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Prevalence and patterns of kratom use in the Czech population and risk of loss of controlled use over time: cross-sectional questionnaire survey
Koktavá, Kristýna ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Černíková, Tereza (referee)
Background: In recent years, the rate of kratom use has been increasing in the Czech Republic. It is a psychoactive substance of plant origin, the availability of which is not yet regulated by law in the Czech Republic, which causes easy availability even for minors. Different patterns of kratom use are described, and it is not clear to what extent problematic use or addiction develops. Objectives: The main objectives of this work were to map the use and effects of kratom use in the Czech population and to analyze the occurrence of different patterns of kratom use and whether, or to what extent, there is a loss of control during kratom use. Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted. The research group consisted of persons older than 18 years living in the territory of the Czech Republic who have experience of using kratom, selected by non-probability sampling on social networks. Groups and forums bringing together people with experience with kratom were used for recruitment, and the snowball method was used, when some respondents shared the invitation further among their contacts. Results: 331 respondents completed the questionnaire. The research population consists of 259 respondents who reported using kratom at some point in their life, the majority of whom were men...
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Addiction care for clients with dual disorders in Mental health centers for persons with severe chronic mental illness
Hašková, Lenka ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vacek, Michal (referee)
Background: According to the standards of the Mental Health Center services, their function is integrated care for persons with a dual diagnosis (MZČR, 2021). Objectives: The goal of the work is to describe and understand how and by whom care is provided to clients in the field of addiction in selected centers. Methods: The practical part of the work consists of semi-structured interviews with workers from 15 (52%) different centers involved in the care of clients with a dual diagnosis in the field of addiction, processed using the method of thematic analysis. Main results: Respondents from 87% of the examined centers had some theoretical or practical training in the field of addiction. Addictologists worked in 40% of the examined centers, all of them in the position of social worker. Those in the center fulfill the role of specialists in working with people with a dual diagnosis. Most centers combine different treatment models. If the client is indicated for residential addiction treatment, they apply the model of successive treatment. They widely use the parallel treatment model. If necessary, they integrate elements of addiction treatment into the care provided. Groups for clients with a dual diagnosis are held in only one investigated center. Conclusion and recommendations: The diverse...
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The influence of social media on adolescents
Janoušová, Viola ; Mazáčová, Nataša (advisor) ; Syslová, Hana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on young teenagers and their relationship with social media and how social media affects their lives and what impact it has on them. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the first topic is approached in more detail is the topic of adolescence and its phases, the next topic is the internet and social networks, where the risks of possible addiction to these networks and the Internet are described. The last chapter focuses on the issue of cyberbullying, its forms and manifestations. The empirical part is dedicated to practical research. I chose case studies as a form of research. The case studies are further analyzed through open coding. I used semi-structured interviews to collect data for this empirical research. The goal of this bachelor's thesis is to present social media and anylyze the relationship of adolescents to these social networks and further reveal how these networks influence the lives of today's adolescents.
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Europe's strategy for Tech Security in the Era of Raw Critical Materials
Štěpánek, Vojtěch ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
This diploma thesis is a single case study focusing on the European Union's approach to the issue of critical materials as a security concern. Critical raw materials will play an increasingly important role in Europe due to the ambitious Green Deal policy. The technologies necessary to address environmental challenges require a significant share of materials identified as critical in Europe. However, the problem is that most of these materials are concentrated in unstable and undemocratic regimes, which may pose strategic rivals. This creates a threat that supplier states may use critical materials as a tool of power and thus jeopardize the economic security of European Union countries. This thesis examines critical materials as a phenomenon, analyzes their criticality and relationship to technologies. It further conducts an analysis of selected critical materials and their risks, particularly about the nature of supplier states. The final chapter addresses the European strategy in this area and describes how critical materials affect strategic technologies.
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The nursing process for a newborn of drug-addicted mother
Sklenáková, Julie ; Lukšová, Markéta (advisor) ; Gáll, Juraj (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on drug-addicted mothers and their newborns. The main aim of my thesis was to find out how non-medical and medical health professionals perceive working with these women. Other objectives include finding out the fear of healthcare workers about the possible transmission of infection or awareness of aftercare options for these women and their babies. My work is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the use of the most common addictive substances in pregnancy is mentioned. In addition, neonatal abstinence syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome are described. In the last section of the theoretical part, aftercare options for drug-addicted mothers and their children or the whole family are presented. The practical part is prepared using an anonymous questionnaire survey of own design intended for health care professionals. The research was carried out at the Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology of the First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague. Key words: newborn, drugs, pregnancy, nursing process, addiction
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Applying the profession of an addictologist in selected social services focused on working with the family in Prague
Jelínková, Michaela ; Lososová, Amalie (advisor) ; Radimecký, Josef (referee)
Background: Addiction in various forms is a part of people's lives, often accompanying them throughout their lives. The impacts of addiction are not limited to just the individual for whom addiction is a problem but also affect other family members. Therefore, it is desirable to work with other family members and close individuals using addictive substances when working with addiction clients, seeking together a way to manage the difficult situation. Addiction clients appear in various types of services, including social services, and it is precisely in these services that an addiction specialists with their transdisciplinary theoretical knowledge and skills could contribute to improving the life situations of families seeking social counseling, shelters, or utilizing socially activating services for families with children. Objectives: The aim of the study is to map out the possibilities of employing addiction specialists in selected social services focusing on family work in Prague. Specific objectives address the question of whether and how selected facilities work with addiction clients and their families and how informed they are about the position of an addiction specialist and their scope of work. Methods: Data collection was carried out through qualitative research using semi- structured...
