|
|
Selected aspects of autumn migration of birds and bats over a mountain pass
Koukolíková, Anna ; Lučan, Radek (advisor) ; Cepák, Jaroslav (referee)
Mountain passes situated in mountains of east-western orientation serve as important bird and bat migration corridors. Due to the increased concentration of migranting individuals in both groups, mountain passes can be used to study various aspects of migratory ecology. Within the Czech Republic, the most important site of this type is Červenohorské sedlo in Jeseníky. In this thesis, selected aspects of autumn migration (composition of the migratory population, phenology, factors influencing its intensity) of birds and bats during the autumn season were compared. In addition, data usability was compared for a reliable determination of autumn phenology in selected model bird species based. The comparison was between standardized mist netting in the mountains and set of data obtained from faunistic observations throughout the Czech Republic. Data from mountain mist netting has proven to be a more reliable indicator of the timing of bird migration, mainly because most species fly directly and quickly over the mountains, while in low-level observations there is a risk of mixinglocal and migratory populations. Also the number of observed individuals in some cases reflects the interest in extreme late occurrences in many species, which are generally given more attention and are more frequently recorded...
|
|
|
Use of environmental DNA for detection of aquatic invertebrates
Bílek, Marek ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Černý, Martin (referee)
Environmental DNA is released genetical information from the individual to the environment. Especially in the aquatic environment, the amount of detectable DNA is sufficient to prove or refute the presence of a target organism. The method of taking samples from an aquatic environment and working with DNA is constantly evolving and bringing new insights. Especially in the area of aquatic vertebrates, very good results are found. Especially in actual researches results often correspond to reality more than traditional methods of capture. In contrast, research of an aquatic invertebrates by detection of eDNA is overlooked, especially because of eDNA production by invertebrates, which is generally much lowerthan fish andamphibians production. In this case the largest amount of eDNA is released in the form of mucus. In this work I focus on properties of eDNA in the aquatic environment, biotic and abiotic factors that affect the durability of detectable DNA. I also mention the production of DNA of aquatic invertebrates, the possibilities of collection and the laboratory procedures of its processing, I compare the different approaches of the scientific teams in the referenced research and draw attention to the most frequent problems. At the end of the thesis I compare the results of the current research...
|
|
|
Activity of Invertebrates in Winter and the Verification of the Selected Invertebrates Capturing Methods During the Winter Season
Babůrek, Jan ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on invertebrates' survival and activity during winter; and on methods of their capture. The first part of the theoretical section describes principles of cold hardiness, strategies of winter survival and activity in snow environment. Furthermore, different methods of invertebrates capturing are presented. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the verification of selected invertebrates capturing methods during winter. The results summarize the differences in the diversity and quantity of animals caught; and provide an overview and characteristics of selected captured taxa. Suggestions for a snow fauna excursion and a practical exercise focused on capturing invertebrates during winter are proposed based on the results of the study. KEYWORDS cold hardiness, winter survival, winter activity, snow fauna, invertebrate animals, catching methods, pitfall traps
|
|
|
Possible ways to deal with pigeon population problem in Czech towns
Trnková, Karla ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Vandrovcová, Tereza (referee)
The thesis addresses issues related to the overbred population of feral pigeons (Columbia livia forma Domestica) in Czech towns. It approaches the subject from procedural, bureaucratic perspective. Specifically, the thesis examines the factors which affect the selection of methods of the feral pigeons' population regulation in four Czech towns: Special attention is devoted to the question whether the method of controlled city dovecotes, used to regulate pigeon populations, could come in useful in the Czech context. Research carried out for the thesis is qualitative; the data comes from semi-structured interviews with experts. Analysis of the collected data focuses on verification of authenticity of the provided information. Subsequently, effectiveness of cage entrapment, which considerably prevails over the other methods used, is considered in ethical, ecological, and economic respect. The thesis also surveys the health risk posed by the feral pigeon population to public and how views of the public concerning the issue affect the regulation process. The overall aim is to highlight the drawbacks of the decision making process, offer possible alternatives, and prompt more research.
|
|
|
Lepidoptera Community of the Woodland Complex Loučany near Klatovy
Rendlová, Veronika ; Heřman, Petr (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
This thesis is focused on faunistic survey of Macrolepidoptera in Loučany (foothills of the Šumava Mts, Czech Republic). The research, involving different capture methods, proceeded from April to November 2015 on given transect and several other habitats. Based on the results (including partial data from 2013 and the last two decades of the 20th century), an inventory of identified species of Macrolepidoptera was made. Altogether 205 species from 16 families were found in Loučany. The most important species are for example the Black-veined White (Aporia crataegi), High Brown Fritillary (Argynnis adippe), Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Boloria euphrosyne), Purple Emperor (Apatura iris), Spruce Carpet (Thera britannica) and Sandy Carpet (Perizoma affinitata). The environmental parameters of experimental sites were noticed during research and the habitat preferences of species were analysed using specialized literature. Altogether 186 species (90,7 % of all identified species) are linked to some kind of woodland habitat. To support present biodiversity of the community of Macrolepidoptera, it is necessary to practice a suitable woodland management, conserving mosaicity and open canopy. Key words: Lepidoptera, species diversity, Czech Republic, Klatovy area, conservation, woodland management
|
|
|
Oxidative stress and condition-dependence of ornamental signals of quality in socially monogamous songbird
Valášek, Stanislav ; Tomášek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
6 ABSTRACT Conditional ornaments plays irreplaceable role in sexual selection in non-small part of by sexual reproduction reproducing animals. Fastidiousness of generating and later also carrying of these ornaments which show condition of their wearer, burdens also metabolism in non-small scale. This thesis tests hypothesis of mutual addiction between conditional ornaments, as the indicators of qualities of individuals and metabolism, as the most significant source of free radicals which are responsible for oxidative stress. The real weight of influence of ornament fastidiousness on organism, resp. on redox state, is tested in this thesis. Manipulations which were performed with individual males of model species should point how much the selected factors correlate each other. The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) is the model species. Analyses of dates collected during trapping which were realized in breeding seasons in 2012 and 2013 does not show any important trends between observing variables. This fact is confirmed by minimal differences and inconsistent variability of levels of measured antioxidants - oxidoreductases, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The marginal effect of manipulations with one of the conditional ornaments which are presented in model species supports the hypothesis of...
