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Populační a ochranářská genetika rysa ostrovida na okraji Západních Karpat
Stehlíková, Monika
The diploma thesis deals with the population and conservation genetics of the Eurasian lynx on the edge of the Western Carpathians, including the territory of the Beskydy Protected Landscape Area on the Czech side and the Kysuce Protected Landscape Area on the Slovak side (total ?1500 km2). The aim of the study was to evaluate using non-invasive genetic samples the temporal changes of the genetic diversity and abundance of this marginal lynx subpopulation inhabiting the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains, Vsetínské Beskydy Mountains and Javorníky Mountains during the last five seasons from 2016/17 to 2020/21. Relatedness and spatial activity of selected individuals were also evaluated. The obtained genotypes were supplemented with previously genotyped individuals. In total, 37 individuals (12 females and 25 males) were detected over the period of five seasons. The estimated mean population size was 14 individuals and the effective population size varied between 3.7–7 individuals. The obtained results demonstrate the gradually decreasing genetic diversity of this subpopulation and increasing inbreeding; the inbreeding coefficient in the last season of 2020/21 recorded the highest value of FIS= 0.169. The results also showed that individuals actively reproduced there, at least 15 offspring were identified during this period, some of them settled and reproduced in the area. The spatial activity of the lynx confirmed the interconnectedness of the mountain ranges and the connection of this subpopulation to the West-Carpathian population, which is confirmed by the arrival of several unrelated individuals. In the monitored period, four individuals were also recorded to disperse westwards outside the study area, but all except of one died due to a collision with a vehicle.
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Zhodnocení příčin zhoršeného zdravotního stavu vybraných dřevin z čeledi cypřišovitých se zaměřením na zjištění případných mortalitních faktorů
Kuneš, David
Ornamental conifer species are very popular in cities, but like most tree species, they face specific conditions of urban greenery, such as small root space or lack of water, which can make the tree more attractive to, for example, insects feeding on the prey of these trees. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of the deteriorated health status of selected Cupressaceae trees and to map the occurrence of Lamprodila festiva at selected sites. The work was carried out at 13 sites in Brno with a high abundance of Thuja occidentalis. The sites were inventoried using the arboricultural standard SPPK A01 001:2018 Hodnocení stavu stromů, where their health condition, physiological vitality or the cause of their deterioration was determined. The cause of deteriorated health or vitality was often the presence of L. festiva or Phloeosinus spp. The survey determined the occurrence of the dwarf pine beetle mainly on the sunny parts of the tree. L. festiva caused relatively rapid dieback of the tree and mainly targeted trees with smaller trunk diameters. In contrast to the bark beetle Phloeosinus, which killed its host more slowly and attacked more vigorous trees. In total, 54 of 326 inventoried trees were attacked, with 28 L. festiva, 20 Phloeosinus spp. and 6 L. festiva and Phloeosinus spp. attacked simultaneously. Of the total, 272 remained uninfested in the first observation.
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Zhodnocení vybraných ukazatelů složení mléka v průběhu laktace u ovcí plemene cigája
Bartoň, Petr
This master’s thesis evaluates selected indicators of the quality of sheep milk and its components. The sheep of the selected Tsigai breed are bred in the northern part of Zapadni Tatry in Slovakia. As a part of the thesis pool samples of sheep milk were collected at periodic intervals. The pool samples were collected on the average 45th, 75th, 105th, 135th, 165th, 195th, and 225th day of the lactation period. A group of Improved Wallachian breed sheep was added to the experiment for comparison. The milk of the Tsigai breed contained on average 20.03 % of dry matter, 8.14 % of milk fat, 6.38 % of proteins, 4.70 % of lactose, and 63.86 mg/100 ml of urea. The following physicochemical traits were assessed: active acidity, titratable acidity, and a freezing point of the milk. The average value of active acidity was 6.55, of titratable acidity 9.2 °SH, and of the freezing point -0,576 °C. The last sample surprisingly contained a low amount of lactose, however, the most surprising finding was an extremely low amount of somatic cell count at the end of the lactation period. Ascertained correlations correspond with the available papers and do not differ significantly. The acquired results for the Tsigai breed are comparable with the comparison breed of Improved Wallachian.
