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Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Jenšík, Martin ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
1 Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Martin Jenšík Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is step by step moving ahead in public and scientific interest due to its fast rising in mortality rate. Contemporary studies observed a phenomena that patients with COPD have increased resting energy expenditure (REE) that leads to loss of fat free mass and total weight. Our goal was to confirm or disprove this hypothesis. Our research ran in Department of research and development at University hospital Hradec Králové. In our study participated 30 patients, 26 men and 4 women, mean age 67 ± 8 let. Every patient was once examined after twelve-hour fasting. We determined REE and substrate utilization by method of indirect calorimetry. We confirmed increased REE from the average value of REE - 122 ± 14 % predicted by Harris - Benedict equation. None patient was hypometabolic, 7 were normometabolic and 23 hypermetabolic. Substrate utilization did not differ contrary to physiological values. Furthermore we discovered correlation among fat mass, fat free mass,...
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Importance of Postural Activation of the Diaphragm in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Švábková, Anna ; Havlová, Martina (advisor) ; Nováková, Petra (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT The title of the work: Importance of Postural Activation of the Diaphragm in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Bachelor Thesis Abstract: This bachelor thesis on the topic of the postural activation of the diaphragm in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part includes a description of the physiology of breathing - breathing is considered a motoric function here. The theoretical part occupies itself with a description of kinesiology of breathing and the breathing pattern. A separate chapter is devoted to the diaphragm, its anatomy, and its postural breathing function. In this vein, the thesis presents the notion of the deep stabilizing system of the spine and the possibilities of affecting it therapeutically. Further, it defines the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, characterizes its effects, especially with regard to physiotherapy, and presents the possibilities for a complex treatment. As regards the complex treatment, the thesis focuses on the non-pharmacologic alternative, i.e. lung rehabilitation. It analyses in detail the topic of respiratory physiotherapy as one of the elements of lung rehabilitation. The list of tools of respiratory physiotherapy contains: corrective...
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Determination of body composition by bioelectrical impedance method in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Sehnalová, Lucie ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Lucie Sehnalová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Determination of body composition by bioelectrical impedance method in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the top leading causes of death and its morbidity and mortality worldwide is still increasing. Besides the respiratory symptoms there are often developed alterations in metabolism and body composition in COPD patients. Clinically important are mainly malnutrition and skeletal muscle protein loss. Especially if the respiratory muscles are affected, the lung function is negatively influenced. The main aim of this study was to compare the body composition between 15 patients with COPD 3rd and 4th stage and 9 patients of control group without respiratory impairment and comparable anthropometric characteristics (age, body height and weight). By means of bioelectrical impedance analysis we determined the composition of main body compartments. In patients with COPD was the mean amount of lean tissue of body weight (rel LTM) 47.2 ± 8.4 %, amount of fat mass (rel Fat) 37.8 ± 6.4 % and mean overhydration (OH) 0.31...
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The Effect of Airway Clearance Techniques on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Milibari, Hussam ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Title The effect of airway clearance techniques on patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Objective The main purpose of this study is to expose and evaluate the efficacy of airway clearance techniques on patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by using pulmonary functions and Quality of Life measurements from recent studies. Methodology This thesis is literature review. The selected studies were according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selections of recent studies were published from the year of 2000 until 2017 in English language. The following research databases were selected to identify the relevant topic: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PEDro, and CINAHL. The parameters' results from the articles have been also selected by evaluation the statistical differences according to the P-values. Results Twenty-three articles out of 117 have been found according to inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and outcome measures. The techniques were active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT), positive expiratory pressure (PEP), temporary of positive expiratory pressure (T-PEP), Oscillating positive expiratory pressure (O-PEP), high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO), slow expiration with glottis opened in lateral posture (ELTGOL), postural drainage, and autogenic...
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Quality of life with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Dostálková, Šárka ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Kollarová, Jana (referee)
Bakalářská práce se věnuje kvalitě života pacientů s chronickou obstrukční plicní nemocí (CHOPN). V teoretické části jsou definovány základní termíny a pojmy, jedná se například o definici CHOPN, její prevalenci, diagnostiku i terapii, popsán je koncept kvality života, zmíněny jsou metody užívané k jejímu zjišťování, přičemž pozornost je soustředěna zejména na dotazníky zjišťující kvalitu života pacientů s CHOPN. V empirické části je provedena analýza dotazníkového šetření realizovaném na 52 mužích v různých stadiích CHOPN. Dotazník byl vyhodnocen jak pro celý výzkumný vzorek, tak i pro jednotlivá stadia nemoci.
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Kinesiophobia, her predictors and consequences in selected chronic diseases - theoretical review
Schwarzová, Kristýna ; Mahrová, Andrea (advisor) ; Plevková, Lucia (referee)
Title: Kinesiophobia, her predictors and consequences in selected chronic diseases - theoretical review Objectives: To review the issue of the occurrence of kinesophobia in various chronic diseases and to identify its predictors. Methods: The diploma thesis was prepared in the form of a literature search using electronic resources of the National Medical Library, the Central Physical Education Library and professional databases Pubmed, EBSCO, SCORPUS, Medline, Web of Science. The first half of the work summarized all the theoretical background and knowledge of kinesophobia and selected chronic diseases. The second half was focused on the processing of the issue of kinesophobia in selected chronic diseases and on the mapping of their predictors. Results: Based on the processing of available resources dealing with the issue of kinesophobia in selected chronic diseases, a comprehensive overview was created. In patients with chronic low back pain, high levels of kinesophobia were most often associated with chronic pain, functional impairment associated with the disease, obesity, low levels of education, and emotional states (anxiety, depression). In coronary heart disease, high levels of kinesophobia were associated with a lack of understanding of the need for physical activity, social support,...
