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Family values and their changes affected by the year 1989
Nekvindová, Radka ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Prudký, Libor (referee)
This thesis deals with family and its values. It focuses on changing attitudes to family in the context of social transformation after 1989. At the beginning of the thesis there are defined the basic functions of family and types of families. The following describes the historical evolution of family from the early Middle Ages to the present. It tries to capture the changes associated with the second demographic transition and to describe what this transition was concerned with and if it is linked with the situation in the Czech Republic after 1989. It describes values in general and approaches to research of values. The last part is devoted to analysis of family values, which is done by comparing questions from the three waves of "European Values Study" surveys. The main goal of this thesis was to verify whether people's attitudes to family after 1989 have changed and how it affected demographics.
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The Transformation of the Heroism of Labour in the Era of Socialism
Navrátilová, Marcela ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Maslowski, Nicolas (referee)
Marcela Navrátilová, The Transformation of the Heroism of Labour in the Era of Socialism Abstract: The term of heroism of labour, purpose of which, originally, was to praise the value of labour to the country, became over the time a mere phrase of political manipulation. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the discourse of the term as presented to the wide public by the daily newspaper Rude Pravo during the era of socialism. The framework of the study is based on comparison of four stages significant to the development of the socialism in Czechoslovakia: first of all, the early years of 1950's - the era of Stalinism and initial years of building the state-socialism, the second half of 1960's - also known as the period of the Thaw, thirdly, the normalization years of the 1970's and lastly, the second half of 1980's - the final years of the Communist era in Czechoslovakia. These four periods were used as a platform for comparing the change and the development of heroism of labour. The thesis constitutes of methodological preface introducing the method used in my research and a theoretical introduction explaining the key terms of labour and the discourse of socialism, and also, explaining the role of Rude Pravo in Czechoslovakia between the years 1948 - 1989. These two parts are followed by the analytical...
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Gamers fighting depression - Strategies of video game players against feelings of depression
Ováry, Šimon ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis examines the motivation of players of video games for their playing, and the strategy of these players for overcoming feelings of depression, using the methods of grounded theory. The first part deals with the approach of sociology and selected studies towards the issue of video games and mental disorders, to which I then relate the findings of my own research at the final chapter. In the second part of this work I present what methodology has been used and how. In the final part I lead a discussion about the findings and outcomes of my research.
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The Humanities versus the Technical Education - The Analysis of the Media Discourse in Nationwide Czech Newspapers (Comparison of Discourse Produced in 1990/1 and 2015)
Bartůňková, Dana ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Řezníková, Sylva (referee)
Diploma thesis The Humanities versus the Technical Education - The Analysis of the Media Discourse in Nationwide Czech Newspapers (Comparison of Discourse Produced in 1990/1 and 2015) is trying to cover the most significant differences and similarities between two media discourses and also their change related to a social transformation caused by the political transformation. This thesis is divided into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part focuses on a transformation of a definition of terms in dictionaries and encyclopaedias. The theoretical part also deals with the Humanities and Technical Education discussion not only in Czech but also abroad. By applying a critical discourse analysis the empirical part analyses an education discourse in Nationwide Czech Newspapers in the two periods (in 1990/1 and in 2015). A goal of this thesis is cover these two discourses, social actors, main themes and arguments. The conclusion of the empirical part is made of a comparison of these discourses and of a demonstration of the differences and similarities. Key words: humanities, technical education, media discourse, critical discourse analysis
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(Re)construction of the Kosovo Crisis. The Kosovo Crisis from the view of the selected historical-sociological theories
Dobešová, Jana ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Německý, Marek (referee)
1. ABSTRACT The goal of my work is to reconstruct the Kosovo crisis, that led to NATO intervention on Yugoslavia during spring of 1999. The event is analyzed from two dimensions; the first observes and compares existing interpretations of the crisis- causes, process, solutions and consequences, including possible predictions. The other dimension interprets crisis from the view of international relationships. Studying historical sociology made me watch the world, actions, actors, complexly. I realized, that phenomenons don't exist just to be her for themselves, but they are the different parts of a system, that is connected by different ties, and sustained by rules. Kosovo crisis is a differently interpreted event. The different presentations derive from the discourses under which they formed. Kosovo crisis has its historiographical facts- place, time and actor, on to which social constructs lean and which form. Kosovo crisis is a social construct, historical milestone, symbol, stage, game, field and a process. In my work I aim to prove these claims by analyzing the interpretations and applying the international relationship theories.
