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Influence of tumor microenvironment, cellular and humoral immunity on cancer pathogenesis.
Špaček, Jan ; Závadová, Eva (advisor) ; Petráková, Katarína (referee) ; Kopečková, Kateřina (referee)
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the Czech Republic. Breast cancer and colorectal cancer have relatively high mortality rate. One of the areas of current clinical research in oncology is the study of prognostic biomarkers, which aims to optimize the decision-making process for a patient. Immune response and processes in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to influence to a large extent the biological nature of the tumor in terms of its aggressiveness and ability to metastasize in the host's body. There are certain tumors that could induce a strong immune response, while others do not. The ability to induce an anti-tumor cell response and to attract specific lymphocyte subpopulations directly into tumor tissue has been shown to be very closely related to the prognosis of cancer patients. There is evidence and correlation of the presence of so-called tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor tissue and overall patient survival. Stratification of cancer patients based on immuno-predictors both in the plasma and directly in the tumor microenvironment makes it possible to identify suitable candidates for rediscovered modern anti-tumor immunotherapy, which can already be considered a standard therapeutic modality. In our projects, we focused on the identification of biomarkers that...
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Occupational therapy in patients after breast cancer survivals
Kejdanová, Petra ; Uhlířová, Jaromíra (advisor) ; Svobodová, Tereza (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to present occupational therapy in rehabilation of patients after breast cancer survivals. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. Chapters in the theoretical parts are devoted to itself breast cancer - especially its treatment and undesirable effects of treatment. Furthermore, the work describes the general possibilities of rehabilitation for people with cancer. Next part is focused directly at the occupational therapy intervention in onkology, mainly in patients after breast cancer. The practical part offers a survey about the possibilities of occupational therapy in patients after breast cancer survivals. It is primarily intended as a primary source of information about the most frequent complication of onkology treatment. There are also functional limitations of patients in activities of daily living, in a job or during leisure time activities. This part also mentioned two case studies of patients after breast cancer treatment. Key words: occupational therapy, breast cancer, rehabilitation in oncology, occupational therapy in oncology
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Role of selected ABC transporters in breast cancer development
Perglerová, Karolína ; Souček, Pavel (advisor) ; Stiborová, Marie (referee)
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women in many countries. In the treatment of the breast cancer cytotoxic drugs (chemotherapy) are often used. Interindividual differences of drug response are an important cause of treatment failures. Bioavailability also depends on a major extent from the expression and activity of drug transport across biomembranes. In particular efflux transporters of the ATP-binding cassette family such as ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCC2 have been identified as major determinants of chemoresistance in tumor cells. It was hypothesized that variance in the gene expression of membrane transporters and their genetic variance could explain at least in part interindividual differences of pharmacokinetics and clinical outcome of a variety of drugs. This thesis focuses on the functional significance of gene expression of ABCB1, ABCC1 and ABCC2 and single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCC1 gene.
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Analysis of mortality from breast cancer in selected European countries
Rathouská, Michaela ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Analysis of mortality from breast cancer in selected European countries Malignant neoplasms are in most European countries the second most common cause of death. The aim of this work is to describe the evolution of mortality of women which is caused by breast cancer. It describes this evolution in the years of 1980-2007 in the Czech Republic, Great Britain and Sweden. Development of mortality is set into the broader connections with a mortality rate of more frequent causes of death and certain other neoplasms in women. Work analyzes mortality by age, the incidence, and it also shows screening programs and international comparisons. Part of this work also deals with risk factors, prevention and treatment options. In all analyzed countries in analyzed period there have been decline of mortality from neoplasm, while the incidence increased. There was a shift of mortality to higher age , particularly in relation to improving health care and its increasing availability. The incidence was observed moving from the oldest to the younger age group, especially in due to introduction of the national mammography screening.
