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Ecophysiological relevance of extreme sensitivity of orchids to nitrates
Figura, Tomáš ; Ponert, Jan (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Many orchid species are seriously endangered at present. Reasons for their disappearing from natural habitats remain often unclear. Orchids depend on mycorrhizal symbiosis in nature, however only little is known about this symbiosis. Seeds of some species do not germinate in vitro, making their cultivation for scientific and rescue purposes impossible. We found that seed germination of one of such reluctant species, Pseudorchis albida, is strongly inhibited by nitrates even at extremely low concentrations. As this species prefers oligotrophic mountain meadows, nitrate-induced inhibition probably take place in natural conditions. Surprisingly, we found similar but slightly weaker inhibitory effect also in typical mesophillic species and even in slightly eutrophic ones. The sensitivity to nitrates correlates with trophy level of species canopy. This inhibitory effect of nitrates could be weakened by application of a range of growth regulators, including auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, and also by mycorrhizal fungi. The action of nitratereductase is essential for this inhibitory effect of nitrates. Experiments with NO donors, scavengers, and NO quantification are pointing right at NO as compound which perhaps mediates nitrate inhibitory effect. Based on these results, the nitrate inhibitory...
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Scottish National Party and its position after 1999
Bielawski, Adam ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "Scottish National Party and its position after 1999" discusses the development and status of the Scottish National Party since its foundation in 1934 with emphasis on period after the emergence of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. The thesis is focused on the position of the party in political systems of the United Kingdom and Scotland and its efforts to enforce the primary goal of Scottish independence. The basic measures of party's success are election results and participation in decision-making. The author examines the factors influencing the overal image of the party such as ideology, internal situation, party leader, etc. Study of the party documents, such as election manifestos and government programs, is important part of the paper. The last chapter is about independence referendum, which was held in September 2014. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The use of DNA analysis in kinship studies and investigation of distant biological relationship of people
Červená, Tereza ; Šimková, Halina (advisor) ; Korabečná, Marie (referee)
AJ The thesis deals with the possibilities and problems of DNA analysis in its use in kinship studies and investigation of distant biological relationship of people. It presents a summary of useful DNA markers with a focus on linking autosomal markers and lineage markers - mtDNA and Y-STR; characterizes the typical heredity of individual types of markers and explains the basic principles of interpretation of their analysis. The research also deals with computer software exploited in statistical calculations; case studies, specific examples of the use of DNA analysis in kinship studies and investigation of distant biological relationship of people are also included at the final section. Key words DNA analysis, genealogy, kinship study, STR, SNP, DNA marker
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Interaction of selected anthocyanidins with farnesoid X receptor
Jeřábková, Jana ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Jana Jeřábková Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Interaction of selected anthocyanidins with farnesoid X receptor Human farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. FXR binds to specific regulatory DNA regions and induces expression of many target genes. These regulated genes are involved in bile acid metabolism and transport, maintaining blood lipids, liporoteins and glucose homeostasis and also contribute to maintain intestinal bacterial balance, hepatoprotection and liver regeneration. The interest of recent studies is to test the range of FXR ligands for treatment and prevention of many diseases such as cholestais, cholesterol gallstone disease, steato-hepatitis, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, liver cancer and other forms of cancer such as breast cancer. In this experimental diploma thesis we are focused on testing of potencial ligands of human farnesoid X receptor from the group of natural plant pigments anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and petunidin) using the human hepatoma cell line...
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Role of polymorphic DNA markers in personal identification and determination of selected phenotypic traits
Zidkova, Anastassiya ; Korabečná, Marie (advisor) ; Drábek, Jiří (referee) ; Hradil, Roman (referee)
Nowadays intensive research is conducted for application of genetic polymorphisms for degraded samples analysis, identification and kinship determination. Another area of research in forensic genetics is biogeographical and phenotypic traits (eye, hair and skin color) determination. First part of presented work dealt with population study on the Czech popu- lation using Investigator DIPplex (QIAGEN, Germany) marker set containing 30 autosomal insertion-deletion polymorphisms. Power of Discrimination (PD), which is the probability of random selection of two persons with different genotypes, was 99.9999999999% for the whole marker set. This part of study concluded that ana- lyzed marker set is suitable as an additional marker panel for identification and kinship determination in the Czech Republic. Second part of the presented study was devoted to population research of Cen- tral Croatia using Mentype Argus X-8 kit (QIAGEN, Germany) containing 8 short tandem repeat polymorhisms located on X choromosomes (X-STR) divided into 4 linkage groups. PD for the whole kit reached 99.9999% and 99.99999999% for males and females, respectively. This kit could be used in Central Croatian population for kinship analysis and for identification as an additional marker panel. The next part of the presented study was the...
