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How do women experience the time of their maternity leave?
SOUČKOVÁ, Ivana
The diploma thesis, based on qualitative research conducted through unstructured individual interviews, describes the way mothers experience their time on maternity leave. The theoretical part contains a discussion of time and free time. The practical part is dedicated to important topics arising from the interviews, such as the father's position in the family, comparing the care of younger and older children, the mother's free time, household duties and child support.
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The specifics of care for a newborn baby of a drug-addicted mother
PEKÁRKOVÁ, Barbora
The neonatal abstinence syndrom occures in newborns of addicted mothers to any kind of drug. The drugs may be soft (legal) or hard (illegal). The manifestation of neonatal abstinence syndrom is mostly of neurological symptoms, such as seizures, restlessness and tremble. The neonatal abstinence syndrom can also be manifested by gastrointestinal, respiratory and termoregulation problems. Neonatal abstinence syndrom begins to manifest within 24 to 72 hours after birth and the most conclusive examination drug testing is from newborn's meconium. The newborns are assesed by the Finnegan score and if the result is higher than eight points, the neonatal abstinence syndrome can be diagnosed. The first goal was to reveal and describe the differences in care between a newborn of a drug-addicted mother and a physiological newborn, second goal was to specify nursing problems of a newborn of a drug-addicted mother and the third goal was to concretize the role of the nurse in a care of a newborn of a drug-addicted mother. The research part of this work was processed by the qualitative research method, using semi-structured interviews. The interviews took place in june 2022. Five interviews were recorded on a recording device and three interviews were written down on a paper due to dissapproval of said nurses to record the interviews. All interviews were transcribed into Microsoft Word programme. The ATLAS.ti programme was used to analyse, code and create schemes. The data was split into parts and codes were added to the said parts. The codes were put into categories related to the research questions. Afterwards, the schemes were made from said categories and subcategories. Based on data collected from the research we can say that the most common nursing problem in a newborn with neonatal abstinence syndrom is restlessness, crying, tremor, scream, sleep deprivation, instability of temperature, gulping and vomiting. Futhermore, the analysed data showed that the role of a nurse in taking care of a newborn with NAS are mainly "nurse as a provider of nursing care" and "nurse as a educator". The main differences in care between the newborn of a drug-addicted mother and a physiological newborn are in nutrition, contact with mother, when it also depends on her presence and the condition of the baby, in participation of other profesionals. There are hardly any differences in education, but it also depends on the condition of a baby and its needs. In conclusion, the most common nursing problems in a baby with neonatal abstinence syndrom are neurological problems, following the problems with sleep, temperature and nutrition. The nurse is mainly in a role of a nurse educator and provider of a nursing care. The differences in care between the baby with NAS and the physiological baby depend on the presence of its mother, the condition of the baby and its gestational age. The differences are mostly in nutrition and the participation of profesionals, for example the child protect services. The results of this research can be used in improving the quality of care for newborns with NAS, in an education of the future pediatric nurses in Pediatric nursing study programme and in further education of pediatric nurses in NAS in hospital through lectures.
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The importance of LATCH score in promoting effective breastfeeding
MATĚJKOVÁ, Radka
The LATCH score is a breastfeeding mapping system that supports effective breastfeeding, and it is used to predict the duration of exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks after delivery. Assessments, which begin in the delivery room and continue until the mother and newborn are discharged, are essential. The LATCH system serves as a systematic collection of information about breastfeeding. The rating scale assigns 0, 1 or 2 points to five key areas of breastfeeding. Every letter of the LATCH acronym indicates an area of assessment. With the LATCH scoring system the pediatric nurse can assess maternal and newborn variables, and can easily define areas for intervention and prioritize nursing care at maternity hospital. Our first goal was to reveal the importance of the LATCH score in promoting effective breastfeeding. The second goal was to reveal in which areas of breastfeeding techniques mothers most often make mistakes. The third aim was to describe in which areas of LATCH mothers need more education. And the last goal was to find out what are the specifics of nursing care for mothers and newborns with a low LATCH score.The practical part of the bachelor's thesis was processed using the method of qualitative research using direct observation and the method of questioning through a semi-structured interview. The research group consisted of ten mothers who, during the research period, were hospitalized after delivery in the department for physiological newborns. Mothers were directly observed during breastfeeding on the day after delivery and upon