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Vegetace pozemku s fotovoltaickými elektrárnami a její význam pro ekosystém
Uldrijan, Dan
The thesis is focused on the evaluation of vegetation composition and on determining the effects of its regulation on the composition of vegetation. The significance of vegetation for photovoltaic power plant and ecosystem was also evalusted. It is followed by the recommendations of vegetation control for photovoltaic power plants. The research was conducted between the years 2013 - 2015. Sixty five species were found. As species potentially dangerous for the operation of the photovoltaic power plant were identified Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata, Cirsium arvense, Apera spica-venti, Trifolium pratense, Chenopodium album, Salix alba, Salix cinerea, Antryscus sylvestris and Urtica dioica. As species potentially dangerous for the ecosystem were determined Dactylis glomerata, Cirsium arvense, Chenopodium album. As species that can have a positive impact on the power plant were determined Festuca rubra, Trifolium repens and Tirofolium pratense. As species with a positive impact on the ecosystem were determined Taraxacum sect. ruderalia, Trifolium repens, Tirofolium pratense and Lamium album. Mulching was determined as the appropriate type of vegetation control. It was recommended to replace the use of herbicides with mowing or reduce the frequency of herbicide application to once in two years.
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Sucho z pohledu ohrožení cenných ekosystémů
Svejkovská, Adéla
The thesis deals with the topic of drought in the context of threats to valuable ecosystems. In the first part are processed different conceptions of drought with respect to its causes and consequences. This part also contains other theoretical bases of this issue. There are solved definitions, species, evaluations, causes and effects of drought, where are discussed in detail the effects of drought on the biota of flowing water. In the first part is also lay out the space for the analysis of the risk of drought to valuable ecosystems. There are also presented and evaluated legislative instrument on drought issues from the perspective of nature and landscape protection and defined the major conflicts of interest in the protection from its effects. The result of the practical part of the work is demarcation of protected locations in the Czech Republic including an outlook to the year 2100. To create the desired result was used ArcGIS program and the results are therefore presented in the form of maps with accompanying comments. The resulting maps of protected areas potentially threatened by drought could serve as a professional basis for further work dealing with this issue.
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Druhové složení vegetace ve vybrané vinici a její význam pro ekosystém
Vespalcová, Tereza
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate species structure of vegetation on vineyards. Observation was carried out on two seperate vineyards in one location, and in total at thirteen different points. Vegetation was evaluated via phytocenological images Evaluation took place over a period of three years (2014, 2015, 2016) during spring, summer and autumn. Observation was statistically evaluated by DCA and CCA analysis. At both vineyards a total of 58 species of plants were found. The largest coverage was with Lolium perenne L., Taraxacum sect. ruderalia Kirschner, H. Ollgaard et Štěpánek and Plantago lanceolata L. In the designated vineyard 1 the most common species found were: Plantago lanceolata L., Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) SCOP, Taraxacum sect. ruderalia Kirschner, H. Ollgaard et Štěpánek. In the designated vineyard 2 these were the most commonly found weed species: Lolium perenne L., Taraxacum sect. ruderalia Kirschner, H. Ollgaard et Štěpánek, Plantago lanceolata L.
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The impact of illegal mining on forest ecosystem and stream water quality: a case study on river Birim, Ghana and a comparison with the situation in the EU
Karikari, Eric Marfo
Illegal gold mining galamsey is an issue of utmost concern in modern day politics in Ghana is sustainable development is to be achieved. Mining for mineral in general can lead to a boom in the economy since it affects multiple disciplines. This phenomenon holds for both legal and illegal mining. There is a cost however associated with this economic boom. This thesis aimed at assessing the impact of illegal mining in forest ecosystems and stream water quality. The case study was on River Birim in Ghana and the trends were compared with the current situation within the European Union (EU). The approach for this thesis was mainly a case study design. However qualitative, quantitative as well as mixed methods was also adopted in the methodology. Data were collected from relevant sources and a set of questionnaires administered. In all, 270 sampled questionnaires were successfully administered out of the total population and were used in the analysis. Based on responses obtained from the respondents, field observation and supporting data available, it was noticed that illegal mining had an adverse effect on the surrounding communities. Some common negative effects of illegal mining identified were; depletion of natural resources, pollution of water bodies and destruction of ecosystems. It was deduced that water, though scarcely available within the EU was comparatively unpolluted and mining activities properly regulated. As a recommendation, it was suggested that government, local authorities and stakeholders should increase efficiency in the regulation of small-scale miners and their activities in order to reduce the ill-effect of mining to surrounding communities and the country in totality.
