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SNP polymorphisms of Y chromosome in the population of african fulani people
Bučková, Jana ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Šimková, Halina (referee)
Markers on the non-recombining region of chromosome Y is a useful tool for study of diversity between populations. SNPs are the most commom polymorphisms in human genome. Mutation rate of SNPs is very low and so they may be used as genetic markers in evolutionary and population studies. We have analyzed 205 unrelated men from 11 Sub-Saharan Fulani's subpopulations. Fulani are an ethnic group of people spread over many countries, mainly in West Africa. Our samples are from Tindangou area, Banfora area (Burkina Faso), Bongor area, Linia area (Chad), Diafarabé area (Mali), Tcheboua area (Cameroon), Banfora area, Diffa area, Zinder area, Ader area and Abalak area (Niger). Using kit Signet Y-SNP Identification Systems and Luminex instrument with LabMAP Luminex Technology we detected particular Y chromosome's SNPs. LabMAP Luminex Technology is universal array platform, which as a probe using fluorescent polystyrene microspheres. We have observed 12 different haplogroups. Haplogroup E, which is typical African haplogroups, is determined with derivated allele in polymorfism M96. We have detected haplogroup E in maximum of 89,3% in the Fulani's subpopulations. In 7,8% we have detected haplogroup R, which is characteristic of populations in the Euroasia. Gene pool of Fulani's population is influenced with a...
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Scottish National Party and its position after 1999
Bielawski, Adam ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "Scottish National Party and its position after 1999" discusses the development and status of the Scottish National Party since its foundation in 1934 with emphasis on period after the emergence of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. The thesis is focused on the position of the party in political systems of the United Kingdom and Scotland and its efforts to enforce the primary goal of Scottish independence. The basic measures of party's success are election results and participation in decision-making. The author examines the factors influencing the overal image of the party such as ideology, internal situation, party leader, etc. Study of the party documents, such as election manifestos and government programs, is important part of the paper. The last chapter is about independence referendum, which was held in September 2014. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Genetic factors affecting course of selected forms of nephrotic syndrome
Šafaříková, Markéta ; Štekrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Král, Jiří (referee)
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by proteinuria, hypalbuminemia and edemas. It occurs during first and second glomerulopathies. This disease can be divided into two groups: primary (idiopathic) and secondary. The heredity of the familial nephrotic syndrome is autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive. There are four most important genes that condition the formation of hereditary nephrotic syndrome in adult patienst. These genes are ACTN4, CD2AP, NPHS2 and TRPC6. The gene ACTN4, which encodes protein α-actinin 4, is responsible for the autosomal dominant form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). FSGS is included in first glomerulopathies. α-Actinin 4 was also researched for some types of carcinomas. There was performed the mutational analysis of the gene ACTN4 on the set of 48 patients with nephrotic syndrome in this diploma thesis. High resolution melting (HRM) analysis and sequencing selected samples were used during this mutation detection. During this process many published and unpublished SNPs and one unpublished candidate mutation that could have causal associations with FSGS were found.
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Scottish Parliament - The First Attempt of SNP for Scottish Independence
Stejskal, Leoš ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis analyze institutional and political circumstances, which allowed and influenced the Scottich referendum of independence in september 2014. It discribes political development and situation in Scottich Parliament and Government from the creation of devolution to 2014. As a metodological tools this thesis use theories of Institutionalism, Multi - level governance and performance politics. It focuses on the pre-referendum debate as well. Main sources are official reports of departments of Her Majesty Government and White paper of Scottish Goverment for the referenda, both are combined with reports from BBC. It shows limitations and extentions of institutional influence and reach towards independence. Key words: Great Britain, Scottish Parliament, Scottish Government, SNP, Alex Salmond, referendum,BBC
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Role of polymorphic DNA markers in personal identification and determination of selected phenotypic traits
Zidkova, Anastassiya ; Korabečná, Marie (advisor) ; Drábek, Jiří (referee) ; Hradil, Roman (referee)
Nowadays intensive research is conducted for application of genetic polymorphisms for degraded samples analysis, identification and kinship determination. Another area of research in forensic genetics is biogeographical and phenotypic traits (eye, hair and skin color) determination. First part of presented work dealt with population study on the Czech popu- lation using Investigator DIPplex (QIAGEN, Germany) marker set containing 30 autosomal insertion-deletion polymorphisms. Power of Discrimination (PD), which is the probability of random selection of two persons with different genotypes, was 99.9999999999% for the whole marker set. This part of study concluded that ana- lyzed marker set is suitable as an additional marker panel for identification and kinship determination in the Czech Republic. Second part of the presented study was devoted to population research of Cen- tral Croatia using Mentype Argus X-8 kit (QIAGEN, Germany) containing 8 short tandem repeat polymorhisms located on X choromosomes (X-STR) divided into 4 linkage groups. PD for the whole kit reached 99.9999% and 99.99999999% for males and females, respectively. This kit could be used in Central Croatian population for kinship analysis and for identification as an additional marker panel. The next part of the presented study was the...
