF-1 signaling pathway, we used mouse model heterozygous for "knock-out" of Hif1α gene. Our analyses showed the negative combinational effects of maternal diabetes and Hif1α+/- genotype on embryonic development and increased risk of diabetic embryopathy. Histological analysis demonstrated the increased incidence of cardiovascular defects, particularly defects of interventricular septum and hypoplastic compact left ventricular wall in embryonic day (E) 14.5 Hif1α+/- embryos compared to wt littermates from the diabetic pregnancy. Using qPCR, we analyzed gene expression changes in the embryonic hearts at E9.5 and E10.5. We selected genes important for the...
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The genetics of type II diabetes
Svobodová, Kristýna ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
The bachelor thesis The genetics of type II diabetes is compound of several chapter. The major part is general characteristic of diabetes, diagnostics and pathogenesis. The thesis includes history of diabetes too. The last two chapters are focus on genetics. There are many knowledges which have been gained so far and objects future studies. Very interesting is chapter about genetics studies in variol continents, studies of ethnic groups. Key words Diabetes mellitus I., Diabetes mellitus II., disease, genetics, gen, locus, genome-wide association studies, heritability
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Differentiation of adult stem cells into insulin-producing beta cells
Koblas, Tomáš ; Saudek, František (advisor) ; Grim, Miloš (referee) ; Štechová, Kateřina (referee)
Ph.D. Thesis abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by a metabolic disorder in which there is a low level or complete lack of the insulin. Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is caused by an autoimmune reaction leading to the destruction of the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. In consequence, low or non-existent insulin production leads to a complete dependence on exogenous insulin supplementation. DM1 causes serious long-term complications. Although strict control of blood sugar could prevent the onset and development of diabetic complications only 5% of diabetic patients are able to achieve such control. Hence it is evident that the current methods of treatment are neither sufficient to treat this disease, nor prevent late complications in most patients. The most promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of diabetes is the restoring of insulin production. One such method is the transplantation of insulin-producing tissue. However, a lack of available insulin- producing tissue limits such therapeutic approach. Therefore an alternative source of insulin producing cells have to be found to obtain a sufficient amount of safe and efficient insulin producing tissue. Pancreatic stem/progenitor cells could represent such an available alternative source. Despite the evidence...
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The role of monocytes in pathogenesis of diabetes - immunogenetic study
Paukner, Karel ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
Type one diabetes is an autoimmune disease. It is caused by the destruction of β cells of Langerhans' pancreatic islets. Hyperglycemia is a major symptom of β cell destruction. Monocytes play a key role during T cell activation. T cell effect can be protective (Treg) or destructive. Monocyte destroys β cells as a macrophage and generates self-tolerance as a dendritic cell. The number of patients with T1D is increasing. In the presented work I aim to summarize current information about pathogenesis of T1D and I try to propose future way of research.
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