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Utilization of dairy industry waste for the production of enriched yeast biomass
Laššová, Erika ; Blažková, Jana (referee) ; Szotkowski, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the production of microbial biomass of selected carotenoid yeast strains on the waste product of dairy production - whey. The aim of the work was to cultivate selected carotenoid yeast strains on whey medium with the addition of lactase and protease enzymes. The following yeast strains were studied in this work: Rhodosporidium toruloides, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Sporidiobolus metaroseus, Cystophilobasidium macerans. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part describes the selected yeast strains and their metabolites, the waste substrate used - whey and its use for cultivation of microorganisms. In addition, there is also briefly described the characteristics of enzymes and chromatographic methods of gas and liquid chromatography. The practical part deals with the cultivation of selected microorganisms on the used waste substrate - whey with the addition of lactase and protease enzymes. The cultured biomass was further analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography to determine the content of fatty acids, carotenoids, ergosterol and ubiquinone.
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Screening of probiotics bacterial strains aimed at proof of gluten degradation
Korvasová, Lucie ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Ryšávka, Petr (advisor)
No other treatment for celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders has been found so far except for a lifelong diet, which is significantly restrictive for the patient. Moreover, it is not always possible to adhere strictly to this diet, mainly due to random gluten ingestion, which leads to health complications associated with these diseases. Currently, vaccination is being tested as an alternative treatment, and there is also increasing attention paid to enzymes that could break down the immunogenic part of gluten, specifically in its gliadin component. This thesis examined bacteria that could potentially break down this sequence in gliadin and thereby reduce its concentration during detection. A considerable proportion of the tested bacteria belong to probiotics to ensure their future use for humans is safe. To obtain data, the fact was utilized that as bacteria grow, the turbidity increases proportionally, which was subsequently detected to determine the amount of bacterial growth. The RIDASCREEN® Gliadin competitive kit was used for the gliadin detection test, which works on the principle of a competitive ELISA method with R5 antibodies. The result of the study was the finding that only the bacteria Bacillus subtilis was able to break down gliadin among the examined bacteria. It was also measured how much gliadin the bacteria could break down at different concentrations, and according to the data, it was evaluated that it is appropriate to adapt the culture to the presence of gliadin for a greater amount of broken gliadin.
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Možnosti využití mikroorganismů pro rozklad plastového odpadu
HEŘMANOVÁ, Pavlína
Heřmanová, P. Possibilities of using microorganisms for the decomposition of plastic waste.. České Budějovice, 2023. Bachelor Thesis at Faculty of Agriculture and Technology of University of South Bohemian. Thesis Supervisor Kristýna Perná Mgr.Ing. Ph.D. This work deals with possibilities of biodegradation of plastics using microorganisms. The production of the most used plastics and their use is described here, and I also deal with plastic waste and its leakage into the environment. Attention is paid to microorganisms and their enzymes, which are capable of biodegrading plastics, and the met hods used in evaluating the course of biodegradation are further evaluated
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Functional analysis of insect fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductases and desaturases
Tupec, Michal ; Pichová, Iva (advisor) ; Šulc, Miroslav (referee) ; Doležel, David (referee)
Fatty acid-derived lipids are an important class of biomolecules. In addition to their primary role in cellular architecture, energy storage and signaling, they function in many other ways, e.g. as isolating or waterproof coatings, defense compounds and pheromones. Multiple enzymes mod- ify intermediates originating from fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, including desaturases (FADs) which synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, and reductases (FARs) which synthesize fatty alcohols. Functionally highly diversified fatty acyl-modifying enzymes from insects, one of the most abun- dant animals in the world, present a significant source for modern biotechnology of cell factories. This thesis summarizes available information on the FADs and FARs and describes the results which we have obtained while studying them. In bumblebees, we identified several FAR transcripts which are abundantly expressed in male pheromone-producing tissue. We then functionally characterized the corresponding enzymes in yeasts, and estimated their participation in the biosynthesis of fatty alcohols observed in the mark- ing pheromone-producing tissue. The studied enzymes reduce broad range of substrates, from short fatty acyls (e.g. C14) to very long ones (e.g. C26), from saturated fatty acyls to polyunsatu- rated ones. We also found...
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Analytical approaches to study group interactions of azole pesticides with important biological active compounds
Kovač, Ishak ; Jaklová Dytrtová, Jana (advisor) ; Száková, Jiřina (referee) ; Navrátil, Tomáš (referee)
This dissertation presents a developed capillary electrophoresis method for analysing residues of triazole fungicides (TAF) from real samples ("Sweet cherry" tomato - Solanum lycopersicum L) and shows its potential application in environmental analysis. The developed method was validated in-house and characterised by a relatively short analysis time and low cost with sufficient LOD and LOQ. As an additional part of this dissertation, which rose from the tomato plants' treatment with TAF, we studied the impact of triazole fungicides on plant development and their impact on biologically active compounds. Determination of TAF residues from tomato peel carried out with capillary electrophoresis. Capillary electrophoresis is a versatile technique with minute amounts of sample required, with high efficiency in separating small molecules, such as selected TAF. The developed method, cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography, accomplished a baseline separation of the TAF mixture from tomato peel. The optimal conditions for separation were in the background electrolyte comprised of phosphoric acid and Tris (100 mM concentration, respectively), 20% v/v methanol, with apparent p[H+ ] 4.8. The constituents of the mixed micellar pseudo-stationary phase were ionic detergent sodium dodecyl...
