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Émile Benveniste and the role of sens
Krásová, Eva ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Pešek, Ondřej Matthew (referee) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
Eva Krásová: Émile Benveniste and the role of sens My thesis "Émile Benveniste and the role of sens" is a monographic study of the life work of Émile Benveniste (1902-1977) through the role that the concept of meaning (sens) takes in his thought. I adopt the methodology defined by K. Kœrner as "historiography of language sciences", and thus my perspective on Benveniste's work is mainly chronological and developmental. First part of the thesis concentrates on theoretical foundations of Benveniste's thought in the school of Paris (A. Meillet and M. Bréal), Prague (R. Jakobson and V. Skalička) and Copenhagen (texts around 1939). I point out the concept of language system in diachrony in A. Meillet's thinking and in Prague school and present a hypothesis about the role of Émile Bneveniste in their contact during the International congresses of linguists. This results into a description of the perspective of meaning as it was presented in Benveniste's 1962 lecture "Levels of linguistic analysis". Second part deals with Benveniste's concept linguistics of discours. First chapter explains the main concepts of Benveniste's theory of language: semiotics and semantics or the semiotical and the semantical (le/la sémiotique, sémantique), enunciation (énonciation), appropriation (appropriation) and the theory...
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Religious phrasemes in Czech and Russian (based on corpora research)
Kovaleva, Anastasia ; Starý Kořánová, Ilona (advisor) ; Adamovičová, Ana (referee)
In this bachelor thesis we are exploring phrases with religious motives in czech and russian languages. This thesis contains two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is focused on summarizing phraseology history as a linguistical discipline. Beside that, it contains a number of the phraseological and idiomatical classifications by the different criteria. The practical part analyses the phrases and idioms with Biblical, ancient and Slavic polytheism origins by its degree of the equivalence and relative frequency in the chosen language corporas (ČNK - SYN and RNK - publicistic and basic). Beyond that, it contains the list of the phrases and idioms with the non- existing saints' names. Key words: ČNK, RNK, phrase, idiom
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Phraseology and its Applicability in Foreign Languages Teaching and Learning
Říhová, Kristýna ; Rozboudová, Lenka (advisor) ; Konečný, Jakub (referee)
This thesis is concerned with phraseology and its intertwining with didactics of foreign languages. The practical part consists of the analysis of a contemporary situation in didactics of foreign languages, particularly the utilization of idioms. Further, the frequency of using proverbs and other set phrases in modern textbooks for teaching foreign languages (namely German and Russian) is analysed. The aim of this thesis is to suggest an effective way of including and handling idioms in modern education. KEYWORDS: phraseology, phrase, foreign language teaching, proverbs
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Interplay Between Nomination Tendencies in the Language of Mass Media. The Case of the Analytical Adjectives
Vačkov, Veselin ; Gladkova, Hana (advisor) ; Rangelová, Albena (referee) ; Uhlířová, Ludmila (referee)
The thesis aims to describe and theoretically explain the range of complex nominal word structures and phrases that evolved in all Slavic languages with staggering productivity during the last decades. In particular, it focuses on the so called analytical adjectives, i.e. formally invariant lexical units mostly of foreign origin that manifest their attributive syntactic role (and the word class they belong to) not through a morpheme but through fixed word order position. The thesis rejects the view that analytical adjectives are first parts of compound words and explores several transitional cases. In more general terms, the thesis explores phenomena that test the boundary between words and phrases, morphology and syntax. It concludes that in Bulgarian there already exists a well established word subclass of analytical adjectives. They have resulted from an originally lexical innovation that has been grammatcalized due to intensive borrowings of words and phrase models mainly from English and their replication. The comparative study of present-day Bulgarian and Czech provides evidence of the strategies that the two genetically related languages use to achieve their nomination goals. The search for an explanation of the similarities and differences between both languages offers insights into their...
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Animals and plants in Italian and Czech phrases
Gábová, Renata ; Špaček, Jiří (advisor) ; Štichauer, Pavel (referee)
(in English): My Thesis analyses Italian and Czech phraseological units containing animal and plant themes. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with phraseology, idiomatic and basic terminology. The practical part deals with symbols, weather saying and the phraseological unit analysis based on their level of equivalency. The following chapters are analyzing morphological, lexical, syntactical and work-making point of view.
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Linguistic analysis of the political talkshow "otázky Václava Moravce"
Pospíšilová, Martina ; Šoltys, Otakar (advisor) ; Kučera, Štěpán (referee)
The thesis is concentrated on the analysis of the political talkshow Otazky Vaclava Moravce (Questions of Vaclav Moravec), especially on the selection of language, and it elaborates used automatized expressions such as clichés and phrases. Above all, the thesis offers a deeper view into the cliché issue, including both cliché in common and specific cliché of the anchorman, using the method of qualitative analysis. An extensive theoretical insight is also an important part of the thesis and it contains exact meanings of terms, that are important for the final version of the thesis. Chosen examined and described clichés are eked out with data from Newton IT Media Archive and SYN2000 corpus, that are to be find for free on the internet. The data provide information about the occurence frequency and for the purpose of the thesis they are not the most important. The main object of the thesis is to provide a complete view on clichés in czech media shown on an example of the political talkshow Otazky Vaclava Moravce.
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On Collocation Problems in Adjective Entries. Problematic Cases in the Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary
Oliva, Jakub ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Kloudová, Věra (referee)
The aim of the given work was to point out the problems of the collocability of german adjectives in dictionaries and on the basis of the executed analysis to suggest possible solutions which could be exploited in the entries. The primary information sources were the german dictionary Duden and the german-czech dictionary Siebenschein, the secondary ones were the internet corpus DeReKo and the web search engine Google. The dictionary collocations should not be chosen by the criterion of their quantity, but by the criterion of their usefulness. They should exemplify the differences between both languages and they should be used as the assure instance for the dictionary user.
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Czech-Slovak Statistical Machine Translation
Astaloš, Lukáš ; Kouřil, Jan (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to design, implement and evaluate the translation system capable of translating texts from Czech to Slovak language. It describes theoretical foundations of statistical machine translation and then the phase of design and development of system. The chosen strategy was to build phrase-based translation model using one large parallel corpus in combination with language model from local institute of linguistics. The statistical machine translation Moses was used to achieve this goal. The vocabulary translation of unknown words using stemming was proposed and tested. Precision of build system was evaluated with BLEU score and it achieved comparable results with other systems.
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Automatic Creation of Dictionaries from Translations
Svoboda, František ; Matějka, Pavel (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
Goal of this thesis is to implement system, capable of extracting bilingual dictionaries from parallel texts. Reader may find examples of how to obtain such documents and description of steps leading to successfull acquirement of desired information. Mainly statistical machine translation methods were examined and used for this purpose. Besides description of created system, short analysis of problems linked with the subject can be found as well as evaluation of results.
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