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The influence of human security in the process of legalisation and legitimisation of humanitarian intervention
Gřešák, Martin ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
1 Abstract Humanitarian intervention is one of the most contentious issues of contemporary international politics. The roots of the concept of humanitarian intervention can be traced back to the just war theory. Having examined the practice of states, I lean towards the opinion that the international custom legalizing humanitarian intervention has not fully crystallized. Although the realist school comes up with a few very convincing points, I think that the Charter of the United Nations, as it stands now, does not allow to carry out a humanitarian intervention. The International Court of Justice case law does not consider humanitarian intervention legal. The concept of human security became one of the fundamental sources of legitimization of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine. It also served as one of the principles, upon which the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty had built the doctrine of The Responsibility to Protect. The principles of the Responsibility to Protect doctrine were passed by the UN General Assembly at the 2005 World Summit. A year later, these principles were referred to in a Security Council resolution on the protection of civilians in armed conflict. Although the United Nations General Assembly resolutions are not legally binding, their come from the fact...
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Security Policy of the EU towards the Maghreb: Promoting Democracy or Stability?
Holík, Jiří ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
This graduate thesis analyses the EU security policy towards the Maghreb between 2005 and 2010. It does so in order to ascertain to what extent the level of practical policy corresponds with the level of declarations. Also, by using the promotion of democratic governance in the Maghreb countries under the ENP as s case study, the thesis means to challenge the proposition that European Union can be described as a 'Normative Power'. First chapter briefly presents the concept of 'Normative Power Europe'. Following section looks at the European Security Strategy and localizes the primary position of the goal of democracy promotion in the document. Third part gives an overview of the European policy towards the Mediterranean under which EU relations with the Maghreb have been framed. Most attention is paid to the European Neighbourhood Policy. Next chapter examines the level of practical EU policy. It consists of three separate case studies of European policy towards Tunisia, Morocco and Libya between 2005 and 2010. The fifth and final part qualitatively analyses the way four factors (trade, energy, migration and terrorism) contributed to the structuring of relations of Tunisia, Morocco and Libya with Spain, France and Italy. The thesis arrives at the conclusion that while at the declaratory level the EU strives...
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Uprising in Libya: "The Al-Jazeera Effect"
Hanzal, Jaromír ; Nečas, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Bednařík, Petr (referee)
The bachelor thesis Uprising in Libya: "The Al-Jazeera Effect" uses a quantitative analysis to examine the relationship the Czech printed media has towards the Arab news network Al Jazeera. The preliminary theoretical part is divided into three sections. In the first section, the author presents Al Jazeera as an important actor in the regional and global television news market. The second section summarizes the findings about two interesting phenomenons that aren't unanimously accepted by academic literature - the so called "CNN effect" and the "Al Jazeera effect". The third section then reflects on the current quantitative research that deals with Al Jazeera's news coverage. The core of this thesis rests solely on the quantitative research. The author focused on key events that could be expected to increase the references to the Al Jazeera network. Therefore, the thesis examined two twelve month periods in which international news outlets informed of the events related to the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11th 2001, and of the development of anti-regime uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa collectively labeled as the Arab Spring in 2011. The ten-year gap in between these two periods has given the author a chance to focus particularly on the change in the...
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Leishmania tropica in Mediterranean
Peštová, Jitka ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
In recent years new foci of Leishmania tropica appeared in the Mediterranean states of Northern Africa. While L. tropica was isolated from humans, dogs and sand fly species Phlebotomus sergenti in Morocco and from humans and gerbils (Gerbilus pyramidum floweri) in Egypt; in Tunisia, Algeria and Lybia the parasite was isolated from humans only. In the last three mentioned states, only L. tropica referred as Leishmania killicki is present. In most of the L. tropica foci in the Mediterranean countries of Northern Africa transmission mode was not determined. It is unknown whether the cycle of L. tropica is anthroponotic or zoonotic and what is reservoir and vector. In Morocco and Egypt, the most probable vector is P. sergenti only, while in Tunisia, Algeria and Lybia the vectors could be also P. (Paraphlebotomus) riouxi, P. (Paraphlebotomus) chabaudi, P. (Paraphlebotomus) alexandri or P. (Larroussius) perniciosus. Considering the rural distribution and sporadic occurence of L. killicki cases, the parasite is presumed to have a zoonotic cycle and its reservoir host could possibly be Ctenodactylus gundi, which is relatively abundant in L. kilicki foci.
