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Convergence or Divergence: The Analysis of Economic Growth in the CIS Countries
Hakimov, Durbek ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Holub, Tomáš (referee)
This dissertation examines from a comparative perspective the growth experience for a sample of twelve countries of the former Soviet Union over the period from 1991 to 2008. Two meth- ods of econometric analysis are applied: cross-section regressions and dynamic panel data esti- mation techniques. The main focus of the study has been to empirically establish whether coun- tries in the region are converging or diverging in terms of their income per capita and to find important sources of cross-country differences which determine the shape of this process. I did not find statistically significant support for conditional convergence in any cross-section period. It is partly supported by the increased dispersion of per capita income levels during the sample period. Meanwhile, panel data fixed-effects and GMM methods provide strong support for con- ditional convergence hypothesis. The first-differenced GMM estimator indicates a rate of con- vergence of around 2 per cent a year, which is surprisingly similar to the standard cross-section findings in empirical literature. However, it could be the result of the cyclical behaviour of out- put during transition. In general, results indicate that structural transformation is not yet over in most of the countries. Therefore progress in market-oriented reforms and...
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Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Evidence from Transition Economies
Su, Qihao ; Holub, Tomáš (advisor) ; Amini, Chiara (referee) ; Semerák, Vilém (referee)
Abstract: Institutional quality and income level of countries can play different role in international trade, which can affect foreign direct investment and economic growth, both negatively and positively. Although the empirical evidence shows a mix result, few literatures specifically study the effect of FDI on economic growth and the role of institutions in FDI and economic growth in developing countries. This thesis is developed on the research of Roodman (2006, 2009) and Farole and Winkler (2012) but specifically focuses on the impacts of institutional quality on FDI-Growth nexus. This thesis is based on absorptive capacity theory and exogenous growth model to utilize dynamic panel GMM techniques robust to instrument proliferation. Finally, the thesis empirically tested the propositions through econometric models by regressing a static panel model and two-stage GMM equation. In summary, based on absorptive capacity theory, this dissertation not only contributes to literature by applying the theoretical model in FDI and economic growth in exploring interaction with the role of institutions and human capital on the FDI-growth nexus but also obtained some new empirical results in different income level groups to explore the impacts of macroeconomics situation that can affect our results. The...
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Which Factors Are More Important In Emerging Economies: External or Internal?
Wu, Ziyi ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee) ; Makarova, Svetlana (referee)
Employing Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), this dissertation aims to explore the principal influential factors of economic growth from external and internal perspectives. After extensive analysis and previous research, trade openness is the external factor considered, while financial markets and institutions are the internal ones. Based on the dataset of four typical fast-growing emerging economies-- China, India, South Africa and Russian Federation, this study found that there is a significant long-term equilibrium among GDP growth, trade openness, financial markets and institutions in China, and bidirectional causality can be observed between trade openness and GDP growth. Regarding the remaining economies, there are two sets of long-term relationships among these variables, where internal factors concerning financial development are more crucial in these countries, which also significantly affect the trade volumes in the long run. Results from this research indicate that the dominant growth-enhancing factors are closely related with a country's policy, history, and the most importantly, the focus of its development strategy.
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Does the Eurozone crisis bring similar effects to the economic growth of peripheral countries of EU? A research to investigate effects of the Eurozone crisis on the economic growth of the Eurozone peripheral countries and the non-Eurozone CEE countries
Li, Peiwei ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee) ; Akdogan, Idil (referee)
Peiwei Li Abstract: This paper is to investigate whether the Eurozone crisis brings similar effects to the economic growth of two groups of the EU's peripheral countries, including the PIIGS and the CEE countries. Greece, Ireland and Portugal from the PIIGS group; and the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland from the CEE group are selected as the researched countries in this paper. In order to quantify how the Eurozone crisis affects the economic growth of these two groups of countries, this research utilises the statistical software STATA to operate a panel regression model with country and time fixed effects. The employed panel data contains selected indicators of the six researched countries over 2004-2018. Indicators that may affect economic growth of countries during the Eurozone crisis includes current account balance, FDI inflows, debt, exports and unemployment. Apart from the generation of overall results for all the six countries over 2004-2018, this paper generates a dummy variable "eurozone" to divide the researched countries into two groups. Therefore, it compares the results of each group. The research period also be equally divided into three stages: 2004-2008, 2009-2013 and 2014-2018, which represent for pre-crisis period, crisis period and post-crisis period. The divided periods are used to...
