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Hodnocení biologicky rozložitelných materiálů v modelových podmínkách skládky, kompostu a půdě
Zourková, Andrea
The thesis focused on biologically degradable materials. It describes legal environment of the Waste management in the Czech Republic, charakteristice and structuring of biodegradable waste. Furthermode it deals with the usage of materials in various sectors and finally the elimination of biodegradable materials. The practical part examined the information about plastic cups for beveranges saying the were one hundred per cent compostable and biodegradable. Four types of the cups were chosen, placed and observed in polystyrene boxes according to the methodology to simulate the conditions of dump, compost and soil, for six moths. The results was following: two types of plastic cups were partly decomposed and the other two types were not changed at all.
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Kompostovací proces v Kompostárně Želivec, Agora, s. r. o.
Křapáčková, Klára
The bachelor thesis is entitled Composting process in the Composting Plant Želivec, AGORA s.r.o. The main subject of the work is the description of processes of biodegradable waste management, namely composting and an anaerobic digestion. Furthermore, composting, its principle, conditions, and possible places of use of this process and technology are being discussed in more detail. The result of the bachelor thesis is the characteristics and evaluation of the composting process in the Composting Plant Želivec, AGORA s.r.o., using a description of the technology, systems and equipment used. It is a combination of composting in a composting hall and a method of composting in belt piles in the open space.
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Biologicky rozložitelné polymery a jejich vliv na odpadové hospodářství
Zourková, Andrea
This diploma thesis is devoted to polymers, especially the biodegradable ones, and their possible impact on waste management. The theoretical part is focused on division and characteristics of particular biodegradable polymers, their life cycle or handling with them. Next chapter approaches the issue of certification and normative system and also polymer and packaging material applicable standards in the Czech Republic are given. At the end of the theoretical part the composting system is described. The practical part is divided into three parts in which the individual experiments are described. Plastic cups for hot beverages were used for research of biodegradability as they were guaranteed as fully biodegradable or 100% compostable.The first experiment is performed in laboratory conditions of composting, the second one tests biodegradation in electric composter and the third assesses biodegradability in gastro waste, laboratory conditions and electric composter.
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Czech public opinion on sorting organic waste and composting – Food 2021
Hanzlová, Radka
The Public Opinion Research Centre’s special ‘Food 2021’ survey also explored the subject of the sorting of organic waste and composting. Almost three-quarters of Czech households sort their organic waste (32% always, 24% sometimes, 17% rarely) and less than one-quarter (24%) never do so. The most common methods of sorting organic waste used by Czech households are garden composting (43%) or the ‘brown-bin’ organic waste containers provided by public services (36%). Almost one-half (49%) of respondents indicated that they at least sometimes use substrate compost for plant cultivation and just under one-third (31%) use commercially available compost for this purpose.
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Vermicomposter as Teaching Aid in Environmental Education
Panský, Martin ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Jančaříková, Kateřina (referee)
In my bachelor thesis, I deal with a phenomenon which, in recent years, has become known among the general public - vermicomposting. This thesis is oriented to didactic application. It is aimed at verifying the possibility of creating and operating a vermicomposts at school environment and examining the possibilities of its usage in teaching to fulfil the objectives of Environmental Education. The main goal was to find out whether the vermicompost can serve as a full-fledged teaching aid both frontal education and project method of teaching. I have prepared several illustrative projects for this method. The location and operation of vermicomposts at school environment raises a number of other aspects that I have also mentioned. The course of the project implementation and usage of vermicomposts in the classroom is devoted to the practical part of my work. In the theoretical part, I try to approach the areas of dealing with the topic of biodegradable waste, the phenomenon of composting (with the emphasis on vermicomposting), Environmental Education and the status of learning aids and teaching methods. The realization of the project Vermicomposting at school was allowed at the place of my work - Santoška Primary School Prague 5. Lessons of Handicrafts, Biology and Chemistry were suitable for it....
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Activities of enzymes involved in transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during composting
Šírová, Kateřina ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dračínská, Helena (referee)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recalcitrant organic pollutants, which occur widely in the environment. Some of these compounds are carcinogenic and toxic, many studies therefore focus on suitable remediation technologies. It has been shown that composting is an efficient treatment for contaminated solid matrices. Changes in several enzyme activities during co-composting of PAH-contaminated soil were studied in this thesis. The total initial concentration of analyzed PAHs in the soil was 1065 ± 86 µg·g-1 . The chosen activities represented well-known key enzymes involved in the transformation of PAHs or catechol as the central metabolite of PAH microbial degradation. At first, a method for extraction of the selected enzymes from the compost matrix was optimized. This approach was then used for the extraction of the enzymes from compost samples collected at each phase of composting. The activity of manganese peroxidase, laccase, tyrosinase and catechol-2,3-dioxygenase was detected during the cooling and the maturation phase. The only detected activity during the initial mesophilic phase was that of manganese peroxidase. The activities of catechol-1,2- dioxygenase and lignin peroxidase were not detected at all. Despite the fact that PAHs were substantially degraded, no influence of PAHs...
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Projective space
Štuříková, Blanka ; Zein, Lynda (referee) ; Kristek, Jan (advisor)
The design of the cemetery is based on the findings of the project Projective Space, which analyzes the memories of individuals of their spatial experiences that evoked emotions. Spatial collage as a method of creating an environment which, due to its ambiguity, allows individual interpretation by an individual person and evokes memories, is applied to the design of a cemetery for human composting. After the complete transformation of human remains into fertile land, the grave becomes useless. The dead lose their posthumous address. From a cultural point of view, however, the ritual of burial and the symbolic, mental value of the cemetery play an important role for the relatives in coping with the loss of their beloved. The design works with the culturally conditioned idea of the cemetery as an image of the world. With the disappearance of tombstones and urns, we abandon the concept of a cemetery - the city of the dead and reinterpret it as a cemetery - a landscape made of the dead. Remains in the form of fertile soil become material for modeling of the biodiverse terrain of the cultural landscape, a place that resonates with life.
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Composting of materials contaminated by micropollutants
Kočí, Petra ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
Micropollutants are compounds of anthropogenic origin, detected at concentrations of ng·g-1 - mg·g-1 in the environment. Micropollutants are synthetic or natural compounds. Micropollutants are released into the environment due to various human activities. Despite low concentrations in the environment, they represent a real threat to organisms, because of their specific biological effects. Sewage sludge is used in agriculture due to its hight nutritious content. Via using sludge in agriculture, contained micropollutants can be released to environment. Composting is a cheap bioremediation method, used from 80's of the last century. This diploma thesis is focused on composting of sewage sludge, contamined with micropollutants. High degradation rate was observed in artificially contaminated sludge, mainly with endocrine disruptors (up to 100 %). Lower degradation rate was observed in sewage sludge from a pharmaceutical plant, some of the compounds were not degraded at all.
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Vliv technologie kompostování na kvalitu kompostu
PLUCEK, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis deals with the effect of composting technology on the quality of compost. The goal was to determine the CEC (cation Exchange capacity) according to Sandhoff and to create a proposal for the optimal composting technology. It is possible to find the right parameters for creating the right conditons of the composting proces. Samples were taken from three selected plants, from the composting plant Fertia s.r.o., from the Petrůvky, ESKOT T s.r.o. Třebíč composting plant and from composting plant Dubinka AGRO 2000. This thesis also describes the features of the kompost, the nature of the correct composting procedures and composting technology. In order to objectively assess the quality of the composts, the Sandhoffs method of stating the cation exchange capacity was used.
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