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Investigating the role of zinc transporter ZIP 6 and STAT3 in mitosis
Burgetová, Lenka ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Štaud, František (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Lenka Burgetová Supervisor: PharmDr. Martina Čečková PhD. Specialized supervisor: Dr. Kathryn Taylor PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Investigating the role of zinc transporter ZIP 6 and STAT3 in mitosis It has been shown that STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) plays a role in the development of cancer. ZIP6 is the downstream target of this transcription factor. Previous research has focused mainly on the activation of STAT3 by tyrosine phosphorylation, while the effect of phosphorylation at a second site, serine 727, remained relatively uninvestigated. In this study, it is proposed that serine-phosphorylated STAT3 is activated throughout mitosis in tamoxifen-resistant (TamR) breast cancer cells and that zinc transporter ZIP6 and serine-phosphorylated STAT3 are involved in a zinc-mediated mitotic mechanism. After using nocodazole to induce mitotic arrest, the expression of tyrosine- phosphorylated STAT3 protein was observed to be reduced while the expression of serine- phosphorylated STAT3 was increased. Zinc supplementation after nocodazole treatment appeared to push cells through mitotic-arrest and cause proteolytic cleavage of STAT3 suggesting a novel...
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Women after mastectomy in the context of social work
Kašparová, Marie ; Havránková, Olga (advisor) ; Vodáčková, Daniela (referee)
The thesis " Women after Mastectomy in the context of Social Work " deals with the topic of diagnosis of breast cancer, treatments and their side effects, itself, however focuses mainly on the psychological and social consequences that come along with such a serious illness. It aims to outline the possibilities that women with this diagnosis can use , and ultimately points out the great potential of social work within the health care system. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Nurse as a family members educator of cancer patients.
Vrtišková, Monika ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Podaná, Jana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on the issue of a nurse acting as an educator for relatives of cancer patients. Apart from professional medical care, cancer patients also need psychological support and care throughout all the stages of cancer. Support of their family is especially important. Education is a necessity for their psychological support. Part of this thesis deals with issues of breast cancer in female patients, the psychological difficulties they face during the illness and support of family members and education they can receive from a nurse. Key words: oncological illness, breast cancer, general nurse, education, educator, patient, family.
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The role of erbB-2 oncogene in the biology of cancer stem-like cells
Prokopová, Kateřina ; Neužil, Jiří (advisor) ; Anděra, Ladislav (referee)
Recent studies indicate the existence of a subpopulation of cells within tumours with stem cell-like characteristics. These "cancer stem-like cells" (CSCs) are relatively resistant to established therapies, usually targeting differentiated and fast proliferating cells. Therefore, CSCs may be a reason for the relapse of neoplastic diseases. CSCs can be characterised by a specific gene expression profile and deregulated signalling pathways. Of these, upregulation of the erbB-2 (HER2) receptor, a hallmark of ~25-30% breast cancer patients, is related to dismal prognosis, elevated proliferation potential and resistance to chemotherapy. Recent evidence has suggested that upregulation of erbB-2 leads to increase in the pool of CSCs. In our study we used mammospheres, cells grown in the absence of serum, an in vitro model of breast CSCs, which were prepared by "weaning" breast cancer MCF7 cells to a special medium. These cells were CD44high and showed increased expression of ABCG-2, Sox-2, Vimentin as well as high levels of erbB-2. Next, we prepared a stable line of MCF7 cells with low levels of erbB-2 by shRNA. ErbB-2low cells were characterised for expression of set of CSCs markers and tested for tumour forming efficacy in nude mice using ultrasound imaging. Keywords Cancer stem-like cells, erbB-2,...
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Zinc induced activation of breast cancer cell lines and the involvement of Map kinase
Králová, Jarmila ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Červený, Lukáš (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Jarmila Králová Supervisor: Dr. Kathryn Taylor, Ph.D., PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Zinc induced activation of breast cancer cell lines and the involvement of MAP kinase The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of zinc on various signalling pathways in breast carcinoma cell lines MCF7 and TamR cells. The differences between signalling pathways in MCF7 cell line and TamR cells were evaluated with a special focus on a role of MAP kinase, which activation is believed to be linked with malignant diseases. An effect of zinc on various cellular kinases in 0, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minute of zinc treatment was analyzed in MCF7 cells transfected by wild and mutant type of ZIP 7, TamR cells and TamR cells pre-treated with MAP kinase inhibitor (PD) using the methods of western blotting and fluorescent microscopy. We show here the dependence of activation of pMAP kinase and other important oncogenic kinases (such as Lyn, Src and STAT3) on zinc release into cytoplasm. According to our results, MAP kinase is activated very upstream and it can stimulate many important protein kinases as Src Y418 , STAT3 S727 and Lyn Y396 in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer...
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