|
|
|
Local dispersal of Golden-ringed dragonfly Cordulegaster boltonii
Hančíková, Barbora ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Dolný, Aleš (referee)
We carried out a pilot study of local dispersion and patterns of movement of Golden- ringed dragonfly Cordulegaster boltonii (Odonata: Cordulegasteridae). Cordulegasteridae is a family with many primitive traits present and rather restricted geographical distribution ranges (at least among European species). Their migration seems to be limited despite the body size that predetermines them to high mobility over large spatial scale. Linear habitat (upper parts of narrow forest streams) specialisation along with behavioural ecology (peculiar premating habit of scanning streams for females) is a unique life history, which bring lot of questions. We collected mark-release-recapture data during two adult flight seasons in year 2010 and 2011. We were simultaneously capturing patrolling males along three separate streams (Dračice, Koštěnický and Struha) in total length of 9.9 km in, located in the Natural park Česká Kanada, in the Southern Czech Republic. We captured and marked 440 individuals and recorded 113 recapture events (26 % recapture rate) in year 2010 and 355 individuals were marked, 171 recapture events made (48 % recapture rate) in 2011. Our data suggested high level of stream fidelity (only 10 inter stream dispersal events, 2.8 % dispersal rate). What was as well reflected in a closeness of...
|
|
|
Effect of breeding fidelity on reproductive sukccess of diving ducks
Kejzlarová, Tereza ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
Breeding site fidelity and its effect on reproductive success was investigated in two diving ducks species, i.e. Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) and Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula) in the Trebon region and the surroundings using caught and individually marked females, searching for nests, and monitoring of marked individuals and its broods. In both studied species, the fidelity ratio (apparent survival, MARK software) was around 65 %. Evaluating the influencing factors, impact of previous reproductive success in the phase of rearing ducklings was found to be the only one statistically significant factor. Furthermore, we compared reproductive parameters (i.e clutch size, laying date, reproductive success) in the first and subsequent year of study. The statistically significant relationship was found between the timing of nesting in the first and in any subsequent year in the Tufted Duck . When comparing the reproductive success in relation to hatched or unhatched clutches and reared or not reared ducklings, we do not confirm any significant shift. Successful females were not able to improve or even repeat their reproductive success in the following years, which could result in subsequent lower degree of fidelity. Subsequently, there is a female dispersion and reduction of the reproductive success of...
|
|
|
Reference vocalization in African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus)
Brojerová, Jana ; Lindová, Jitka (advisor) ; Policht, Richard (referee)
The ability to communicate referentially has been historically viewed as being uniquelly human. However, with the increasing amount of studies discussing the communicative faculty of animals in the context of the evolution of human language, there is now growing evidence that this ability is present in many animal species, too. Although we know a lot about mimetic abilities of domesticated African grey parrots' (Psittacus erithacus) and their competence to use human words in a referential way, we know very little about the elements of referentiality in their natural vocalization. Our goal in this work was to find, whether and in which context is functionally referential vocalization in this species of birds present. We were determining its presence by the experiment, in which we have exposed four captured African grey parrot, in the ownership of FHS UK Prague, to stimuli that in other animal species usually elicit functionally referential vocalization: predators and prefered type of food. We analysed the behaviour and vocalizations of the tested birds by analytic softwares Interact, respectively Soundforge 0.8. We find out, that despite the fact that birds reaponded to our experimental objects appropriatelly (i.e. "predators" caused more fear and the like), they give the major amout of...
|
|
|
Application of acid proteases from nepenthes in hydrogen/deuterium exchange.
Darebná, Petra ; Man, Petr (advisor) ; Stráňava, Martin (referee)
Application of acid proteases from Nepenthes in hydrogen/deuterium exchange Petra Darebná (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic) Nepenthes are mostly found in Borneo and Sumatra. They are one of a few carnivorous plants which produce its own proteolytic enzymes (nepenthesin I and nepenthesin II), which provide an alternative source of nitrogen and other nutrients in case that these plants grow in a soil which lacks such nutrients. These aspartate proteases are capable of proteolysis at a very low pH of a digestive gastrovascular cavity fluid after catching insects and in a cooperation with other proteins participating in digestion process. Processing of a digestive fluid, isolated from a digestive gastrovascular cavities of carnivorous plants of the Nepenthes genus and its possible application as a tool in a protein study using hydrogen/deuterium exchange were done in this thesis. Isolates of the digestive fluids were purified from coarse-grained impurities by centrifugation, activated by acidification and concentrated by ultrafiltration. The amount of proteins and their protein profile were monitored and an activity of acidic proteases was determined by enzymatic assay. Consequently, using LC-MS/MS and model proteins, the cleavage preferences...
|
guest ::
