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The impact of cybercrime and cybersecurity on Nigeria's national security
Adisa, Omolola Tobiloba ; Erkomaishvili, David (vedoucí práce) ; Gillies, Allan (oponent)
The rapid digitisation of the last decade has transformed global interconnectedness but has concurrently birthed challenges like cybercrime. This research delved into Nigeria's cybercrimelandscape, focusing on its implications for national security. With the rise of cybercrime leadingto economic losses of billions, the study aimed to pinpoint sociological and technological drivers, such as unemployment and digital growth, contributing to the menace. Cybercriminal subcultures, like the "Yahoo Boys", have emerged, depicting a societal trust deficit and culturalinclinations towards cyber malfeasance. The research also assessed Nigeria's cybersecurity measures, including the Cybercrime Act 2015. While the Act signifies the nation's resolve, gapsin its enforcement diminish its effectiveness. Moreover, central to Nigeria's digital aspirations,small and medium enterprises emerge as especially vulnerable to cyber threats. As the countrygrapples with this dual challenge of digital growth and cyber vulnerabilities, a multifaceted strategy involving legislation, technology, public engagement, and global collaboration is pivotal. The study underscores the urgency for a collective response involving policymakers, businesses, and citizens to ensure a secure digital future for Nigeria. The findings contribute...
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The Ukraine cyber war: an analysis of the Russian cyber doctrine for comparing the Ukraine National Cyber Security Strategy with those of other western countries
Berting, Frans Sebastiaan ; Erkomaishvili, David (vedoucí práce) ; Peacock, Timothy (oponent)
Since the start of the Ukraine war Ukraine has experienced a threefold increase of cyber- attacks from Russia. Ukraine, the United States, Germany, and France have already experienced continuous cyber-attacks from Russia since 2014. Although the National Cyber Security Strategies (NCSSs) from the latter three have already been compared amongst each other and others in academic literature, the NCSS of Ukraine has not. No NCSS has also been analysed for resiliency against the Russian cyber doctrine. The main research question answered was: what can states and organisations learn from the NCSS of Ukraine, compared to the United States, Germany and France assessed on their resiliency against the Russian cyber-attack doctrine since 2014? The question was answered with the help of three research questions. The first aimed to analyse the Russian cyber doctrine before and after the start of the war and develop a framework with the most common targets and Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) with which NCSSs can be compared against each other on scores based on their resilience. The most common targets have been those of critical infrastructure sectors and TTPs being DDoS, phishing, and ransomware. The second research question aimed to see which NCSS was most resilient, which was the one of Ukraine. This was...
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The impact of institutional weakness on the presence of organised crime: A case study on Paraguay and organised crime in the Triple Frontier
Martinez Cristaldo, Clara Elizabeth ; Kaunert, Christian (vedoucí práce) ; Erkomaishvili, David (oponent)
This thesis examines the institutional weakness of the Paraguayan state and its impact on the presence of organised crime in the Tri-border region between Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina. To do so, it employs a methodological design based on a case study of the institutional weakness of the Paraguayan state and its implications for the development of organised crime activities during the presidential term of Horacio Cartes (2013-2018). The methodological design also includes two sub-case studies analysing the institutional weakness of the Public Prosecutor's Office and the National Police, as well as the infiltration of organised crime in these institutions. The analysis allows for the identification of common patterns between the two institutions which reveals institutional weakness due to non-compliance and instability. Furthermore, these results go hand-in-hand with the presence of organised crime in the tri-border area during the period under study. This criminal presence was consolidated by the commission of various acts of violence that were rarely perpetrated by organized crime in Paraguay before the period of study. There is a close link between the presence of organised crime groups and the weakness of the Paraguayan state. Therefore, policies aimed to mitigate organised crime should not...
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Territorial Loss to Organized Crime: Assessing National Security Challenges in Mexico and Brazil
Huerta Ludlow, Anna Gabriela ; Erkomaishvili, David (vedoucí práce) ; Kaunert, Christian (oponent)
Tato disertační práce se ponoří do složité souhry mezi organizovaným zločinem, územní kontrolou a státní suverenitou v kontextu Latinské Ameriky. Studie se zaměřuje na odhalení mnohostranných procesů, kterými skupiny organizovaného zločinu narušují schopnost státu udržovat územní celistvost a vykonávat svrchovanost. Porovnáním zkušeností z Mexika a Brazílie se dvě země potýkají s všudypřítomným vlivem organizovaného zločinu, cílem tohoto výzkumu je poskytnout cenné poz která formuje bezpečnostní politiky v regionu. organizovaného zločinu podkopávají územní kontrolu a svrchovanost státu v Latinské Americe. Šetření je podpořeno komplexním přezkumem stávající literatury a identifikuje mezery, které vyžadují hlubší prozkoumání tohoto složitého problému. Prostřednictvím empirickými údaji, tak vyprávěcími účty V Mexiku pronikání organizovaného zločinu do státních struktur vedlo ke korozi vládnutí a zpochybňuje schopnost státu poskytovat bezpečnost a udržovat účinnou kontrolu nad svým územím. Podobně zkušenosti Brazílie s PCC a dalšími zločineckými subjekty upozorňují na složitou síť vztahů, které přispívají k erozi územní kontroly. Tematická analýza příběhů v reálném životě dále odhaluje skryté vzorce a překlenuje teoretické rámce s prožívanými zkušenostmi. Zjištění studie odhalují nuanční procesy, kterými...