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Asociace polymorfizmu kandidátních genů s masnou užitkovostí skotu
PŮBAL, Václav
Molecular genetic research has a very dynamic development, and also genetically based economic production traits of domestic animals and plants are in the spotlight of researchers and breeders. This paper summarizes an actual overview on the field of candidate genes and their SNP associations with beef quality and yield, with their short description, resulting assigning the genes for practical breeding. There were described 10 genes: CAST (calpastatin), PLAG1 (pleomorphic adenoma gene), ANK1 (ankyrin 1), FABP4 (fatty acid binding protein 4), FASN (fatty acid synthase), SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase), LEP (leptin), MSTN (myostatin), IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) and TG (thyroglobulin).
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The role of genetics in the pathogenesis of \kur{diabetes mellitus}
BRÁZDOVÁ, Sára
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, which is caused by enrivonmental and genetic factors. This disease is characterised by elevated glucose levels in the blood. Diabetes is divided into two main types. Diabetes type I. is the autoimmune reaction of the organism. It's genetic predisposition is mainly based on the HLA complex II. class. Diabetes type II. is represented by impaired insulin secretion or action. Genetic predisposition of this type is very various.
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Genetic factors affecting course of selected forms of nephrotic syndrome
Šafaříková, Markéta ; Štekrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Král, Jiří (referee)
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by proteinuria, hypalbuminemia and edemas. It occurs during first and second glomerulopathies. This disease can be divided into two groups: primary (idiopathic) and secondary. The heredity of the familial nephrotic syndrome is autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive. There are four most important genes that condition the formation of hereditary nephrotic syndrome in adult patienst. These genes are ACTN4, CD2AP, NPHS2 and TRPC6. The gene ACTN4, which encodes protein α-actinin 4, is responsible for the autosomal dominant form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). FSGS is included in first glomerulopathies. α-Actinin 4 was also researched for some types of carcinomas. There was performed the mutational analysis of the gene ACTN4 on the set of 48 patients with nephrotic syndrome in this diploma thesis. High resolution melting (HRM) analysis and sequencing selected samples were used during this mutation detection. During this process many published and unpublished SNPs and one unpublished candidate mutation that could have causal associations with FSGS were found.
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Clinical significance of cytokine gene polymorphism
Kolesár, Libor ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee) ; Mrázek, František (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Studijní program: Doktorský studijní program v biomedicíně Studijní obor: Imunologie Mgr. Libor Kolesár Klinický význam polymorfismu cytokinových genů Clinical significance of cytokine gene polymorphism Disertační práce Vedoucí závěrečné práce/Školitel: Prof. MUDr. Ilja Stříž, CSc Praha 2012 Abstract The human genome is full of different sequence variants. They are different mainly in size but also in their influence on phenotype. The smallest unit of genetic polymorphism is single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). SNPs represent a single nucleotide change between two alleles and might affect the gene expression. We have studied SNPs in three distinct fields as: (1) marker of risky patients after the organ transplantation, (2) diagnostic marker of patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) or (3) with uterine fibroid (UF). We have come to the following results. Ethnicity or even nationality plays a role in the distribution of genetic polymorphism. This must be absolutely taken into account when one would like to transfer findings of a clinical study from a certain nation or ethnic and applied them to his studied group for the comparative purposes. Our first clinical gene-association study has found that even gene polymorphism of the IL-18 gene may...
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SNP polymorphisms of Y chromosome in the population of african fulani people
Bučková, Jana ; Šimková, Halina (referee) ; Černý, Viktor (advisor)
Markers on the non-recombining region of chromosome Y is a useful tool for study of diversity between populations. SNPs are the most commom polymorphisms in human genome. Mutation rate of SNPs is very low and so they may be used as genetic markers in evolutionary and population studies. We have analyzed 205 unrelated men from 11 Sub-Saharan Fulani's subpopulations. Fulani are an ethnic group of people spread over many countries, mainly in West Africa. Our samples are from Tindangou area, Banfora area (Burkina Faso), Bongor area, Linia area (Chad), Diafarabé area (Mali), Tcheboua area (Cameroon), Banfora area, Diffa area, Zinder area, Ader area and Abalak area (Niger). Using kit Signet Y-SNP Identification Systems and Luminex instrument with LabMAP Luminex Technology we detected particular Y chromosome's SNPs. LabMAP Luminex Technology is universal array platform, which as a probe using fluorescent polystyrene microspheres. We have observed 12 different haplogroups. Haplogroup E, which is typical African haplogroups, is determined with derivated allele in polymorfism M96. We have detected haplogroup E in maximum of 89,3% in the Fulani's subpopulations. In 7,8% we have detected haplogroup R, which is characteristic of populations in the Euroasia. Gene pool of Fulani's population is influenced with a...
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