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Conservation genetics of the grey wolf in Central Europe
Valentová, Kamila Anna ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Galov, Ana (referee)
Conservation genetics of the grey wolf in Czech Republic and adjacent regions is studied in the present thesis. Analyses of twenty-one microsatellite loci, one sex-determining amelogenin gene and mitochodrial control region were used to verify species determination, identify individuals and estimate relationships between them, analyse population structure and estimate demographic trends based on samples collected between 2014 and 2021. Genetic detection of red fox and dog samples incorrectly assigned to wolves illustrates the hurdles of field monitoring of grey wolf. Direct evidence for the occurrence of F1 hybrids was not found. Wolves from Bohemia showed lower values of allelic richness in comparison to the ones from Western Carpathians, probably as a consequence of recent expansion. Geographic distances between detection sites of identical individuals were relatively small or moderate in this study, suggesting regular movements of animals within their home ranges. Only two long-distance dispersal events exceeding 300 km were detected. Results of parental analysis provided evidence of pack distribution within the studied area. Most relationships were detected between wolves in the northern region of Czech Republic where the first recolonizing wolf pack in 2014 was registered. Within the studied...
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The Ukraine cyber war: an analysis of the Russian cyber doctrine for comparing the Ukraine National Cyber Security Strategy with those of other western countries
Berting, Frans Sebastiaan ; Erkomaishvili, David (advisor) ; Peacock, Timothy (referee)
Since the start of the Ukraine war Ukraine has experienced a threefold increase of cyber- attacks from Russia. Ukraine, the United States, Germany, and France have already experienced continuous cyber-attacks from Russia since 2014. Although the National Cyber Security Strategies (NCSSs) from the latter three have already been compared amongst each other and others in academic literature, the NCSS of Ukraine has not. No NCSS has also been analysed for resiliency against the Russian cyber doctrine. The main research question answered was: what can states and organisations learn from the NCSS of Ukraine, compared to the United States, Germany and France assessed on their resiliency against the Russian cyber-attack doctrine since 2014? The question was answered with the help of three research questions. The first aimed to analyse the Russian cyber doctrine before and after the start of the war and develop a framework with the most common targets and Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) with which NCSSs can be compared against each other on scores based on their resilience. The most common targets have been those of critical infrastructure sectors and TTPs being DDoS, phishing, and ransomware. The second research question aimed to see which NCSS was most resilient, which was the one of Ukraine. This was...
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The Application of Robot-Assisted Therapy of Hand in Patients after Stroke in Chronic Phase: Follow-up Trial of Application of AMADEO Instrument
Oktábcová, Alice ; Uhlířová, Jaromíra (advisor) ; Kotková, Karla (referee)
Name: Alice Oktábcová Supervisor: Mgr. et Mgr. Jaromíra Uhlířová Oponent: ……………. Diploma thesis: The Application of Robot-Assisted Therapy of Hand after Stroke: Follow-Up Trial of Application of AMADEO Instrument Key words: stroke, robot-assisted therapy, Amadeo Instrument, follow-up study, upper extremity In recent years, western countries noted a gradual increase in stroke survivors. Stroke can cause motor activity impairment and also senzoric and cognitive disorders which lead into restriction of participation of activities of daily living and also reduction of social and community activities. Functional improvment of upper and lower extremity after stroke is a very complex proces which has to be solved in multidiscplinary and multifactorial approach in result of every stroke survivor to live in the most independent way as possible. Robot-assisted therapy for motor recovery could be a successful way to improve motor activity of stroke survivors. Amadeo Instrument is one of robot-assisted therapy for hand rehabilitation of stroke survivors. This instrument can be described as final effector without exoskeleton which allows functional motor therapy for fingers and also a motivational feedback. Amadeo therapy can be passive, assisted, active and also interactive. The aim of this thesis is to...