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The Nazi ideology in relation to persons with mental disabilities
Kučerová, Zuzana ; Marková, Alena (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
Diploma thesis "Nazi ideology in relation to mentally ill people" focuses on starting points and ideas of this ideology, which in its consequences led to social exclusion and subsequent systematic extermination of people with a certain handicap. Although the thesis is limited in time from 1933 - 1945, it also follows development line of selected scientific disciplines, which were significantly reflected in the Nazi ideology. Primarily it concerns historical science, medical disciplines, genetics, racial hygiene, eugenic origins and other related disciplines. The thesis also takes into account the economic situation of that time with its many social problems which arose as a result of the new geopolitical arrangement after the World War I and the changes in the social world of that period and it also captures the process of changes in the social status of mentally ill people in the course of history. Last but not least, it describes the practical consequences of these changes, which were "forced sterilization" and "euthanasia" of both children and adults. The Nazi ideology is viewed in this regard from three perspectives: legal, theoretical with a broader historical context and on the practical level in the form of the consequences of the two previous perspectives. Key words: nazi ideology, mental...
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House arrest as an instrument of penal policy
Králová, Lucie ; Cejp, Martin (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis, dealing with "House arrest as an instrument of penal policy", reflects problems of ineffective system, increasing the number of prison sentences imposed, exceeding prison capacities and consequential violation of fundamental human rights. In response to improperly configured system of penal policy, in 2010 a new Act no. 40/2009 Coll., The Penal Code was implemented, introducing new institute of house arrest to the Czech justice system. Philosophy of house arrest is in punishing the perpetrator, while maintaining positive relationships that would be otherwise disrupted by his imprisonment. Presented thesis evaluates the implementation of the punishment, reflects benefits, disadvantages and actual barriers in its successful implementation, using expert interviews.
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Political discourse of infertility in the years 1989 - 2012 in the Czech Republic
Kostelecká, Hana ; Dudová, Radka (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis describes and analyses discourses that preceded the legislation changes regarding assisted reproduction in connection with setting an upper age limit for women who are undergoing assisted reproduction treatments in socialist system as well as in democratic system. This work defined discourses of both political systems compares with the accent on governmentality as a tool for population control. This analysis is valuable primarily because of describing principles of working the whole "system of assisted reproduction" and provides insight into the political discourse of infertility, respective on its part concerning the Czech legislation taking into account the phenomenon of reproductive tourism. No one from the topics - both the political discourse of infertility then the reproductive tourism have not had been in the Czech literature written up yet. The work shows the establishment of proper parenting standards in the political discourse through the topic of artificial insemination. Key words Infertility, assisted reproduction, reproductive tourism, discourse, frames, normality of motherhood, prekarization of infertility, governmentality, biopower, Michel Foucault
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Voluntary childlessness as a social phenomenon
Vychová, Šárka ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of voluntary childlessness, which, among other things, with regard to the low birth rate, resonates by our society. Its aim is to describe the concept of voluntary childlessness from a sociological point of view, to summarize existing sociological researches on this topic, and primarily to analyze the opinions and motives of women who have opted for voluntary childlessness. For the practical part is used qualitative method of Grounded Theory. The research itself takes the form of in-depth semi-structured interviews, which, thanks to the possibility of responding to specific communication partners, offer the opportunity to look into the lives and values of voluntarily childless women. The conclusion summarizes and interprets knowledge about the opinions and motives of voluntarily childless and offers the professional public a better understanding of this issue.
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Image of the enemy in the discourse of security forces
Jeřábková, Darina ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Cviklová, Lucie (referee)
The "internal enemy" was a formal term heavily represented in the language of the State Security (a secret service of the Czechoslovak Republic and Czechoslovak Socialist Republic), denoting a specified category of opponents to the then regime. The State Security's task was to protect the socialist and social system by fighting the external and internal enemies, with the security forces having been the authorities deciding who met the criteria. The thesis entitled "The Internal Enemy Image in the Discourse of Security Forces" aims to find out how the discourse of the State Security defined the term "internal enemy". The thesis is divided into the theoretical and empirical parts. The empirical part applies the qualitative analysis of the discourse to search for the characteristic of the term "internal enemy". All of the texts analysed in the thesis come from the Security Services Archive, administering relevant files of the era, and date back to the 1950s-1980s.
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