|
|
The spirit in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit: Antigone and Rameau's nephew in dialectical conflict
Matějčková, Tereza ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Sobotka, Milan (referee)
The work seeks to gain an understanding of the concept of spirit in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. The objective will be met by means of Hegel's interpretation of Sophocles' Antigone and Diderot's Rameau's Nephew. In its most immediate form the spirit appears as an organically structured whole which Hegel identifies with the Greek ethical substance. Superficially this substance is conceived as a harmonious organism; in reality - as Antigone's and Creon's paradigmatic conflict shows - it is beset by inner conflicts. The once unitary and organically structured spirit decomposes into individual forms of consciousness during the Roman period and develops in further course into a subject freed from anything substantial. It is in this course of the spirit evolving into a subject that Hegel presents his interpretation of Rameau's Nephew. Rameau represents the self-negating and self-destructive spirit, who has completely identified with Antigone's and Creon's revolt and has lost the capability of accepting anything not issuing from his consciousness. The last part of the work presents the spirit as a movement seeking to encompass both of these extremes, i.e. the extreme of the substance devoid of subject as well as the extreme of subject negating the substance. In the context of the Phenomenology of...
|
|
|
Trope, symbol, figure. An approach to the philosophy of language of Solomon Maimon. Between Kant and the era of romanticism
Pargačová, Lucie ; Hlobil, Tomáš (advisor) ; Zátka, Vlastimil (referee) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee)
Disertace se zabývá v českém prostředí téměř neznámým židovským myslitelem pokantovského období Salomonem Maimonem (1753-1800). Problematiku jazyka sleduje v chronologickém sledu Maimonových stěžejních děl. Východisko tvoří úvahy o tropech a metafoře, které jsou srovnány s vůdčími předkantovskými osvícenskými pozicemi (Ch. Wolff, J. G. Sulzer) a náhledy I. Kanta. Pozornost je věnována proměnám Maimonových stanovisek, jež jsou zachyceny výkladem termínů symbol a figura. Představení Maimonova svébytného pojetí se odehrává na pozadí výkladu těchto termínů ve filosofickém diskursu 18. století a nastávající epochy zvané Goethezeit. Abstract in English: The thesis is concerned with the concept of language in general and the tropes, symbol, and figure in particular as conceived in one of the most distinctive figures of post- Kantian philosophy, Solomon Maimon (1753-1800). The point of departure is Maimon's challenge to the theories of metaphorical nature of language, which were widespread in eighteenth-century British, French and German philosophy. Maimon articulated his core argument in the article Was sind Tropen (1789) and continued to work out the focus of it in his later works (Apendix on Symbolic Cognition and Philosophical Language 1790; Philosophical Dictionary, 1791; On Philosophical and...
|
|
| |
|
|
Joseph Soloveitchik's philosophy of religion
Lyčka, Milan ; Sobotka, Milan (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee) ; Sláma, Petr (referee)
Joseph Soloveitchik (1903 - 1993), rabbi and philosopher, one of the most important representatives of modern Jewish Orthodoxy, has made an attempt to translate traditional Jewish religious concepts in the language of modern science and philosophy. As a philosopher, he was versed in the Neo-Kantian philosophy of the Marburg School, as a rabbi he was under the influence of the so-called Analytical School, founded in Eastern Europe by members of his family. From the philosophical heritage of Neo-Kantianism he adopted the emphasis on the pureness of thought, understood as mathematical and scientific, and from the direct Kant's inheritance he endorsed particularly his a priori concept of pure forms of sensible intuition and cognitive categories. The Analytic School affected him through their emphasis on a non-historical analysis of religious concepts, leading to their deeper knowledge, and in the same time establishing a new relation to the Transcendent. In this way, Soloveitchik has rehabilitated religion as a noesis and aimed at its philosophical reflection. The central notion of his religious philosophy is halakhah, traditionally conceived as a set of norms and commandments ruling the life of a practising Jew. In Soloveitchik's view the halakhah has become a philosophical concept, a hermeneutic key to the...
