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Use of Fenton Reaction for Drug Degradation in the Ecosystem
Tomešová, Lenka ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The elimination of unwanted substances from the ecosystem can be accomplished by advanced oxidation processes (AOP). AOPs are used preferably in treatment of wastewater. One of the AOP's methods is Fenton's reaction. The degradation of drug residues by this reaction was the aim the project. The experiments were focused on finding possible degradation products, which could be much more hazardous than parent compounds. The study was primarily concerned with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and salicylic acid) and antiepileptic carbamazepine. The complete decomposition of tested compounds was not observed by using HPLC and MS analysis. The products of decomposition were found in reaction mixture, in case of diclofenac dechloration of aromatic ring occurred. In cases of most compounds with exception of acetoaminophen and salicylic acid the reaction led to the formation of more polar products than parent compounds. The results imply that even more advanced oxidation processes do not cause complete destruction of organic compounds. Key words: Fentons reaction, drug residues, acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, naproxen, salicylic acid.
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Study of plant stress responces in presence of pharmaceuticals in cultivation medium
Bystroňová, Jana ; Soudek, Petr (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of ibuprofen degradation by selected plant cultures and determination of activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase) as markers of oxidative stress caused by ibuprofen. Nicotiana tabaccum (cv. La Burley 21, cv. SR 1 and their GMOs) and Nicotiana glauca were used as experimental plants. The rate of removal of ibuprofen tested by tobacco was decreasing in the following order: N. tabaccum SR1 > N. tabaccum Zm-P60-1-T4 > N. tabaccum TRI 2T2 > N. glauca > N. tabaccum TRI 2T1 > N. tabaccum cv. La Burley > N. tabaccum Zm-P60-1-T5. As the most suitable tobacco for the removal of ibuprofen seemed untransformed N. tabaccum SR1. The long-term experiment showed that plant stress is being manifested even after longtime. N. tabaccum cv. La Burley 21 seemed to be the most tolerant to ibuprofen in compare with the total enzyme activities in cultures with the presence of ibuprofen and controls. N.glauca was the least tolerant cultivar. Keywords: phytoremediation, ibuprofen, Nicotiana tabaccum, Nicotiana glauca, HPLC, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathion-S-transferase
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Interaction of Ibuprofen with Humic Substances and Stability of Formed Complexes
Vlašicová, Silvie ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
Nowadays, huge amounts of drugs get into watercourses and soil due to wrong disposal in sewage treatment plants. In this work, the sorption and desorption behavior of Ibuprofen in the soil system was studied, especially in relation to humic acids. The degree of sorption and desorption was defined from the change in ibuprofen concentration analyzed by UV-VIS spectrometry, changes in conductivity and pH were also observed. Ibuprofen shows good sorption properties, desorption was really minimal. It can be assumed that there is a strong bond between ibuprofen and both soil and lignite humic acids and therefore there is no risk of leaching back into solutions. Therefore, if ibuprofen entered the environment, it would be sorbed into the humic acids contained in lignite or soil, which means that it should not be harmful in any way.
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Preparation and characterization of modern wound covers
Balášová, Patricie ; Pernicová, Iva (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the study of bioactive wound dressings. During the thesis, hydrogel, lyophilized and nanofiber wound dressings were prepared. Hydrogel and lyophilized wound dressings were prepared on basis of two polysaccharides – alginate and chitosan. Nanofiber wound dressings were prepared by spinning polyhydroxybutyrate. All prepared wound dressings were enriched with bioactive substances, which represented analgesics (ibuprofen), antibiotics (ampicillin) and enzymes (collagenase). Into hydrogel and lyophilized wound dressings were all the mentioned active substances incorporated, whereas nanofiber wound dressings were only with ibuprofen and ampicillin prepared. The theoretical part deals with the anatomy and function of human skin. There was explained the process of wound healing and also there were introduced available modern wound dressings. The next chapter of the theoretical part deals with materials for preparing wound dressings (alginate, chitosan, polyhydroxybutyrate) and with active substances, which were used during the experimental part of this thesis. In the theoretical part, the methods of preparation of nanofiber wound dressings and also the methods of cytotoxicity testing used in this work were presented. The first part of the experimental part of this thesis was focused on preparing already mentioned wound dressings. Then, their morphological changes over time and also the gradual release of incorporated active substances into the model environment were monitored. The gradual release of ampicillin was monitored not only spectrophotometrically, but also by ultra-high-performance chromatography. In wound dressings, in which collagenase was incorporated, was also the final proteolytic activity of this enzyme monitored. The effect of the active substances was observed on three selected microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida glabrata. The cytotoxic effect of the active substances on the human keratinocyte cell line was monitored by MTT test and LDH test. A test for monitoring the rate of wound healing – a scratch test – was also performed.