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Three Essays on Financial Development
Mareš, Jan ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Belke, Ansgar (referee) ; Čihák, Martin (referee) ; Geršl, Adam (referee)
The dissertation is a compilation of three empirical papers on the effects of financial development. In the first paper, we examine finance's effect on long-term economic growth using Bayesian model averaging to address model uncertainty. Our global sample findings indicate that the efficiency of financial intermediation is robustly related to long-term growth. The second and third papers investigate the determinants of wealth and income inequality, capturing various economic, financial, political, institutional, and geographical factors. We reveal that finance plays a considerable role in shaping both distributions.
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Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in EU Countries: Role of Institutional Mechanisms
Ting, Ka Yee ; Young, Mitchell (advisor) ; Bruno, Randolph Luca (referee) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
In the past three decades, there is a growing trend of conducting fiscal decentralization in both transition countries and developed countries. The primary reason for this interest is the theoretical prediction that fiscal decentralization could promote economic development through enhancing or improving the efficiency of the public sector. Despite general acceptance of the contribution of fiscal decentralization to economic growth in theoretical literature, none of the previous fiscal decentralization studies have been successfully verified the growth effect of fiscal decentralization. Moreover, a majority of the empirical research analyzes the relationship without taking institutional factors into consideration, which may result in a biased conclusion. Utilizing fixed effects panel data regression models, this thesis is dedicated to examining the impact of fiscal decentralization on economic growth across 27 EU countries over the period 1995-2015. It first analyzes how the effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth could differ in Western European (WE) and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. Then, it examines the complementarity between fiscal decentralization and well-established institutional mechanism in enhancing economic growth in these two groups of EU countries by...
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Vliv mezinárodní migrace na rozvoj země - případová studie Nigérie
Fleková, Veronika
The aim of this thesis is to analyse international migration and it´s impact on social and economic growth in Nigeria. The thesis is devided into three parts: theoretical, analytical and suggesing part. The theoretical part defines migration patterns, theoretical approaches to migration, causes and consequensses of migration for both sending and receiving countries. The analytical part focused on specific situation in Nigeria. What is the impact of international migration on social and economic development of the country. The recommendatory section describes possible solutions, how could Nigeria cope with the negative effect of brain-drain.
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Contribution of space R&D expenditures to the economic growth of the EU
Perić, Silvija
The thesis explores quantitative relationship between space R&D expenditures and economic growth of the EU Member States. So far, there hasn’t been done quantitative research on the causal relationship of these two variables in Europe. The paper attempts to compose appropriate review of the previous research and to find the best method to evaluate the aforementioned relationship. It presents limitations in available literature in this field, as well as limitations in suitable methodology and available data. For our panel dataset we chose Granger causality. The results of the research show that there is no significant quantitative relationship - space expenditures per capita don’t Granger cause real GDP per capita, and vice versa. In the end, we provide recommendations for the EU policy, as well as for the national policies. Researchers should try to use unified time periods as well as corresponding type of data, measures, and methodology.
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Factors affecting economic growth in Serbia
Papić, Danijela
This diploma thesis evaluates the impact of selected factors on economic growth in Serbia. The existence of the relationship between economic growth and chosen macroeconomic indicators is tested with the use of cointegration test, Vector Error Correction model (VECM) and Granger causality test during the period 2007-2017. When it comes to long-run dynamics, results show positive impact of inflation, while the exports have negative influence. In the short-run, positive effect is observed by inflation and exports and negative by FDI. No effect of government expenditures is revealed in both short-run and long-run.
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The role of palm oil production in the economic development of Nigeria
Omoruan, Emmanuel Ekpen
The research study examines the role of palm oil productions in the economic growth and development of Nigeria as a whole. The study uses an annual time series data from 1980 to 2015 and Ordinary Least Squared Method (OLS) to estimate the multivariate regression model. The dependent variable for the study is the economic growth measured in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP); while the independent variable is palm oil productions (POP) measured in terms of thousand metric tons and the control variable is crude oil production (COP) measured in terms of barrels per year. The secondary data for the study is obtained from the World Bank, Index Mundi and Food and FAO. The findings in the research studies show that palm oil productions (POP) play a positive and significant role in the economic growth of Nigeria. In addition, the study confirms that crude oil production (COP) also has a positive and significant effect on the Nigeria economy.
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