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Tissue factor in acute coronary syndromes
Malý, Martin ; Hampl, Václav (advisor) ; Wilhelm, Jiří (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee) ; Málek, Ivan (referee)
In this review are summarized essentials of the physiology and the pathophysiology of TF in terms of the literature sources. But still, until today, there are many questions to be answered: the source and the level of TF in healthy subjects, the method how to measure the "trombogenic" potential of TF because its role in many biological processes, the "normal" levels, the possible impact of risk factors and possibility of risk stratification of "healthy" subjects according to the levels of TF like marker of the blood with procoagulant potential. Answering these questions and impact of the blocking of TF as a therapeutical approach in acute coronary syndromes is a challenging field of investigation in blood coagulation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The role of protein kinase C and its targets in cardioprotection
Holzerová, Kristýna ; Hlaváčková, Markéta (advisor) ; Alán, Lukáš (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
The mortality of cardiovascular diseases remains high and it likely tends to increase in the future. Although many ways how to increase the resistance against myocardial ischemia- reperfusion damage have been described, few of them were transferred into clinical practice. Cardioprotective effect of chronic hypoxia has been described during 60s of the last century. Its detailed mechanism has not been elucidated, but a number of components has been identified. One of these components presents protein kinase C (PKC). The role of PKC was described in detail in the mechanism of ischemic preconditioning, but its involvement in the mechanism of cardioprotection induced by chronic hypoxia remains unclear. One reason is the amount of PKC isoforms, which have often contradictory effects, and the diversity of hypoxic models used. The most frequently mentioned isoforms in connection with cardioprotection are PKCδ and PKCε. The aim of my thesis was to analyze changes in these PKC isoforms at two different cardioprotective models of hypoxia - intermittent hypobaric (IHH) and continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH). We also examined the target proteins of PKCδ and PKCε after the adaptation to IHH, which could be involved in the mechanism of cardioprotection. These included proteins associated with apoptosis and...
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Pes equinovarus:New Treatment Strategies and Pathogenetic Mechanisms
Ošťádal, Martin ; Herget, Jan (advisor) ; Vízek, Martin (referee) ; Poul, Jan (referee)
Idiopathic pes equinovarus (also referred to as clubfoot) is a congenital deformity of the foot and lower leg; it has five components: equinus, varus, adductus, cavus and supination of the foot. At present two principle methods are mostly used for the treatment of clubfoot: physiotherapy and continuous motion without immobilization and the Ponseti method (serial manipulation, cast application, Achilles tenotomy and transposition of m. tibilalis ant.). This method has been reported to have short-term success rates approaching 100%, and the long-term results have been equally impressive. We believe, however, that the data on the success rate may be significantly influenced by the duration of the period after termination of the treatment. The purpose of the first part of our study was, therefore, to compare the short-term (up to three years) and long-term (three to seven years) results of treatment of idiopathic clubfeet with the Ponseti method and to determine the factors for recurrence. We have tested the hypothesis whether is it possible to cure all clubfeet with the Ponseti method only. We have found significant difference between the evaluation of the short- term and long-term results: the number of relapses during the first three years of treatment, indicated for surgical intervention, was...
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Regulation of parameters of biological activity of colorectal cancer
Svobodová, Šárka ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Beneš, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been considered to be the most frequent cancer disease based on prevalence rate and mortality rate. The earlier diagnostics provides the better therapy outcomes. Many new laboratory tests and techniques for early detection of CRC have been developed recently. Not many of the can be used for daily routine clinical practice so far. The aim of this dissertation thesis was to measure a large spectrum of parameters in patients with early stage of CRC and to evaluate them for routine practice, as they may play a potential regulatory role in cancer development and control process. (...) Our finding of a very low sensitivity of tumor markers CEA and CA 19-9 for CRC in early stages I.-III. is fully corresponding with literature data. When monitoring some parameters during chemotherapy course we have found that only TK seems to be important for adjuvant therapy control, but TK and CEA and CA 19-9 can be used of palliative therapy monitoring. TK increases after every chemotherapy cycle but it decreases before the beginning of the following cycle if the therapy is successful. But it is continuously increasing if the therapy is unsuccessful. CEA and CA 19-9 are permanently within reference intervals in adjuvant therapy. Before palliative therapy beginning all the parameters are elevated and...
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Klusáčková, Pavlína ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Hajduková, Zdeňka (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
Early diagnosis of occupational asthma is important especially for the prognosis of this disease. The confirmation of the diagnosis of occupational asthma is sometimes difficult using diagnostic methods available nowadays. That is why searching new methods is very important. Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry enables the separate detection of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) - LTC4, LTD4, LTE4; LTB4 and 8-isoprostane. If patients with occupational asthma and controls were compared, only LTC4 was significantly higher among all EBC parameters studied in asthmatics (despite corticosteroid treatment). This marker could be used in the future diagnostics. Monitoring of 24-hours variability of EBC parameters in patients, in whom occupational asthma is suspected, showed relatively high intraindividual and interindividual variation. It is evident therefore, that if only one daily measurement in asthmatics would be possible (which is common in articles of several authors), it should be collected in the same period of day in all persons. In negative bronchoprovocation tests significant changes of EBC parameters were not found. The evaluation of positive bronchoprovocation tests was limited by small number of patients, however in five persons from six, the...
