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Influence of Cadmium on its Metabolism and Changes of Content of Nutritionally Important Compounds in Spring Barley
Paznocht, L. ; Vodičková, H. ; Phuong, L. M. ; Nováková, Kateřina ; Zámečníková, B. ; Kotíková, Z. ; Miholová, D. ; Navrátil, Tomáš
Very important agriculture products are cereals, which significantly contributes to securing of human nutrient needs. Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal, which is readily taken up and accumulated by plants in spite of its harmful effects. This metal cause a stress for the plants and results in many morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical changes. The effect of cadmium on the plant metabolism and changes in the content of nutritionally important compounds (protein and some metals – Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn content) was investigated. Results shown, that cadmium was effectively retained in the roots and content of studied compounds was influenced by present of cadmium in nutrient medium. In all the parts of cadmium-treated seedlings decrease in the iron content and increase in the zinc content (except of the first leaves) and decrease in the manganese content was found. The copper content in the root tissue increased by 112.1 %, on the other hand a significant decrease (by 44.4 % and 40.9 % respectively) in the first and the second leaves was observed. In the experimental varieties with cadmium in the concentration of 10-5 mol L-1, the content of soluble proteins was determined statistically higher in the root and basal parts than in the controlled varieties.
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The cereals growing in ecological farming system
VESELÝ, Tomáš
In this work were compared differences between organic, transitional and conventional farming systems. Grain yields were compared, the amount of agricultural engineering and economics in a selected company Farma Otročín Ltd. In the years 2007-2014.
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BACHELOR THESIS Production of apple puree containing ß - glucans from barley
VRZÁKOVÁ, Miroslava
The bachelor thesis deals with the influence of food on our health, the so-called functional foods. To be named a functional food, the food must meet certain criteria. In addition to the fact that it should clearly contribute to the improvement of human health, it should be also a source of nutrients of natural origin. As an example in my work I chose apple puree with the addition of ß-glucan-protein concentrate isolated from barley, which fulfill the character of functional foods. - glucans decreases blood sugar levels of LDL cholesterol. It has been proved, that it promotes health and provides protection against some civilization diseases such as obesity. Result of this work is to design a simple utility model and an application example.
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Optimization of N-glycopeptides analysis methods and their preliminary application to barley proteins study
Benkovská, Dagmar ; Flodrová, Dana ; Bobálová, Janette ; Laštovičková, Markéta
N-glycosylation is the most frequently studied plant protein post-translational modification. The analysis of Nglycopeptides after protein proteolytic digestion offers information about the structure of both oligosaccharide and peptide moiety. However, this method has so far been less commonly used. Since glycopeptides hardly ionize during MS analysis in the presence of non-glycosylated peptides, they need to be separated from the complex peptide mixture. In this study, the glycopeptides enrichment, purification and analysis methods were successfully optimized on two standard N-glycoproteins. Concanavalin A (ConA) lectin tips were used for glycopeptide capturing, and obtained fractions were purified on carbon tips and analyzed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The differences in the CID fragmentation of certain types of glycopeptides were found. This technique was then applied to glycopeptide analysis of barley grain and malt proteins. Several barley glycopeptides were found, however, their identification was very difficult. More proteins separation techniques will be required before this enrichment procedure in further studies.
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Response of epidermal blue-green fluorescence emission from Barley leaves to uv radiation stress
Karlický, Václav ; Nezval, J. ; Štroch, Michal ; Špunda, Vladimír
Blue-green fl uorescence (BGF) is emitted by plant tissue when excited by UV radiation. Th e emission spectrum of BGF varies with plant species and is aff ected by the physiological status of the plant. BGF has been attributed mainly to cell wall-bound ferulic acid, although a contribution from fl avonoids and other simple phenols has also been suggested. Th e BGF signal is of interest due to its potential application in the remote sensing of plant stress: such techniques use ratios of blue and green to chlorophyll red and far-red fl uorescence emission intensities to estimate plant stress. In this work we investigated the response of BGF to UV-radiation stress and characterized changes in the shape of BGF emission spectra. We found these changes to be more signifi cant during the acclimation to UV-B radiation in comparison with UV-A or high irradiance of PAR. Furthermore, the spectral changes in BGF emission were due to a decline of fl uorescence at a wavelength of 435 nm compared with bands around 455 nm and 520 nm. In view of this, we have tried to distinguish individual fl uorescent components using more detailed fl uorescence analysis and to explain the causes of these spectral changes.