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Physiotherapy Focused on Physical Activity Intoleration in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Nováková, Vendula ; Havlová, Martina (advisor) ; Konopáčová, Eva (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Author: Vendula Nováková Supervisor: Mgr. Martina Havlová Title of bachelor thesis: Physiotherapy Focused on Physical Activity Intoleration in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Abstract: The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is written in the form of literary research. It begins with a brief introduction to COPD, etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and classification. Substantial part is devoted to clinical manifestations of the disease. Furthermore, it deals with physical activity in patients with COPD, which is the central topic of the work. Last but not least, lung rehabilitation and treatment options are mentioned. The practical part of this work is focused on influencing the intolerance of physical activities of a patient with COPD. I set up a therapeutic unit to increase physical exercise tolerance. I verify the effectiveness of the therapy in the form of a case report, which contains the input and output examinations. The result is not only a positive effect of this therapy on physical exercise tolerance, but also on other symptoms that are often associated with this disease. The discussion explains how the results could be improved and how to make the therapy more effective. Key words: Chronic obstructive...
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The matters of patients foreknowledge about inhalant systems.
BLÁHOVÁ, Zdeňka
This bachelor thesis follows up the problems of awareness of patients about inhalation systems. It focuses primarily on who and how the patients are informed about the handeling with inhalation systems, how patients can handle with inhalation systems, which mistakes they are doing, and which inhalation system suits the patients best. It is about patients, who have bronchial asthma of they suffer from chronical obstructive pulmonary disease. The theoretical part deals with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It focuses on definitions of both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It also deals with their causes, symptoms, classification, diagnosis and treatment. In the next part, this bachelor thesis deals with are inhalation systems, types of inhalation systems, and their handling. At the end of the theoretical part is mentioned the role of the nurse in the education proces of the patient, within the proper handling of the inhalation system. The research part was processed by qualitative research. The data collection technique was semi-structured interview and observation. The interview was made up of 21 questions and the observation was written down in an observation sheet. The research group consisted of 11 patients, 4 of whom had chronical obstructive pulmonary disease and 7 patients had bronchial asthma. It came out from the research that the informations are forwarded to the patients by the doctors. Nurses are not very involved in forwarding informations to the patients, even though they have the necessary competencies to do so. Furthermore, the research had revealed that nurses spend only a few time with patients, in some cases just a few minutes. As part of a doctor's check, it became clear that nurses only control the patient's inhalation technique, only when patients are learning to handle with the inhalation system. Over time, they do not control the inhalation technique of the patients and therefore patients practice their inhalation technique wrong and make mistakes. It has emerged that the most widely used inhalation system is an aerosol dispenser, despite the fact that the powder inhaler is easier to handle. Furthermore,it became clear that patients were the most mistaken in aerosol dispensers. From the research came out, that the patients make the most mistakes, while using aerosol dispensers. The most common mistake are not holding the breath and not shaking the inhaler. With powder inhalers, patients made mistakes too. The fault was mainly in the exhalation through the inhaler, in the small force of the inhalation, and holding the inhalator in wrong position. Based on these results, there was made an helpful information brochure which will help all patients, who can not handle their inhalation system correctly.
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Complex nursing care for patient after lung transplant at Anesthesiology resuscitation department.
Ivánková, Vendula ; Hocková, Jana (advisor) ; Maffei Svobodová, Ludmila (referee)
Lungs transplantation is a solution for the end stage of pulmonary disease after other therapeutic possibilities that the modern medicine has to offer have been exhausted. The main objective of this thesis is to show postoperative patient care after lung transplantation in the department anesthesiology and resuscitation. A highly specialized complex care and cooperation of various fields is needed. Nurses who take care of these patients must be experienced and skillful. They also need to manage well the nursing care for patients in sedation as well as fully conscious patents. It is also needed that the nurses are acquainted with specialized methods of hemodynamics measurements, administration of nitrous oxide and operation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machine. They need to know well the drugs that are being administered. The thesis summarizes anatomy and physiology of respiratory system, it deals with lung disease and their symptoms which most often lead to lung transplantation. Finally, the thesis describes the development of lung transplantation from its beginning to the present including the number of cases of lung transplantation per year. The last chapter of the theoretical part also shows indication, contraindication and the main principles of patient care that is given prior to and...
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Dynamics of thorax in patients with COPD, its influence through POWERbreathe
Chmelařová, Anna ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Babková, Lenka (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its influence on the musculoskeletal system, lung transplantation and pulmonary rehabilitation. It discusses the role of POWERbreathe, a breathing training device, which is primarily used to strengthen the inspiratory muscles. The practical part was performed as a randomized control pilot study to assess the effect of POWERbreathe on the strength of the inspiratory muscles, the thorax dynamics and selected pulmonary function. The aim of the study is to determine the benefits of using the POWERbreathe for COPD patients during the pre-transplant period. In total, 18 patients with COPD IV. grade participated in the study (6 women and 12 men) with an average age of 59.8 ± 5.53 years. Probands were divided into two groups, only one of which used a POWERbreathe. Pulmonary functions (FEV1, VCin, FVC, PIF), muscle strength (SIndex), and chest dynamics (chest disturbances in the mezosternal and xiphosternal region with maximum inspiration and exhalation and respiratory amplitudes in these areas) were evaluated. The results did not show a significant inter-group difference in the strength of the inspiratory muscles. Within pulmonary function, this difference was evident in the FEV1 parameter and the chest dynamics increased...
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