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Experimental pulmonary embolism - pathophysiological aspects
Mizera, Roman ; Herget, Jan (advisor) ; Lischke, Robert (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
- Experimental pulmonary embolism, pathophysiological aspects MUDr. Roman Mizera Theoretical part of the thesis deals with mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism (PE) and summarizes the knowledge of literary sources in this issue. Peripherally deals with the mechanical obstruction of pulmonary vessels, particularly discusses vasoconstriction after the PE. In the experimental part are described three separate experiments. The first experiment tested effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preventive administration their scavenger - superoxide dismutase inhibitor tempol on basal perfusion pressure, vasoconstriction, NO synthase activity and the production of NOx after acute PE. Results show that after PE grows NO synthase activity and the production of NOx, the administration of tempol reduces basal perfusion pressure and vasoconstriction after PE. In the second experiment, we measured basal perfusion pressure and vasoconstriction after PE in lungs exposed to 5 day chronic hypoxia. We tested influence of PDE-5 inhibitor sildenafil on the pulmonary vessels tone. Sildenafil decreased basal pressure after PE in chronic hypoxia, its administration does not affect the pulmonary vasoconstriction of pulmonary vessels, but increases their compliance. The last project tested effect...
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Phenomenon of homelessness in contemporary Czech society in confrontation with situation and approach in EU
Vízek, Martin ; Háva, Petr (advisor) ; Angelovská, Olga (referee)
The aim of this thesis is an analysis of aspects of establishment of publicly political issue of homelessness in contemporary Czech society. It focuses in particular on the analysis of the dimension of the selected issue and on detecting and defining of various resolution examples applied to homelessness within the framework of the Czech Republic and European Union. It attempts to survey the contemporary homelessness situation in the Czech Republic by means of methods selected from the sphere of public politics from the perspective of experts, general public as well as the perspective of the people without shelter themselves by means of registration of their individual stories acquired by direct questioning. One of the substantial components of the thesis comprises the delimitation and definition of the cognitive problem which constitutes the initial stage for the comprehension of surveyed issue and implementation of the analysis from the perspective of public politics. The thesis focuses in particular on the issue of homelessness in the Czech Republic and on the aspects closely connected with the phenomenon, which reflects in the mirror of public politics at most.
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Retrospective diagnosis of unknown cause of sudden infant death
Strnadová, Kristina ; Lebl, Jan (advisor) ; Janda, Jan (referee) ; Plavka, Richard (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
Background: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is defined as sudden unexpected death of an infant that remains unexplained after thorough post-mortem examination, investigation of the scene of death and case history. The autopsy findings and the physiological characteristics of these infants suggest a possible role of insufficient cardiorespiratory control and arousal mechanisms. The etiology is probably multifactorial based on a genetic predisposition combined with environmental factors. Several candidate genes have been studied, e.g. those involved in serotonin transport, autonomic nervous system embryology, inflammation, energy production, nicotine and glucose metabolism. A small number of cases may be caused by monogenic diseases that can lead to sudden death and leave no characteristic autopsy findings and thus imitate SIDS. Fatty acid beta-oxidation disorders (FAOD) have been associated with SIDS since 1976 and it is nowadays estimated that they may be responsible for about 1% of SIDS cases. Congenital long QT syndrome, a cardiac channelopathy, that may cause a fatal arrhythmia was a logical candidate for SIDS and indeed it was found out that about 9,5% of SIDS cases carry a mutation or a function changing variant in one of seven cardiac ion channel genes. We assumed that the severe salt...
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New biomarkers for prognostication after cardiac arrest
Vondráková, Dagmar ; Málek, Filip (advisor) ; Vízek, Martin (referee) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee)
Cardiac arrest is an extremely serious condition characterized by global ischemia followed by reperfusion after successful resuscitation and restoration of spontaneous circulation. Despite all advances in current medicine, the prognosis of cardiac arrest survivors remains very poor. One of the major problems in these patients is, therefore, the early and reliable determination of the prognosis that is necessary for choosing the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach. However, the current possibilities for early prognostication in cardiac arrest survivors remain very limited. The aims of our work were: (i) to study the possibilities of influencing oxidative stress as one of the key pathogenic factors involved in the development of so-called post-cardiac arrest syndrome; and (ii) to determine the prognostic value of copeptin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and markers of oxidative stress in cardiac arrest survivors. In the experimental part of the work we used porcine model of cardiac arrest for the comparison of the effects of hypothermia, ischemic postconditioning (IPC) and administration of nitric oxide (NO) on oxidative stress burden and organ damage; we found that neither NO nor IPC did have a superior protective effect over hypothermia. In the clinical part we have in several...
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