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Interaction of Ibuprofen with Different Soil Types
Krajňáková, Soňa ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
Táto práca sa zameriava problematiku interakcie ibuprofénu s pôdnym systémom. Popísané sú jeho základné vlastnosti, správanie a faktory ovplyvňujúce toto správanie. Vo všeobecnosti najvplyvnejšími faktormi je prítomnosť pôdnej organickej hmoty v pôde a pH. Ibuprofén patrí do skupiny nesteroidných protizápalových liečiv. Patrí medzi ľahko dostupné a vysoko konzumované liečivá. Toto prispieva k jeho narastajúcemu transportu a kontaminácii životného prostredia. Jeho prítomnosť v životnom prostredí môže pôsobiť negatívne na živé organizmy. V experimentálnej časti bol preskúmaný vplyv pôdnej organickej hmoty a pH na sorpciu a desorpciu ibuprofénu. Použité boli tri pôdy získané z odlišných regiónov Českej republiky. V rámci procesu sorpcie a desorpcie boli použité koncentrácie v rozmedzí 1 až 10 mg/l. Vplyv pH na sorpciu a desorpciu bol preskúmaný použitím koncentrácie ibuprofénu 10 mg/l a Britton-Robinsonovho pufru s pH 3, 7 a 10. Detekcia ibuprofénu v jednotlivých vzorkách bola uskutočnená pomocou UV-VIS spektrometrie a kvapalinovej chromatografie s hmotnostne spektrometrickou detekciou.
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Interaction of drugs with soil organic matter - calorimetric study
Papko, Nadezhda ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the study of the interaction of soil organic matter with selected drugs using isothermal titration calorimetry. Two fulvic acids and drugs were used in the experiment: ibuprofen, pyridine sulfate and diclofenac. The scope of the work was to test the method for studying the interactions between fulvic acids and drugs and to optimize it for specific humic substances and drugs. Isothermal titration calorimetry includes the possibility to determine very important thermodynamic parameters, which were determined during the measurement of the bachelor's thesis. The main goal was to measure and assess whether the interactions take place and what the thermal effects are.
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Study of the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals with microplastics
Ioani, Aldina ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
The bachelor thesis aims to study the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals from the group of analgesics and antibiotics with microplastics. The analysis was conducted in the mid-infrared region, which is used to identify chemical structure of the substances. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used as an analytical method. The samples were subjected to technique attenuated total reflection. Ibuprofen and trimethoprim were chosen as analytes due to their common usage in the population. Sorption of pharmaceuticals was undergoing on polyhydroxybutyrate, which is a kind of biodegradable plastics and polyethene terephthalate, which is synthetic. Measured results showed that for the study of interaction with pharmaceuticals, it is more suitable to use biodegradable plastic polyhydroxybutyrate than polyethene terephthalate because of its better results. Infrared spectra output is very influenced by a selection of a solvent.
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Humic substances as active or auxiliary pharmaceutical component
Blahuš, Petr ; Kalina, Michal (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This thesis examines the effect of the potassium lignohumate on the transfer speeds of analgesic drugs through the synthetic Strat-M® membrane. In order to examine the transfer of these substances, vertical diffusion cells were used and the final samples were analysed using UV-VIS spectrometer and HLPC. The intention of this thesis was to optimise the process of preparing diffusion cells, to compare the transfer speeds of pure active substances and active substances with the potassium lignohumate, and to compare the permeability of Strat-M® membranes, by using pig skin membranes which were used in the previous study that this thesis continues from. The primary discovery was that the lignohumate slowed down the transfer of active substances through the membrane.
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Interactions of pharmaceuticals with humic acids
Libiger, Jan ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on interaction of drugs with humic substances, which are part of organic soil matter. The results would help in understanding the behavior of drugs in soil and other natural systems. Three drugs were selected. Humic acid was selected as a sorbent, which was extracted from lignin, the lower one is assumed to be the same as that in organic soil. Based on a comparison of the measurement results using the UV-VIS method, it was determined how much the acid of the given drug is able to absorb and how much it is released back into the water. The theoretical part deals with the information about soil organic matter, with the information about humic substances, with the information about drugs such as ibuprofen, sulfamethoxazol or sulfapyridine. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with methods of analysis.
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Preparation of ruthenium complexes bearing ibuprofene derivatives
Ráliš, Václav ; Štěpnička, Petr (advisor) ; Schulz, Jiří (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Science Department of inorganic chemistry Author: Václav Ráliš Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Petr Štěpnička, Ph.D., DSc. Consultant: Mgr. Jiří Pinkas, Ph.D Title: Preparation of ruthenium complexes bearing ibuprofene derivatives Cp* arene complexes of ruthenium with the general formula [(η6 -arene)RuCp*]X (where Cp* is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl and X is an anion in the outer sphere) have recently been the subject of the development of new anticancer drugs. The aim of this thesis was to prepare two new compounds bearing ibuprofen (ibuprofen as a racemic mixture). Two synthetic procedures were chosen for the attachment of ibuprofen, by η6 -bond and also by ester bond to the complex [(η6 -BnOH)RuCp*]Cl (3), where Bn is benzyl. The complex [(η6 -ibuprofen)RuCp*]PF6 (1HPF6) was prepared. The zwitterionic form of this complex [(η6 -ibuprofen- )RuCp*] (1) showed unexpected decarboxylation, yielding the complex [(η6 -1-ethyl-4-isobutylbenzene)RuCp*]HCO3 (2). To the best of our knowledge this kind of reaction has never been described before for this type of compounds. The complex [(η6 -BnOibuprofen)RuCp*]Cl (4) was prepared by reacting ibuprofen acyl chloride with the complex 3. Prepared complexes were characterized via 1 H, 13 C{1 H} NMR, IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS+ and melting...
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