|
|
|
Hegel's criticism of the German historical law school in the Philosophy of Law
Holý, Václav ; Sobotka, Milan (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee)
This work deals with the problem of hi s tory and historicity of man, society and laws. Hegel stands at the end of a long philosophical tradition and has developed a complex framework, which allows the explanation of all these phenomena and their development. The care of this explanation i s the understanding of the world as rational - the world is the product of the self-conscious idea. And more, the hi s tory is progress of the very same idea towards its own realisation in this world. Hegel sees the whole scenery from the point of view of "the end of history" and it is this position, which allows him to understand the laws governing it. Hegel likes to call his philosophy science and system and as such is this philosophy justifiable only on the grounds of its explicative power. Central terms of Hegels understanding of the society and laws are freedom, will, person and personality, which are again manifestations of the sole idea of reason. The work deals with their conception in Hegels philosophy and their functioning in the explanation of the development of the human society towards reason. Hegel sees the historical law school as an enemy of this development, as an effort to save the past. -we have tried to show that the historical law school is a much more complex phenomenon. Hugo and Savigny have tried...
|
|
|
Voltammetric determination of 1-nitropyrene using silver solid amalgam electrode in miniaturized detection cell
Karásek, Jindřich ; Navrátil, Tomáš (referee) ; Schwarzová, Karolina (advisor)
Jindřich Karásek, diplomová práce KATA 2010 Abstract Meniscus-modified silver solid amalgam electrode was used in miniaturized detection cell. It was constructed for determination of various analytes in decreased volume using 1-nitropyrene as a model analyte. Working electrode was placed together with reference (Ag/AgCl/3 mol.l-1 KCl) and Pt wire auxiliary electrode in miniaturized voltammetric cell, using 120 µl of base electrolyte for measurements. The oxygen was removed from measured solutions by addition of saturated solution of sodium sulphite. Base electrolyte was composed of methanol and Britton - Robinson buffer pH12,0 in the ratio of 7:3. Determination was optimized for DC voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Limits of quantitation were comparable of about 4.10-6 mol.l-1 in both cases. The methods showed reproducible results with relative standard deviation <3.65 % (n = 10).
|
|
| |
|
|
The theory of alienation in the young Marx
Šaffek, Martin ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee) ; Sobotka, Milan (advisor)
Ve své práci se budu zabývat teorií odcizení Karla Marxe, kterou považuji za humanistické jádro díla tohoto autora. Chci se na tuto teorii soustředit v období, kdy ji mladý Marx rozvíjí především kolem roku 1844, tedy v době psaní Ekonomicko-tilosotických rukopis ačkoliv zastávám názor, že koncept odcizení je pro Marxe zásadním v průběhu celého jeho tvůrčího života. Teorií odcizení u pozdního Marxe a spory kolem ní, např. kritikou L. Althussera, se však v práci z důvodu limitu rozsahu nezabývám. K překladu a terminologii: na veřejnosti se první a nedokončené vydání Ekonomicko-tilosotických rukopisů objevilo v ruštině v roce 1927, v roce 1932 pak vyšly verze německé, ruské a francouzské. V češtině vyšel spis poprvé v pí·ekladu Zbyi1ka Sekala v roce 1961, v roce 1978 pak vyšel druhý překlad pořízený J. Peškovou a J. Peškem. V roce 2004 vyšly také ukázky z Rukopisů v rámci publikace knihy E. Fromma "Obraz člověka u Marxe". V této publikaci byl převzat překlad Peškové a Peška a upraven Michalem Hauserem. Citace v použité v mé práci jsou ze Sekalova pl·ekladu. Citáty z novějšího Hauserem upraveného překladu jsem nepoužíval, vzhledem k tomu, že se jedná o výi1atek, by se totiž v mé práci lišila terminologie v citátech z větší části prvního rukopisu, který nebyl otištěn ve Frommově knize a v citátech ze zbytku...
|
|
|
Schelling's idea of the Absolute and Fall in his Philosophie und Religion
Vilímek, Jan ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The work deals with concepts of the Absolute and the Fall in Schelling's writing "Philosophy and Religion", written in 1804. The idea of the absolute, as we can find it in author's previous text "Bruno, or On the Nature and the Divine Principle of Things" (1802) is briefly characterised in the first chapter. In this phase of thought Schelling deals with the problematics of emanation of finite things from the absolute. It turns out, that the identity philosophy does not provide adequate means to master it. The possible way-out can be seen in his decision to enrich the existing concept of the identity philosophy by the freedom phenomenon. Kant's conception of radical evil in human nature is analysed in great detail in the second chapter. After development of the idea of absolute and fall it is obvious, that Schelling got inspired here mainly by the conception of intelligible act as founding atemporal act of freedom. The intelligible act is grasped not only as self-determination of finite human will, but as a condition of existence of an un-absolute, empirically realistically differentiated world of finite ratios and structures. We can see the transfer of concepts, which originally served to description of moral principles of human action to the ontology domain. The third chapter deals with the structure of...
|
|
| |
guest ::