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The Cyber Social Phenomenon of Doxing: An Examination of Hong Kong's Anti-doxing Law
Ung, Siev Thean ; Berg, Julie (vedoucí práce) ; Erkomaishvili, David (oponent)
1 Abstract Doxing is a relatively new practice and phenomenon that emerged within the cyberspace, and there have been limited studies providing insights into this practice, especially concerning the legal measures available to address this practice. Hong Kong has recently experienced a widespread doxing phenomenon in light of social unrests stemming from the 2019 protest movement, and as a response, has introduced a legislative amendment to address this issue. This research paper aims to investigate and examine doxing and its effects in Hong Kong, as well as to investigate and understand how doxing is legally addressed in Hong Kong. It specifically examines the legislative text of the 2021 Amendment as well as other governmental publications in order to answer to three research questions: 1) What are the challenges that doxing posed to law enforcement?; 2) How has doxing in Hong Kong been addressed by the 2021 Amendment?; and 3) What are law enforcement's response to doxing after legal measures were introduced to address doxing? This research study observed the challenges that law enforcement faced before the 2021 Amendment, legal measures that were introduced, and how law enforcement responded to doxing after the 2021 Amendment. These points serve as a basis for discussion on the literature on doxing and...
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The role of Internet Service Providers in protecting digital rigths
Fernandez Nieto, Berenice ; Erkomaishvili, David (vedoucí práce) ; Hardman, Helen (oponent)
This dissertation is motivated by the need to comprehend the role of private players in regulating internet activity, how it alters states' security activities, and impacts human rights. Particularly, this research focuses on Internet Service Providers' role in preserving digital rights, with the Organisation of American States and the European Union serving as cases of study. The comparative analysis examines the liability regimes developed in both regions and how they interact with human rights legislation, copyright protection and national security obligations. The aim is to explore the legal burden of ISPs in the digital sphere and comprehend how their actions impact citizens' freedoms. The findings provide an overview of the condition of internet governance in the Americas and Europe, the priorities that shaped the current legislation and the most pressing challenges ahead. Keywords Internet Service Providers, Digital Rights, Liability Regime, digital Governance, Data Protection, Net Neutrality
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Moving Toward Strategic Cyber War Theory? Analysis of Russian State-backed Cyber Attacks
Green, Joshua ; Erkomaishvili, David (vedoucí práce) ; Landovský, Jakub (oponent)
Tato práce analyzovala kybernetické útoky, které proti sobě vedly dvě dvojice národních států (Rusko/Ukrajina a Írán/Izrael), optikou teorie strategické kybernetické války Jana Kallberga s cílem zjistit, zda jsou prvky této teorie uplatňovány, a pokud ano, jak jsou uplatňovány. Tato práce se rovněž pokouší poskytnout náhled na to, zda to představuje posun směrem k tomu, aby se teorie strategické kybernetické války stala praktickou realitou. Práce konstatuje, že prvky Kallbergovy teorie jsou v různé míře jasně patrné v útočných kampaních vedených všemi zkoumanými národními státy. Každý národní stát použil jinou strategii, pokud jde o to, na které pilíře společnosti a organizace se zaměřil. Vše nasvědčuje tomu, že kybernetické útoky se stávají stále důležitějším nástrojem národních států, které sledují své politické a strategické cíle. Představa, že se teorie strategické kybernetické války stane skutečností, je však mnohem nejistější, přičemž jiné nástroje pravděpodobně zůstanou důležitější, zejména v době války (například tradiční druhy vojenské služby). Pokud se podaří dosáhnout úrovně technologické vyspělosti, kdy bude možné provádět kybernetické útoky, které budou mít destruktivní schopnosti kybernetického útoku NotPetya zaznamenaného v roce 2017, ale budou schopny se udržet po výrazně delší...
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