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Russia’s imperial war and the need for assistance to Ukraine during and after the war
Švejnar, Jan
In this essay, I use a historical perspective on Russia’s and Soviet Union’s imperial ambitions to examine Putin’s invasion of Ukraine and the need for the West to assist Ukraine decisively during and after the War. I emphasize that the part played by the countries of Central-East Europe in western response has been critical, as is and may in the future be, in a different way, the part played by China. Western sanctions have not been very effective as Europe has continued importing Russian oil and gas and most western firms have not left Russia. At the global level, Putin’s invasion of Ukraine also pretty much ensures that no country will ever give up its nuclear weapons in return for security guarantees by the Great Powers.
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The phenomenon of hybrid activities of state and non-state actors
Havlík, Martin ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The rigorous thesis deals with the issue of hybrid action of state and non-state actors using a wide range of tools of power to promote their own interests. The primary intention is to relate the content to the concept of security according to the Copenhagen school, which was one of the most important in the second half of the 20th century after the collapse of the bipolar world order to expand the dimensions of security. The definition of the main concepts of security is further extended by Clausewitz's concept of war and the American concept of Theory of Victory. The introductory theories are followed by an analysis of key theoretical apparatuses of important Western, Russian and Chinese security experts, which are then compared in relation to the essential factors of individual hybrid approaches. The work further describes in detail the significant categories of tools such as soft power, hard power, smart power and sharp power. An important part of the work is also the analysis of state, non-state and proxy-state actors, as the main carriers, users and representatives of hybrid action. In this context, the key determinant is the chosen reference object in the form of the Czech Republic. To complement the issue, the work also includes the related area of facing hybrid threats and hybrid action...
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Czech Citizens about Defense of the Czech Republic – June/July 2023
Kyselá, Monika
In the June and July 2023 the Public Opinion Research Centre included a block of questions connected to NATO and defense of Czech Republic in general in its survey (find out more in previous article). Questions focused mainly on ability of the Czech Republic to defend its own sovereingty, attitudes towards defense expenditures, and exaluation of army's quality in comparison to developed western countries.\n\nThe Czech public largely agrees (84 %) that the sovereignty of the state must be defended at all costs. Compared to 2022, there has been a decrease of 9 percentage points after a significant increase. The situation is now at a level comparable to 2020.\nDespite this, more than half (56 %) of respondents doubt the Czech Republic's ability to defend itself if something would happen, compared to two-fifths of respondents (40 %) who disagree with this statement. Compared to 2022, confidence in the Czech Republic's ability to defend itself has increased by 13 percentage points.\nLess than half (47 %) of respondents do not consider the defence of the Czech Republic to be essential, as we are one of the small countries whose fate is in the hands of the superpowers anyway. Here there was an eight-point drop in scepticism.\nLess than two-fifths of respondents (39 %) think that our army is on a comparable level with the armies of Western countries. Compared to the last survey, there has been an increase in disagreeing responses, i.e. the view that our army is not on a par with that of advanced Western countries (from 46 % to 52 %), with the highest proportion of such sceptical responses found so far\nAlmost half of the respondents (46 %) said that defence spending is an unnecessary burden on the state budget. Compared to the significant increase in support for military funding in 2022, the proportions in this year's survey revert back to previous trends from 2015-2020.
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Species diversity of vascular plants in alpine vegetation of the Western Carpathian mountains on different spatial scales and its connection to soil pH
Anderlová, Nikoleta ; Sklenář, Petr (advisor) ; Macek, Martin (referee)
Alpine regions are hotspots of species diversity and are therefore at focal center of scientific interest. The research aiming to understand the influences and patterns that shape this unique environment, is complicated by mulitple metodological issues stemming from unclear definitions of used terms as well as the existence of various methodological approaches and their constrains/limitations. The breadth of the topic of species diversity, which can be viewed from multitude of perspectives, is also adding to complications. This work summarizes the most important information in available literature and addresses important correlations and trends in environmental variables and species diversity of alpine meadows in the areas of Malá Fatra, Nízke Tatry, Roháče, and Belianske Tatry. At the center of attention is the widely accepted theory of higher species richness in areas with basic, calcareous substrates compared to areas with acidic, silicate substrates in Europe. To confirm this theory at different spatial scales in alpine environment, hierarchical sampling was chosen. A total of 96 samples containing data on the presence/absence of plants and relevant environmental factors, including pH measurements, were obtained. The structure of these data was visualized using ordination techniques such as PCA...
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