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Substance use among seniors in Prague: questionnaire survey
Stříteský, Vít ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
Background: Substance use also occurs among the elderly and poses an increased risk of various health and social problems in this group. Currently, this specific group is somewhat neglected in addiction studies. In my opinion, seniors are a highly vulnerable group associated with the consumption of addictive substances, and this issue has not been extensively studied in the Czech Republic yet. Objectives: The main goal of this study is to determine which addictive substances are currently used by seniors in Prague and their prevalence. Secondary objectives include determining which sociodemographic and health characteristics affect substance use among seniors, the reasons they use these substances, and their awareness of addiction services. Methods: Given the focus of this study and its objectives, a quantitative approach was chosen for the research. Data was collected using a custom-designed electronic and printed questionnaire as the research tool. Results: The research indicates that seniors in Prague are frequent users of addictive substances. Coffee and alcohol are the most commonly used, followed by the use of medications (such as hypnotics, anxiolytics, and analgesics), cannabis products, and nicotine products. Only a small percentage of respondents reported using other addictive substances...
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Need assessment of female clients with a dual diagnosis in the Capital City of Prague in the context of shelter living
Čiháková, Klára ; Staňková, Nora (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Background Extensive issues of homelessness is a phenomenon with centuries of progressing solution. Specific category is female homelessness, having sometimes different perils, often maybe more rigorous than male homelessness. This thesis adresses current situation in social protection of homeless women with dual diagnosis, as this is creating more complications of homelessness itself. Number of homeless women with dual diagnosis is increasing in time. Practice in shelters for women shows, that system is failing these women, as they are not thriving or getting better in these facilities. Aim Thesis is focused on homeless woman with dual diagnosis and character of their needs stemming of background of their issues. Needs of women in this target group are matched with supply of services provided in the territory of Prague city, to survey if services being provided are corresponding with their needs, or if there are other options, more appropriate for them, Methods This thesis includes qualitative research focused on need assessment of homeless women with dual diagnosis in the context of shelter living in the territory of capital city. Need assessment is conducted via interviews with women of the target group, and with providers of various services, cooperating with these clients. Interviews with...
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Neurobiology of food addiction
Cíbiková, Sofia Anna ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Petríková, Ivana (referee)
This work deals with food addiction, mainly its neurobiological basis. The fact that highly processed food high in calories can have effects similar to those of addictive substances has been known for decades, however with the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity in the last few years, there is more and more research being done in this area. Food addiction very often correlates with obesity and eating disorders, such as binge eating disorder, and naturally has a negative impact on the health of an increasing number of people. Excessive consumption of highly caloric foods causes changes in the neural pathways in the brain, especially those connected to dopamine and the reward system which, similarly to substance use disorders, leads to addiction, which manifests itself in loss of control over the consumption, developed tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Stress together with various mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety are often factors contributing to the development of addiction. Understanding the similarities between food addiction and substance use disorders can be beneficial for finding an appropriate treatment. Cognitive intervention and therapeutic methods seem to be the most effective, on the other hand strict diets and efforts to make major lifestyle changes often bring...
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The role of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of drug dependence
Durdilová, Marie ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Janoušková, Alena (referee)
The abuse of addictive substances is widely spread and carries numerous negative impacts, both on individuals and their surroundings. Some substances can lead to addiction after just a few doses, while for others, it may be a more prolonged process. However, the result is generally similar, with the prioritization of the drug or activity becoming the individual's main focus in life. This shift in priorities is linked to increased dopamine production due to the substance's effects, and the modulation of reward circuits in the brain. Changes in the connectivity and excitability of neurons in the mesolimbic and mesocorticolimbic dopamine systems lead to the development and maintenance of addiction. These neuronal changes are maintained in the body through epigenetic remodeling of chromatin. The pattern of epigenetic modifications, characteristic for a specific type of abused substance, can be passed on to the next generation, thereby increasing the potential for addiction development in offspring. Research on epigenetic modifications associated with addiction provides us with a deeper understanding of the neurophysiological changes accompanying drug addiction. At the same time, it raises the question of further treatment possibilities for drug addiction by targeting the epigenetic modifications that...
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