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The impact of geography and subsistence on distribution of NRY haplogroups in Europe and Africa
Nováčková, Jana ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Munclinger, Pavel (referee) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee)
Y chromosome is due to its special characteristics the ideal tool of archaeogenetic studies. Its diversity is influenced by several factors and I analysed two of them (geographical location and subsistence). I generated SNPs and STRs data from several loci of samples from Slovakia (156 samples, 5 regions) and sub-Saharan Africa, where I analysed samples of sedentary farmers (481 samples, 18 regions) and nomadic pastorals (405 samples, 16 regions). Slovakia is situated at the meeting point of two migration ways. First of them was spread from the east to the west and is associated with enlargement of haplogroup R1a in Europe. The second came from the Iberian Peninsula eastward and is associated with enlargement of haplogroup R1b. Results of MDS graphs replicate the geographical map of Europe. Slovakia is situated in the middle of Russian, Balkanian and Iberian samples. Correlation between genetics and geographic distances is indicated by hierarchical AMOVA analysis and Mantel tests. Populations in sub-Saharan Africa differ from each other by the subsistence pattern. Different life style influence the diversity of the Y chromosome. Nomadic pastoralists and sedentary farmers share different haplogroups, for example, while haplogroup R1b was detected only in nomadic pastoral groups, sedentary farmers...
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Implemenation of the RAD sequencing methods to the population genetic studies of hedgehogs from the genus Erinaceus
Loudová, Miroslava ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Choleva, Lukáš (referee)
Hedgehogs from the genus Erinaceus are an important model organism for studying the postglacial recolonisation of Europe and the processes that take place in the secondary contact zones of their areas of distribution. In this study, five individuals of white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus), four individuals of western hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) and one estimated hybrid were analysed. Geographical distribution of individuals used in the study covers the region of the Central Europe, however in the further research expansion of analsysed individuals will be needed and the whole Palearct should be sampled. The main goal was to implement novel methods in research of hedgehogs, which will enable to map the population-genomic structure of the genus Erinaceus in western Palearct. The method RADSeq (Restriction site associated DNA sequencing) enables to obtain polymorphic markers, e.g., SNPs which we used (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) across the genome. In this work it was analyzed 16382 SNPs. Using the binary data which indicates the presence and absence of SNPs for each species, hypotheses raised under classical analyzes of genetic markers from previous studies have not been fully confirmed. In further research it will be necessary to verify possible occurrence of biases connected with...
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Nový polymorfizmus genu apolipoprotein A2 a jeho asociace s obsahem mastných kyselin u prasat
Sukhov, Oleg
This thesis studies the problematic of the new polymorphism APOA2 gene and that association with fatty acids contain in a group of Czech Large White pigs. APOA2 gene (ID: 100153243) is a candidate gene for porcine meat quality. The aim of thesis was to analyze the influence of selected polymorphisms on fatty acids and intramuscular fat contain. Among fatty acids was observed a contain of: tetradecenoic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, arachidic acid a eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Have been used molecular-genetic methods such as primers design in the OLIGO software, PCR, gel electrophoresis a sequencing by Sanger method. The results were processed by form of genotype frequency and followed by associative analysis with a mixed linear model. The values of the relative alleles frequency of polymorphism APOA2 T>A rs80803879 were as follows: A = 0,086, T = 0,914 and relative alleles frequency of APOA2 G>A rs331415849: A = 0,068 a G = 0,948. Polymorphism associations were found for fatty acids: myristoleic acid, acid palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid, and arachidic acid.
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Genetic variability in sporadic colorectal cancer: Searching for novel risk, prognostic and predictive biomarkers.
Jirásková, Kateřina ; Vodička, Pavel (advisor) ; Machoň, Ondřej (referee) ; Eckschlager, Tomáš (referee)
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem worldwide. Despite improvements in the diagnostic process and advancement in the treatment methods, the prognosis remains poor. To improve survival rates, it is important to identify people with the predisposition for CRC and to detect the potentially curable early stage of the disease. Furthermore, identifying those who would have an adverse clinical outcome associated with a particular chemotherapy would help to avoid redundant chemotherapy burden in patients and contribute to enhanced therapeutic efficacy, while minimizing treatment-related toxicity. The aim of the Thesis was to search for novel promising diagnostic, prognostic and predictive DNA-based biomarkers of sporadic form of CRC. As each patient is genetically unique, these biomarkers would aid clinicians in better diagnosis and/or in the selection of an optimal type of therapy for an individual CRC patient based on their molecular profile. In order to explore this issue, we investigated several candidate genes in healthy individuals as well as in newly diagnosed cancer patients. The major outcomes of this PhD study, which were fully reported in seven publications included in the present Thesis, are 1) The observation of several candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms in microRNA...
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Maedi visna - genetic aspects of susceptibility/resistance in sheep
ŠTOIDL, Petr
The aim of this research is to evaluate the rate of correlation between Maedi-visna sheep disease and the polymorphism on 35th position of the gen for TMEM154 transmembrane protein. The incidence of Maedi-visna disease was evaluated using serological ELISA method at the State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, and for TMEM154 gene polymorphism detection, molecular PCR method was used. This research proves correlation between Maedi-visna sheep disease and the gene polymorphism for TMEM154 transmembrane protein. The main contribution of this research is the possibility to eradicate Maedi-visna virus by eliminating sheep with less resistant genotype.
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