discharge from the hospital. LATCH scores were evaluated during observation. For mothers with a low LATCH score on the first day after delivery, the interventions provided to the mothers were further qualitatively evaluated and their effectiveness verified by the LATCH value at discharge. These mothers were contacted again in sixth week of the child's age, and through a short interview we verified, whether the mothers were still breastfeeding, what problems they had and what was the reason for stopping breastfeeding. The obtained data were qualitatively analyzed with the ATLAS.ti program. Based on the research investigation and the obtained analyzed data, it follows that the LATCH score is important in promoting effective breastfeeding. Nowadays, more and more women want to breastfeed as long as possible. During the analysis of the obtained data, we established three categories. The first category deals with the evaluation of the LATCH score at the first feeding after birth, here it is captured what affects breastfeeding in the first hours after birth by the mother, the newborn and the child's nurse. In the second category, we deal with the most common problems during breastfeeding and their solution by a pediatric nurse. The most common obstacle was the mutual position of the mother and the newborn and the correct latching and sucking of the newborn. The psychological and physical comfort of the mother is also closely related to breastfeeding. Nursing staff, i.e. children's nurses, educate the mother more in LATCH areas, where points are removed, and their goal is for the newborn to leave the maternity ward fully breastfed and for the mother to know everything about breastfeeding in the home environment. The last category is the progress of breastfeeding after six weeks after giving birth. We are interested in whether the mothers are still fully breastfeeding and whether they have had any complications.The results show that the LATCH score is a quick and simple tool for assessing breastfeeding after delivery, during hospitalization and before discharge. This breastfeeding assessment method serves pediatric nurses to effectively evaluate mother and newborn variables, define areas where intervention is needed and determine priorities in the provision of nursing care for the mother and newborn. The results of the research investigation can be used to improve the quality of nursing care...
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The importance and benefits of skin to skin contact in care of extremely premature newborns
NEJDROVÁ, Tereza
Introduction: The term "skin to skin contact" is a term for a method of contact between a mother and her child. The early contact of the newborn with the mother's skin in the shortest time after birth has very positive effects for the newborn but also for the mother herself. In most maternity hospitals, the newborn is placed on the mother's bare abdomen or chest immediately after birth without being dried. This method has a positive effect on the mental and physical needs of the newborn. Children are happier, cry less, gain weight faster, and their body temperature, heart rate, and breathing stabilize. It also matters to his parents. Objectives of the work: Our first goal was to identify the effect of the skin-to-skin method on thermoregulation, lactation, and mental and physical needs in the newborn and also in the mother. The second goal was to find out what possibilities there are to support skin-to-skin contact in severely and extremely premature newborns. The last goal was to reveal the reasons that most often prevent the provision of skin-to-skin contact in severely and extremely premature newborns. Methodology: The research part of the work was processed by the method of qualitative research, using in-depth and semi-structured interviews with nurses. The research group consisted of nine nurses from the Department of Neonatology at the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s.. The interviews were divided into four categories and subsequent subcategories. All data are shown in clear diagrams for individual categories. Results: Based on the obtained analyzed data, it follows that the skin-to-skin contact method has more benefits than risks that would prevent the development of a parent-child bond. At present, the reasons and potential risks that would prevent skin-to-skin contact have rapidly diminished. The research shows that the most serious risk remains the unstable condition of the newborn. The cooperation of the nursing team and the newborn's parents is important. If the child could not be kangarooed, there are alternative methods that help to create an emotional bond between mother and child. The nursing staff allows kangaroo care for fathers if the mother is unable, due to her health condition. Conclusion: As a result, the skin-to-skin method reduces crying and stress in children. Newborns are calmer and sleep better and thrive. This method also strengthens the relationship between mother and newborn. Premature newborns are usually placed in incubators, connected to monitors and hoses, often with respiratory support. All of these factors often make parents feel guilty, failing, disappointed, or lonely. It is important to be able to participate in the care of their newborn. In this way, they also obtain information about the child's health condition. During kangarooing, the emotional bond deepens. The results of the research survey can be used to improve nursing care for premature newborns, as well as in the lifelong education of nurses and in teaching in the field of pediatric nursing. The results will be presented in an article in the journal Pediatrics for Practice.