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Preconditioning under high par of exposure to UV-A radiation both allow acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus of barley transferred to UV-B radiation
Štroch, Michal ; Materová, Z. ; Vrábl, D. ; Šigut, Ladislav ; Špunda, Vladimír
The acclimation response of the barley photosynthetic apparatus was examined aft er transfer of plants grown under low and high PAR to common conditions both with the same PAR and acute dose of UV-A and/or UV-B radiation. The aim was to evaluate how PAR received during growth aff ects the induction of regulatory and protective mechanisms during UV exposure. Contrary to UV-B radiation, UV-A exposure of barley plants acclimated to low PAR had no negative impact on the function of photosynthetic apparatus. Th e UV-A spectral region we used (350–400 nm) can be eff ectively utilised in photosynthetic reactions, thus compensating low PAR. Th e presence of UV-A radiation during acclimation to simultaneous UVA and UVB treatment not only mitigated but completely eliminated any negative eff ect of UV-B radiation on the photosynthetic function. Th e eff ect of UV-A and UV-B exposure was similar in plants grown under high PAR – causing moderately enhanced photosystem II (PSII) photoinhibition. We proposed that the ability to accumulate a considerable amount of UVscreening compounds under high PAR itself contributes to the resistance of PSII to UV-B radiation.
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Evaluation of storage protein profiles modifications in barley (\kur{Hordeum vulgare} L.) grains during malting procedure using gel electrophoresis
BINDER, Richard
This bachelor thesis is focused on evaluation of storage protein profiles modifications in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grains during malting procedure using gel electrophoresis. It has been analyzed three varieties of spring barley. One nonmalting variety Herris and two malting varieties Radegast and Sebastien. There are significant proteolysis changes during the malting procedure. Theese changes of storage proteins were captured and evaluated by gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on the basis of changes in the molecular weight in the different phases of malting procedure. Next observation which has been done was the measurement of the thousand grain weight (TGW) before and after the malting procedure. Theese results have been evaluated by statistic program.
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Critical evaluation of potential of harvested product proteins in selected crops from perspective of their use in food and biotechnological applications
BUCKOVÁ, Pavlína
This diploma thesis deals with plant proteins. Literary review discusses the properties of the major proteins in selected agricultural crops (wheat, barley, oats, corn, peas, soybeans, canola, potato, Jerusalem artichoke) and their use in food, diet, biotechnology and other industries. The diploma thesis was also assessing the potential production of proteins in these crops on the basis of literature and available statistical data. Data is organized into tables and graphs
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Evaluation of Chemical and Technological Properties of Grain and Milling Franctions of Hulless Barley for Bakery Use
Vaculová, Kateřina ; Balounová, Marta ; Jirsa, Ondřej ; Sedláčková, Irena
Wider use of barley with great food potential due to its high nutritional value of grain is constrained by lack of knowledge about the functionality of barley grain components in terms of processing and food products development. Selected genotypes of hulless spring barley (cv. AF Lucius, lines KM 2084, KM 2283, KM 1057 and genetic resource Nudimelanocrithon) were examined for chemical composition (crude protein, starch, β-glucans, macro-minerals) and breadmaking properties of grain and grain milling fractions (flour, semolina, bran). Differences in chemical composition of genotypes reflected in both the yield and rheological properties of individual milling fractions, measured with farinograph and extensograph. The addition of barley flour (15-30%) or barley semolina and bran (10 and 20%) to standard wheat flour reflected in different rheological properties depending on a barley genotype. The farinograph parameters largely varied in individual materials, however, the percentage of barley fractions in the mixture did not affect the values considerably. In comparison with standard wheat flour, values of extensograph parameters were low (especially for energy and extensibility) in all barley samples studied. However, they were affected by both the proportion of barley fraction and its interaction with a rest period. When the rest period was longer (90 min), even higher additions of semolina or bran (especially in cv. AF Lucius) were technologically acceptable.
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