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Pregnant in Lima: female body, social stratification and urban space
Přibyláková, Martina ; Brož, Luděk (advisor) ; Sokolová, Věra (referee) ; Hrešanová, Ema (referee)
How is the experience of pregnancy in a patriarchal society shaped by pregnant women's socioeconomic status? So far, qualitative studies have primarily focused on the effect of socioeconomic status in healthcare, and unintended conception in poor adolescents. Based on a 17-month comparative ethnography conducted in Lima, the hyper-stratified capital of Peru, this dissertation addresses experiences of women of different socioeconomic dispositions including conception, abortion, and (inter)personal lived pregnancy experience. The dissertation employs the concept of reproductive habitus to reflect on the differing classed and gendered dispositions in women of different socioeconomic statuses as an embodiment of institutions: the institution of patriarchy and healthcare institutions. The dissertation identifies status-related reproductive dispositions/differences in forming pregnancy experience in four areas: (i) in women's conception circumstances primarily in terms of pregnancy (non)intentionality, women's childbearing age span, relationship status (integrity), and male partner (non)abandonment (desertion). Socioeconomically differing conception circumstances produce psycho-physiologically different human subjects. (ii) Women's reproductive habitus is expressed in women's possibilities of safe...
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The influence of selected factors on the method of childbirth and perineal lacerations
Jančíková, Barbora ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Šimják, Patrik (referee)
This bachelor's thesis describes if selected factors influence the method of childbirth and injuries during childbirth. These factors are the mother's BMI before pregnancy, the number of births to date, mother's age and the weight of the fetus. The data in the practical part are collected from the NIS MEDEA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Apolinářská 18, Prague 2, Czech Republic. The theoretical part of the work focuses on the general anatomy of the female pelvis, and describes the types of perineal lacerations and surgical vaginal births and their risks. Key words: labour, pregnancy, perineal lacerations, cesarian section, operational vaginal birth, pelvic anatomy, pelvic floor
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Childbirth in the home environment
Kortánová, Denisa ; Šmatláková, Lenka (advisor) ; Šimůnková, Jana (referee)
The Bachelor's thesis Childbirth in the home environment deals with births outside a health care facility. The theoretical part describes the birth as such, including the different variants of preparation, through the different birth times and the people who can accompany the woman to the birth. Subsequently, the bachelor thesis discusses obstetric care in a health care facility and at home, the individual experiences of women in this issue, and the advantages, disadvantages, and possible complications of home and maternity care. At the end of the theoretical part of the thesis, it mentions some legislative information and, last but not least, provides information on the differences in obstetric care in different countries. At the end of the theoretical part, selected studies and statistics on similar topics are mentioned for completeness. The main aim of the thesis was to find out why women prefer home births to hospital births and whether they are aware of the possible risks. For the practical part of the thesis, I designed two questionnaires which were distributed through social networking sites to suitable respondents. Keywords: birth, homebirth, natural childbirth, alternative birth, complications during parturition, midwife
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Prenatal yoga and childbirth
Slabochová, Barbora ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Syrová, Hana (referee)
The purpose of the bachelor thesis entitled "Gravid Yoga and Childbirth." is to evaluate the benefits of gravid yoga on the course of pregnancy and childbirth. The thesis has a theoretical part where I first discuss the physical activity as such and why it is important for us. We will talk about yoga as a whole. I also mention the different styles of yoga and what is characteristic for them, as the research part deals with the styles of yoga in women practitioners. I then discuss trimester by trimester with individual recommendations and contraindications within pregnancy. I also discuss basic breathing and relaxation techniques that can be beneficial in preparation for birth as well as in the birth itself. The research portion then focuses directly on an anonymous questionnaire where I collect data from 103 women practicing gravid yoga. For my research, I set myself a total of 5 objectives, namely to find out whether pregnant women think yoga has an impact on their fitness during pregnancy and on the course of labour. Also to find out whether women think yoga has an effect on back and lower back pain. The third aim is to find out how many women practiced yoga before pregnancy. The penultimate and fourth objective of my research is about the reason for starting gravid yoga. And the last objective...