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Breastfeeding issues of women using tobacco products
KUBÍNOVÁ, Magda
Introduction Breastfeeding is the most optimal and natural way to feed all newborns and infants. It brings many benefits to both mother and baby. Breast milk has an ideal ratio of sugars, fats and proteins, as well as vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Tobacco use should be taboo during lactation. Nicotine, together with other harmful substances, passes into breast milk and thus affects its composition and taste, and has a negative effect on the health of the breastfed baby. Objectives Four objectives were set for this thesis. O1: "Find out the level of awareness of the risks of using tobacco products while breastfeeding." O2: "Find out what problems are associated with smoking while breastfeeding." O3: "Find out what motivates mothers to continue smoking during breastfeeding. O4: "Create an educational material for mothers about the risks of smoking during breastfeeding." Methodology During the implementation of the research survey, a qualitative research survey was used in the form of in-depth interviews with mothers who have experience with smoking tobacco products during breastfeeding. The mothers' answers were recorded in writing and then transcribed into the Microsoft Word program. Subsequent coding and diagram creation was performed using the Atlas.ti program. The research group consisted of eight mothers. The snowball method was used. Results The research shows that smokers mothers knowledge of the risks and problems associated with the use of tobacco products during breastfeeding is unsifficient. Some mothers were unable to identify a single risk. Mothers reported restlessness, insomnia, and frequent crying as the most common problems with smoking while breastfeeding. The reason for continuing to smoke is better for mothers to manage stress, feelings of calm and relaxation, the desire to have a moment for themselves and the associated escape from reality, addiction and bad habit.
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Mothers with visual impariment and their experiences
Parkanová, Eva ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Presslerová, Pavla (referee)
The present bachelor thesis deals with the issues and possible specifics that come up in context within the scope of motherhood when the mother is visually impaired. The aim of this thesis is to compare what is known so far about parenting whilst destitute of vision with the real experiences of specific visually impaired mothers whom I have interviewed. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part consists of three sections. The first section is included in the thesis in order to define visual impairment and to illuminate the specifics of the personality development of the visually impaired individual, focusing on the periods of adolescence and adulthood. The second chapter defines parenting, outlines for the reader the current state of research on the topic of parenting by individuals with visual impairment and presents the essential specifics of this parental role and their children. The third chapter characterizes the prejudice against people with visual impairments, followed by a closer look at the biases against these women and mothers. The empirical section includes findings from a qualitative study. The research method chosen was semi-structured interviews conducted with four mothers with visual impairment from Prague, which were later transcribed...
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Contact restoration between mothers, former substance users, and their children in an environment of assisted contact services
Černá, Adéla ; Fidesová, Hana (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Background: Substance addicted women face many problems such as stigmatization, discrimination or lesser social support. When addicted woman become a mother, this social-perception usually escalates. It is common that addicted women lose their status as a mother and are deprived of custody of their child, which furthermore leads to estrangement and decrease in mother-child relationship intensity. Mothers effort to regain her status tends to be more complicated in spite of her history, conflicts originating from marriage annulment, concern from childs guardians or lack of trust from the child itself. In situations like this, there are organizations that provide unbiased insight and are able to arrange assisted and monitored parent-child contact. Aims: Intent of this diploma thesis is to explore and describe the process of contact restoration of mothers, that successfully finished their addiction treatment, with their child using services of assisted contacts. Research questions aim to describe mainly the process of mother-child relationship restoration with mentioned services as a provider of environment for their meetings. Secondarily the aim focuses on exploring and describing barriers that might interfere in the process. Methods: Research was accomplished using qualitative methods with attempt of...
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Motherhood as the breaking point in the life of a young Roma mother
Obručová, Markéta ; Doubek, David (advisor) ; Bittnerová, Dana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to look into the lives of young mothers of Roma nationality and to get better understanding of influences that affect them and their adoption and perception of their maternal role. The choice of this theme is based on experience with previous working with Roma families. For the research, it has been chosen five mothers aged under 25 years, with whom were conducted unstructured interviews. In the theoretical part, there is a discussion about motherhood in general and later about its specifics in the Roma community. The greatest emphasis is taken on the receiving parent role. Firstly, the empirical part is a discourse about the choosen method - grounded theory. Then there is detailed description of data processing and data analysis. The following chapters are devoted initially to environmental influences to motherhood and later to the concrete experience of the respondents. The experience of motherhood is viewed from several angles - the time horizon (from conception to birth and the first reaction to child) and the importance of her baby to the mother, especially in terms of commitment and in the context of plans and wishes. This work gives an insight into the lives of five Roma mothers. Mothers have the greatest influence on the upbringing of a new generation - for those who are...
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Child in Ancient Egypt
Scholzová, Alena ; Janák, Jiří (advisor) ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (referee)
This thesis is focused on the child's status in ancient Egyptian society, mainly deals with the context of the family. It examines the child education and development. The aim was to provide a different view of the child's status in ancient Egyptian society. For this reason, the knowledge of psychology and social work, which examine interpersonal relationships on a different level than the historical sciences was employed. The conclusion is that the status of children in ancient Egypt has been good, because the Egyptian company reported strong social conscience, which both protect the child in the family, and beyond.
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