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Nutritional of patients with diabetes mellitus of the second type
Vlášková, Lenka ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Škrha, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on nutritional of patients with diabetes mellitus of the second type. The theoretical part defines type 2 diabetes mellitus. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been increasing in our country and all over the world. Although the genetic predisposition is necessary for the development of diabetes, we can prevent this disease. The obesity as well as the other components of the metabolic syndrome prevention is very important in type 2 diabetes prevention. Physical activity is also very important, as it has a significant effect on insulin sensitivity and the dietary influences, which this bachelor thesis particularly deals with. The practical part is based on the survey, which contains the results of a questionnaire survey carried out at the 13rd International day of diabetes mellitus on Charles square in Prague. This part of the work shows how are their eating habits and activities. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic syndrome, dietary prevention
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Research of the ability of retention information from verbal education in nutrition mode and the effect of this education by overweight middle-aged people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Šilerová, Tereza ; Vařeka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Křížová, Jarmila (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the disease diabetes mellitus. The theoretical part describes the characteristics of this disease. It describes typical symptoms, classification and diagnostics. It also outlines and explains the complications that may occur as a result of the disease and that may be avoided or whose inception and development may at least be delayed. Depending on their type and extent, these complications may significantly reduce quality of life as well as overall life expectancy. It is therefore essential to ensure that patients are properly educated in the right therapy. Education itself is covered in the section of the chapter devoted to treating diabetes mellitus. The practical part of the diploma thesis is devoted to research, focusing on the ability to retain information following verbal nutritional education of patients with diabetes. The aim of the research is to determine the percentage of information that patients gain from education on diet therapy, thus confirming or rebutting the established hypotheses. The research thus serves to determine the effectiveness of education in the care of diabetics. Keywords: diabetes, education, information retention, diet therapy
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Microvascular and macrovascular complication diabetes mellitus 2. type
Šnorová, Markéta ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
In my thesis I dealt with the theme of very serious and widespread diseases of civilization posed by diabetes mellitus (diabetes), type 2. Incidence of the disease is considered a pandemic of the 21st century. I focused on macro- and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with the description of type 2 diabetes in terms of its origin, course, diagnosis and treatment, including komplkací. In the practical part I am devoted to a survey of diabetic patients in the waiting rooms of several diabetics. Through the questionnaire, I investigated how respondents have access to their disease. Whether they know their blood glucose levels as they are treated, whether they realize the seriousness of their illness if they have already expressed complications of diabetes and how to approach the treatment, if observe regime measures. The respondents' answers, I analyzed and processed using graphs.
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Dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hrdinová, Zuzana ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Trachta, Pavel (referee)
This thesis deals with the dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes. Dietary measures are one of the most fundamental elements of the prevention of diabetes. The general characteristics of diabetes mellitus, including epidemiology, clinical manifestations and pathogenesis is described in the theoretical part of this thesis as an introduction to this issue. Other chapters are dedicated to prediabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. More detailed interpretation of the prevention of diabetes is at the end of theoretical part of this theses. The survey among the people without diabetes was conducted as a part of this thesis. The main purpose was to find out the level of public awareness of the prevention of type 2 diabetes. The concrete objectives of this survey was to find out whether the respondents incorrectly consider the higher sugar intake to be the one of the main causes of emergency of type 2 diabetes and furthermore ascertain the awareness of connection between the obesity and type 2 diabetes. And the third particular aim was to determine the awareness of the increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide. The online survey was conducted by a questionnaire and the respondents were informed about its anonymity. Questionnaires were sent to people in my neighborhood. The survey showed that the general...