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The influence of gestational diabetes mellitus on managememt and course of labour
Martináková, Kristýna ; Anderlová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Šimják, Patrik (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with gestational diabetes and its influence on the management and course of labour and early neonatal adaptation. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common perinatal complications that poses risks to both mother and fetus. The fetus is particularly at risk for diabetic fetopathy with macrosomia, which can be a complication during the labour. Depending on the compensation of diabetes and the birth weight of the baby, the mother is at risk of more severe birth injuries. The aim of this study was to determine whether gestational diabetes has an effect on the management and course of labour compared to women without diabetes. We also attempted to clarify whether mothers with gestational diabetes suffer more extensive perineal lacerations, whether the average birth weight of newborns of mothers with GDM is higher, and whether GDM is associated with poorer postpartum adaptation. These objectives were complemented by 3 hypotheses that helped to meet the stated objectives. The research part of the study consisted in retrospective collection of patient data from the MEDEA system at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Medical Faculty of Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague. The data were collected from November 2021 to...
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Premature birth as a cause of communication disabilities
Šonská, Adéla ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Korandová, Zuzana (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of a speech therapy. It deals with premature birth in connection with communication disorder. The first part describes premature birth, mental, motor and speech development of premature babies which will be compared with the development of intact children. The diploma thesis also analyzes level and possibilities of care for premature babies with communication disorder. The second part deals with case studies and interviews using qualitative research methods. The research involved respondents aged 4 to 6 years who were born before the 34th week of pregnancy and their parents. Key words: premature birth, giving birth, low birth weight, prematurity, pregnancy, speech therapy, speech development, communication disorder, speech therapy intervention
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Perinatal Phase of Ontogenesis - Variability and Complications
Netušilová, Nikola ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals mainly with obstetric complications, with a part dedicated to the so- called cephalopelvic disproportion. The theoretical part of the thesis gives the reader a comprehensive overview of childbirth and its course. In the introduction, childbirth is defined in general terms, followed by a description of the different components of childbirth, and then a description of the time of delivery. Finally, the theoretical part is devoted to the definition of the cephalopelvic disproportion. The anatomy of the pelvis and fetal head is mentioned in relation to this complication. Furthermore, the major risk factors that usually condition the development of this disproportion are described. The practical part is carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey. Based on the questionnaire, the most common risk factors were identified, the possible occurrence of cephalopelvic disproportion was mapped and it was also investigated whether the participants are sufficiently informed about the possible occurrence of this complication. Adequate information is very important in the context of obstetric complications. Basic information and diagnoses are necessary to ensure that the woman is advised to have a birth that does not endanger herself or her foetus. It is clear from the survey results...
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Birth of a Child - Rituals, Customs
Hokeová, Lucie ; Dvořáková, Markéta (advisor) ; Kubišová, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the birth of a child in the Czech family and society in the nineties of the twentieth century and at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The chapters and the subchapters are concerned with the periods connected with the birth of a child and are aimed at rituals, customs and activities connected with coming of a new life to the world. The thesis is divided into three main parts, pregnancy, childbirth and post-natal period. In the part Pregnancy we will look at how awaiting of a new life is reflected in the language, superstitions and various practices and what is necessary to do before the birth of a child, we will especially focus on the choice of a name and surname. In this part we can find the chapter on the preference for the sex of a child and on the values which the Czech society connects with a child. In the second part Childbirth we will look at the perception of childbirth as pain, at the course of childbirth and at the first things which are necessary to do after the birth of a child. The chapters on maternity, fatherhood and family were also put to this part since the birth of a child creates a new, lifelong relationship between a child and his/her parents. In the last part Post-natal period we will focus on creating of a social identity of a child,...
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Motherhood of Women with Heavy Visual Disability
Viktorová, Šárka ; Mužáková, Monika (advisor) ; Květoňová, Lea (referee)
In my work, I deal with motherhood from the perspective of mothers with severe visual impairment. I focused especially on parenthood planning, on the period of pregnancy, childbirth and stay in the maternity ward and on the care for the child from birth to the age of three. I was interested to find out, whether visually impaired mothers encounter prejudices on part of the well-sighted people, whether they were worried that they could give birth to a handicapped child, what are the difficulties that severely visually impaired mothers come across most often in the individual period of development of the child, if and how education of children is different from the perspective of visually impaired parents from the perspective of well-sighted parents and also whether the child growing up in a family with at least one visually impaired parent is deprived of something or whether, on the contrary, this family situation has any advantages for such child. The objective of my diploma thesis is to map out various aspects of life of visually impaired mothers with small children in the greatest detail, directly from the point of view of those women. I attempted to achieve this objective by means of a qualitative method research, in particular in the form of a structured interview with six visually impaired mothers.
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