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Bird territory Jaroslavické rybníky and it's use in natural history class
Sobotková, Petra ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
The main theme of my bachelor's thesis is about Bird territory Jaroslavické rybníky, and itś use in natural history class. The work is divided to two parts - theoretical and practical. At the beginning of the theoretical part, I am describing Znojmo district where Jaroslavické rybníky are found. In chapter two I am clarifying ecological concepts, which needs to be known for the following chapter about pond ecosystem and its importance in the nature. The fifth part of my work is about history of fish breeding in Morava, because ponds are often associated with it. Sixth chapter is focused on history of Jaroslavické rybníky, and the following chapter describes bird region Jaroslavické rybníky. Second, pracitical part of the thesis includes suggestions for landscaping practise and work lists associated to them. The lists comprise ecology, zoology and botany. These field exercises are designed for Javorické rybníky and their surroundings. Worksheets are intended primaly for students of second stage of elementary schools, or can be eventually used for repetition of basic knowledge of biology for students of high school. This bachelor thesis is meant to be an inspiration and source of information not only for teachers, but for all who are interested in nature and biology.
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Forest evolution in Central Europe during the Holocene periode
Švábová, Barbora ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The work deals with the forest as an ecosystem where relationships take place, which are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Great attention is paid to the climate, which affects not only the distribution of biomes. Its constant changes have an impact on the species composition of forests and human society. By the effects of the climate, the Holocene period was divided into sub-stages. Man also played a significant role in the conversion of the central Europe forest and changes it even now. That is why this work devotes a considerable part of it to this influence. Great changes of the forest began with the emergence of agriculture, which was the first impulse for the beginning of deforestation. Examined are the ways of prehistoric and modern economy. With the loss of trees came an idea of protecting the forests. As an example of possible further effect on the forest, the influence of some pathogens is presented.
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Assessment of the impact of wind calamity from November 19, 2004 on the nature of the High Tatra Mountains
Vosátková, Veronika ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this study is to bring a light into the situation of wind calamity which happened 19.11.2004. After the physicographical analysis of this locality, I will try to bring the whole picture of this catastrophe, its causes and mostly consequences left on the tatra nature. I will pay special attention to regeneration of the country and following steps in dealing with this calamity because of two different opinions on the picture of Tatras. Finally, I will discuss future progress in Tatra mountains and i will try to answer the question, whether was a worse catastrophe a wind calamity or human intervention in this locality afterwards.
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Functional diversity in ecological communities
Džamba, Roman ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Doležal, Jiří (referee)
Functional diversity is an important component of biodiversity. Value and range of functional traits and the number and composition of functional types are crucial for the short and long term functioning of ecosystems. Functional traits of species affect their performance in ecosystems and we can classify them as continuous or discontinuous. It has been suggested many ways to choose the appropriate traits and functional differences between species in estimating functional diversity. It is necessary to consider the nature and importance of ecosystem processes and environmental factors and consider properties of employed methodological approaches. There are many ways to estimate functional diversity. Functional diversity can be expressed by the number of functional groups, functional index or functional dendrograms. In natural communities, we see a positive relationship between species and functional diversity. Species diversity doesn't seem to be an adequate surrogate for functional diversity because the loss of an equal number of species may have different effects on the ecosystem, depending on the identity of the species. Functional redundancy refers to the functional similarity in the ecological niches occupation and is a source of stability in the ecosystem functioning.
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Invasion alien animal species and their impact on local population and ecosystems
Nováková, Kateřina ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor)
Fenoménu biologických invazí a šíření nepůvodních druhů je v posledních letech věnována značná pozornost. Se změnami kvality stanovišť, vzrůstajícím využíváním přírodních zdrojů, změnou klimatu a znečištěním životního prostředí, jsou invaze nepůvodních druhů považovány za hlavní procesy, které výrazně negativně ovlivňují světovou biodiverzitu.
Invaze mají vliv nejen na lidskou společnost, ale jsou především zodpovědné za celou škálu změn prostředí. Mění fungování ekosystémů, mají vliv na původní společenstva a dokonce v některých případech přispívají k lokální extinkci druhů. K tomu dochází v případě, kdy se daný druh začne nekontrolovatelně šířit natolik, že rozvrací přirozené ekosystémy, což vede k rozsáhlým ekologickým škodám a k agresivnímu vytlačování mnoha původních druhů a tím k ochuzení druhové diverzity.
Cílem této bakalářské práce je shrnout současné znalosti týkající se problematiky biologických invazí, charakterizovat vybrané zástupce a v neposlední řadě zhodnotit vlivy nepůvodních živočišných druhů na hostitelská společenstva a ekosystémy a stanovit preventivní opatření, způsoby kontroly šíření a priority ochrany přírody.
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