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Future groundwater development in the Jifarah Plain, Libya
Elgzeli, Yousef Mohamed ; Krásný, Jiří (advisor) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee) ; Matula, Svatopluk (referee)
Libya as many other regions under arid climates suffer from inadequate water resources to cover all the needs of this rapidly developing country. Increasing water amounts for population supply, agricultural irrigation and use for industry are needed. As groundwater is the main water source in the country it represents a natural resource of the highest economic and social importance. Conceptual and numerical models were implemented in a regional scale to show how the natural situation has been changed after heavy groundwater abstraction having occurred in the last decades in the northwestern part of Libya. Results of the numerical model indicated that the current zones of depression in piezometric surface could have been caused by smaller withdrawn amounts than previously estimated. Indicated differences in assessed withdrawn groundwater volumes seem to be quite high and might influence considerably the future possibilities of groundwater use in the study region. 6
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Responsibility to Protect and Regime Change: Case of Libya
Koucká, Kateřina ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyze the relationship between R2P and violent regime change. The work gives an overview of the establishment of R2P on the international scene, and then deals with its problem of selectivity in its application in practice. Despite the formal adoption of R2P in 2005 by all UN member states, R2P has been since then applied to similar cases of humanitarian crises in different ways. The problem of selectivity of R2P is fuelling the criticism of its legitimacy, because it is according to many a mean for achieving regime change. The most important reason for R2P's criticism is the connection between R2P and violent regime change, and that is the central theme of this work. Based on an analysis of the documents which form R2P, the work concludes that military intervention under R2P must not be deliberately used for regime change. However, there may be situations, when regime change is necessary for the protection of civilians; which means that regime change can be regarded as legitimate only if it is as an indirect result of the intervention. Therefore regime change is an integral part of R2P. The work aims to explore this ambivalent relationship and find out, where lies the boundary between legitimate overthrowing of a régime for the protection of civilians, and regime...
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Foreign direct investments and its Impact on Unemployment – Case Study of Libya
Eldeeb, Osama Ali ; Maitah, Mansoor (advisor) ; Jana, Jana (referee)
Developing countries need to develop their economies and one of the most important issues related to this development is capital accumulation. Capital accumulation is no longer an easy task even for developed countries. Developing Countries have many difficulties with income generation and employment creation. There are two ways how to solve such crucial issues, even borrow finance which is expensive way or attract foreign direct investments. The new Libyan government declared its intention to develop the economy and involve it in the international economy in order to reach entire economic development. This thesis examines and explores the Libyan doing business conditions in relation to foreign direct investments in all economic sectors.
The most important task of this thesis is to quantify the inflow of foreign direct investments and its impact on employment in Libya, their impact on economic growth and the impact of foreign direct investments on exports volumes. The thesis will attempt to evaluate the benefits of foreign direct investments to Libyan economy. The research examines whether they bring benefits such as the transfer of know-how, the transfer of new technologies, the introduction of new procedures and the improvement of labor force. In addition the research attempts to evaluate whether Libyan business environment is appropriate to attract foreign direct investments. The thesis conclusions will contain recommendations regarding the implemented policies and procedures which can be beneficial in improving the business environment which enables the attraction of additional foreign direct investments.
The main aim of this thesis is to examine the impact of foreign direct investments on employment in Libya and to fulfill this aim there is a need to identify the main determinants that determine the evolution of employment and jobs creation in Libyan economy. Based on these calculations and conclusions of the research, certain economic measures and recommendations will be suggested. The contribution of the dissertation should therefore be based on econometric techniques that we will be able to discover the scope and potential opportunities for economic and employment policies in Libya.
The study also revealed that there are many challenges facing policy makers in order to reform the business environment to make it more attractive for foreign direct investments.
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Nuclear proliferation risk: Analysis of the selected countries
Látalová, Lenka
The understanding of motives which lead the states to the decision of nuclear procurement represents the fundamental task to stop or at least limit the nuclear proliferation. This diploma thesis primarily focuses on analysing the proliferative motives of the selected countries: Iran, Syria and Libya with intention to predict if the states could pose a threat in the future. Text is divided into three main parts. After general introduction of the the topic and description of essential terms, the diploma thesis analyses the nuclear capability of the selected countries and with the help of Sagan's theoretical aproach also possible motives of the states to build a nuclear weapon. Suggesting part then deals with the answer of the questions: Are Sagan's models helpful in assessing the state's intentions? Does the selected countries intend to develop nuclear weapons? Could they pose a threat in the future?
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Death of Muammar Gaddafi and its international legal and political circumstances
Vokálek, Martin ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (advisor) ; Hlavsová, Aneta (referee)
The thesis deals with the events that predated the death of Muammar Gaddafi and particularly examines whether the subsequent reactions of the persons involved were in accordance with international law. The essence of a war crime and its definition in terms of international law is researched in the theoretical part of the thesis. Further tackled is the perspective of both the main actors of the conflict and the main institutions active in the field of international law, such as the UN or the International Criminal Court. The author subsequently describes and analyses the main circumstances in which the long-time leader of Libya Muammar Gaddafi died. On the basis of prior examination of the issue the thesis tries to answer the question of whether this case can be described as a war crime for which punishment should fall. The third part examines the reactions of the main actors who were influenced in the Libyan civil war. Of importanance is also the subsequent analysis of how was this incident reported in the media.
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