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Diabetics and their application in Czech football
Soldát, Luboš ; Pokorný, Ladislav (advisor) ; Hronzová, Marie (referee)
Title: Diabetics and their application in Czech football Abstract: The aim of this bachelor thesis is describe the application of diabetics in the Czech football teams at different levels of performance. Describe what diabetes is and its distribution. Elucidate problems that we come across with diabetics in the training process and bring their possible solutions. Characterize principles for safe integration into the team and specify requirements training and match loads. Key words: diabetes, football, application
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Physical activity in primary prevention of type 2 diabetes
Ludvíčková, Dana ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Daďová, Klára (referee)
Title: Physical activity in the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes Objectives: The aim of the survey of this thesis is to focus on the incidence and type of risk factors which could have appeared before type 2 diabetes or prediabetes and how these risk factors have increased the diabetes risk score. If these factors were influenceable or not. Thirteen female patients of diabetological outpatient department of the Hospital in Teplice took part in the survey. They were further asked about the change in their lifestyles. Methods: The research was based on an anonymous survey with 26 questions, which I created. Fifteen forms were distributed to female patients of diabetological outpatient department of the Hospital in Teplice. The average age of the patient was 62,5 years, SD = 6,8. The youngest patient was 42 years old, the oldest was 73. The average time of the disease, which the patient lived with, was 7,3 years, SD = 6,8. The shortest time was 2 years and the longest was 14 years. Thirteen forms were completed properly and completely and were used for the survey. I interviewed two women to make sure the questions were comprehensible. The data I collected were evaluated and commented. Results: The results of my survey confirmed the incidence of leading risk factors for type 2 diabetes, containing...
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Molecular physiology of low-voltage-activated T-type channels in neuropathic pain
Pelant, Tomáš ; Weiss, Norbert (advisor) ; Fišer, Radovan (referee)
Low-voltage activated T-type channels contribute significantly to signal transmission in ascending pain pathway. Their electrophysiological and biochemical properties allow them to modulate neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release. Alterations of electric currents associated with a number of neuronal disorders, including neuropathic pain and epilepsy, have been linked to this subtype of calcium channel, suggesting its prominent role in modulation of neuronal response to various noxious stimuli. Multiple diseases, such as diabetes, cancer or chronic nerve injury, are accompanied by painful neuropathic conditions. Specific inhibitors of T-type channels have been demonstrated to alleviate symptoms of neuropathic pain in mouse models, showing their potential for development of novel type of drugs possibly more effective than traditional analgesics, which exhibit minor effect in neuropathic pain treatment.
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Toll like receptors and myeloid cells in development and disease
Balounová, Jana ; Filipp, Dominik (advisor) ; Špíšek, Radek (referee) ; Vannucci, Luca Ernesto (referee)
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play a central role in host cell recognition and responses to pathogens. Primarily they are responsible for induction and regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses whereby the effector function is executed chiefly by differentiated myeloid cells. Somewhat unexpectedly, TLRs have been also shown to be involved in direct pathogen sensing by bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitors when, under inflammatory conditions, the rapid generation of innate immune effector cells that effectively combat the infection is of utmost priority. While it has been recognized that the release of inflammatory cytokines from inflamed tissues along with the changes in proportions of differentiating cells in the bone marrow (BM) as well as the BM niche can nudge the differentiation of adult BM-derived cells towards myeloid cells and granulocytes, a direct role of TLRs expressed by HSCs in this process has been demonstrated only recently. However, whether a similar mechanism operates also during embryonic hematopoiesis is unknown. Here we show that TLRs and their adaptor proteins are functionally expressed during early stages of embryogenesis by short-lived maternally-transferred...
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Functional role of HIF-1-regulated pathway in diabetic nephropathy
Nepomucká, Kateřina ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Jonáková, Věra (referee)
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains the most common cause of end stage renal failure. Nearly 10% of patients with diabetes develop nephropathy. Hyperglycaemia in the kidneys leads to the activation of alternative metabolic pathways of glucose (glycation, activation of protein kinase C, and polyol pathway). These biochemical alterations lead to hypoxia and oxidative stress due to the increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cellular response to hypoxia is controlled by hypoxia-induced factor 1 (HIF1), which is involved in the regulation of more than 800 genes. Target molecules of the HIF1 pathway participate in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, e.g. angiogenesis, energy metabolism, apoptosis, migration, and proliferation. DN is associated with the pathological tissue remodelling process, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inflammation. HIF1 regulates key molecules of these pathological processes. EMT is regulated by TGFß1, CTGF, and SOX9. The progression of inflammation is regulated by VEGFA and AngII. The exact role of HIF1 signalling in the development of DN is not yet fully understood. This thesis evaluates the functional role of the HIF1 signalling pathway in the development of DN using a global heterozygous mutant with the deletion of the Hif1α gene....
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