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Možnosti využití krmných aditiv ve výkrmu býků
VALTOŠOVÁ, Gabriela
This bachelor thesis deals with the use of additives in fattening bulls. The theoretical part begins with a brief description of the physiology of the ruminant difestion and the main breeds of beef cattle used for fattening. The following is a general description of the additives, their groups and the purpose for which they are used. Chosen additives are described in more detail, especially their effect on overal he-alth, average daily gains or meat quality of slaughtered animals. The practical part were replaces by the recommendations for practise and the comparison of the real feed ration, which is applied in the farm focused on fattening bulls and its theoretical modified verison leading to higher efficiency using additives.
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Význam aditivních látek ve výživě drůbeže
STUNOVÁ, Tereza
Bachelor thesis is about differences in morphology and physiology of poultry as affected by nutrition, with special focus on effects of nutritional additives. The thesis focuses mainly on a group of zootechnical additives. Description of these additives and their effect on poultry is discussed.
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Rhythmic function of placenta and the impact of disruption in maternal-placental-fetal axis
Světlíková, Nela ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Pačesová, Dominika (referee)
In mammals, the circadian rhythms result of a complex endogenous system consisting of hierarchically organized oscillators. The system enables the synchronization of the organism's internal processes with the external environment. It consists of the main component, the central clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei in the hypothalamus, and peripheral clocks in other cells, tissues and organs. The placenta is a temporary, specialized mammalian organ that is part of the mother-placenta-fetus axis and exhibits rhythmicity in its functions. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the rhythmic functions of the placenta, such as immunity, protection, and production of hormones and other mediators that play an important role in fetal development and pregnancy. In addition, the thesis also describes rhythmic changes, that occur during pregnancy in the mother-placenta-fetus axis and how these rhythms influence each other. Keywords Placenta, circadian clock, ontogenesis, fetus, maternal synchronization, hormones, enzymes, immunity
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Development of antimicrobial wound healing nanostructure biomaterials
Hanák, Jan ; Wikarská, Monika (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on optimizing the production of nanoparticles with a bioactive component - especially on enzymes and antibiotics encapsulated into lipozomes. Nanoparticles with active substances could be used in the field of pharmacy or cosmetology. In the theoretical part the composition of the skin, skin injuries, and wound covers are described. The materials used for the preparation of nanoparticles and nanofibers are characterized as well as processes to produce such nanomaterials. Enzymes, antimicrobial drugs, and methods for determining antimicrobial activity are mentioned in this section, too. The practical part deals with the characterization and optimization of the formation of lipozome particles with encapsulated enzymes. The formed particles were divided into two groups. The first type of particles were pure lipozomes, while the second ones enriched by polyhydroxybutyrate to increase the encapsulation efficiency and improve the stability of the particles. The enzymes bromelain and lysozyme were selected for the highest encapsulation efficiency. The encapsulation of these two enzymes took place in two ways - by thin film hydration and by sonication method. Both methods showed high encapsulation efficiency, but the sonication method proved to be unsuitable due to enzyme denaturation. The proteolytic activity of the released enzymes from the particles was measured. The stability of the particles was monitored in a physiological and aquatic environment by measuring the zeta potential for up to 28 days. Moreover, the enzymes, ampicillin, and particles created by sonication were subsequently subjected to antimicrobial tests by using two test bacterial strains. Finally, alginate particles with encapsulated enzymes were also formed, then the encapsulation efficiency and proteolytic activity of the enzyme were measured. In this study also other methods of encapsulation of active substances are outlined, which could be possibly used to produce nanomaterials suitable for wound healing.
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Comparative methods for studying adaptive traits of fungal symbionts
Veselská, Tereza ; Kolařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Voigt, Kerstin (referee) ; Dvořák, Miloň (referee)
The kingdom Fungi encompasses an estimated 2.2 to 6.2 million species that occupy diverse environments, including aquatic, extremely dry, and hot or frosty habitats all over the world. To cope with adverse environmental conditions, fungi have developed numerous adaptations and life strategies, including symbiosis with other organisms, ranging from close, reciprocally beneficial (mutualistic) associations to severe pathogenic infestations. These interactions have an enormous impact on ecosystem functioning, with implications for agriculture and human health. For this reason, understanding the mechanisms enabling the successful development of fungal interactions is necessary for their efficient management. Recent advances in different 'omics' approaches have enabled us to compare species responses to the environment in a more complex way than before and to gain deeper insights into the adaptive mechanisms underlying specific life strategies. My thesis is divided into four main sections. In the first section, I sum up findings about adaptations of fungal symbionts of plants and animals. Then, I introduce two fungal genera, Geosmithia and Pseudogymnoascus, to which I applied comparative methods for tracking adaptive traits. The ecological diversity of the genus Geosmithia allows to trace adaptive...
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