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Bilingualism as a conflicted form of life
Yevdokimova, Anastasiia ; Ivan, Michal (advisor) ; Gvoždiak, Vít (referee)
The work presents competing discourses around bilingualism that surround fluctuating national identity in Ukraine. The use of Ukrainian and Russian languages has been for a long time a highly sensitive issue, repeatedly taking shape as an instrument of political campaigns and overt propaganda, and continues to be a subject of debates and tensions. Crimean crisis and the war in the East of Ukraine are not merely clearly-cut results of Russian military strategy and aggression. Other poignant factors are: long-lasting unresolved language issues, artificially imposed linguistic monism, and conflicted national identity that constituted a conflicted form of life characteristic to Ukraine. They are attributable to centuries of particular historical development and bewildering post-Soviet heritage but constructed through Russian political propaganda and forced Ukrainian policies toward exclusion. This work explores national identity through the language situation in Ukraine to gain a holistic grasp of how exclusive Ukrainian language legislation influences the nation's cultural-linguistic settings. The given study claims that the development of the linguistic landscape in Ukraine climaxed in a setting of de jure monolingual, yet de facto bilingual country: the new language legislation requires all...
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Using Separatism as a Possible Supplement to the Theoretical Approach of Offensive Realism - Taking Russia Federation's Actions and Strategies in the Crimean Crisis and the Donbass War as an example
Tang, Chen ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
This thesis is about the military conflict in eastern and southern territories of Ukraine, including the Crimean crisis and War in the Donbas area that took place from 2014 till this present time (2020). According to international law, these regions are still part of Ukraine, however, Russia de facto controls the Crimea Peninsula and the Donbass region. Due to dissatisfaction with the dismissal of Ukrainian President Yanukovych, Crimea opposed the new central government with the help of Russian military forces. Subsequently, they elected their own parliament and voted to declare independence. They then successfully held a referendum on whether to "return" to Russia which is biased and condemned by the international community. The referendum claimed to be passed with a very high number of votes although both the turnout and the votes in favor have been questioned, then Crimea officially joined the Russian Federation. The results of the Crimean referendum were not accepted by the Ukrainian government, and Russia was also sanctioned by the Western-based international community due to this crisis. What's more, part of the pro-Russian region in eastern Ukraine has also followed the independence of Crimea and intended to "rejoin" Russia Federal. After the two Minsk treaties, in spite of the fact that...
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The re-securitization of Russia: an analysis of the assertive shift in Norwegian security policy in the aftermath of the Russian annexation of Crimea
Syberg, Louise Savalov ; Kazharski, Aliaksei (advisor) ; Laryš, Martin (referee)
The relationship between Russia and Norway is one dictated by the asymmetric nature and ideological differences among the two states. Ever since the Cold War, the relationship has been one of cooperation and communication, characterized by Norway's dual policy and constant balancing between assertiveness and reassurance. After the Russian annexation of Crimea, the Norwegian security policy seemingly shifted in an assertive direction. Russia was once again lifted from the politics of normal to the politics of extra through a securitization. This thesis aims to demonstrate how Russia became resecuritized after the Russian annexation of Crimea. The empirical evidence presented in this thesis demonstrates that this assertive shift that came after the resecuritization of Russia is a result of the Russian demonstration of its modernized military, rather than a natural consequence of the hostile act the annexation was. It seeks to demonstrate that the changing security climate with Russia's new ways of war, or so-called hybrid warfare, coupled with a diminishing US interest in the Alliance, is the reason for this change in Norwegian security policy.
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How a Realist-Constructivist Theory Can Contribute to Understanding the 2014 Ukraine Crisis
Rigby, Sophia ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Wilson, Andrew (referee) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
How a Realist-Constructivist Theory Can Contribute to Understanding the 2014 Ukraine Crisis Abstract Realism has been the predominant paradigm for analysing Russian foreign policy in recent times, however, it can sometimes appear lacking in convincing power. Constructivism offers some explanation for the motivation behind policy, however, again appears lacking in convincing power alone. Realist-constructivsm has been suggested to bridge the gap, as it were, between traditional notions of power, and cultural influences. The main argument for realist-constructivism is that some of the basic principles of realism must have a constructivist base, for example, in order to define the 'us' and 'them' in international politics and to determine with whom one is competing for power and influence, there first must be an understanding of how one defines the 'us'. This analysis examines the realistconstructivist theory as put forward by Barkin (2004; 2010), analyses its advantages and disadvantages, and seeks to view the Ukraine crisis of 2014 through a realist-constructivist lens, hoping to contribute something to the still young and developing discussion around a realist- constructivist theory. Keywords Realist-constructivist theory; NATO; national identity; Ukraine; Crimea; the EU; 2014; annexation
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Russian military deception during the annexation of Crimea
Lutsenko, Oleksandr ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
The work aims to identify the use of specific maskirovka methods during the Russian military operation in the Crimea and subsequently to evaluate their impact on the overall operation. In the analysis, special emphasis will be positioned on disinformation and deceptive campaigns, which formed the bulk of the military operation. The work is conceived as a case study of Russian military operation on the annexation of Crimea in 2014. The author chose the concept of military deception (theory), which will be used to analyze the progress of units on the peninsula (a specific case). In the context of the impact of tactics and maskirovka methods on the overall military operation, the thesis after analysis concluded that such methods have become fundamentally crucial in the invasion of Russian military units in Crimea. The maskirovka aims to influence the enemy's decision-making process, which was fully achieved during the Crimean operation.
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Russian armed intervention in eastern Ukraine 2014-2015: evolution of tactical approach
Chalupník, Alexej ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
The thesis deals with the Russian intervention in eastern Ukraine, in the period between February 2014 and the first half of 2015, with the focus on the Russian tactical approach in the operation. A chapter describing the context of the pre-war Ukraine, focusing on Russian- Ukrainian relationship and a brief introduction to the events prior to the war in eastern Ukraine, precedes the main body of the case study. I deem this chapter necessary for reader's understanding of the topic. This chapter is followed by the presentation of Russian strategic goals regarding Ukraine, which Russia aimed to achieve using its tactics in Donbas. This helps to determine the relative success of the Russian operation and the chosen tactics in the final conclusion of the paper. The main chapter describes the Russian tactical approach, which divides both the conflict and the structure of the chapter into particular phases. Transition of Russian tactical approach from the use of political warfare tools to the means of irregular warfare and subsequently to hybrid warfare, followed by a conventional, invasive attack by Russian regular troops, is depicted in the main chapter. The case study concludes that the Russian tactical approach in eastern Ukraine was poorly chosen or executed. The very limited achievement of...
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