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Methods and results of therapeutic effect's research
Hořejš, Nikola ; Junková, Vendula (referee) ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor)
This paper analyzes methods of therapeutic effect's research, its advantages and limitations. It describes the theory of therapeutic change, medical model of measurements and randomized clinical trials. Based on this we suggest a three-level evaluation of change, where clinical, statistical and comparative (effect size) view is used. We conclude that the high effectiveness of therapy has been proven, but it has not been determined so far, which therapy is the most effective and for which diagnosis. The techniques of therapies are far less relevant than the capabilities of the therapist and client and the common factors. In the empirical part we measure the effect of sevenweeks- long outpatient therapeutic community program at Horni Palata. In a non-RCT study with 162 clients we found, that the change was positive and statistically significant. The evaluation differs much with the tool (SCL-90, DZS, MMPI-2) and method that is used. The percentage of clinically improved ranges form 25 to 68, the effect size is between 0.33 and 0.66. The effect doesn't differ with sex, age, medication, diagnosis and therapist, but it correlates with the pre-treatment scores.
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The psychology of happiness: the possibilities of happiness changes
Řechková, Ludmila ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor)
The thesis deals with psychological theories of happiness. It analyzes the definitions of particular authors in order to review their variance and concordance. It assumes treating happiness as an affect as too reducing. It attempts to offer actual and complex view of happiness in psychology. It introduces theories how humans process how much they are happy and how these processes are carried out at various psychological functioning levels. The paper also describes time-sequential framework from momentary intensive feeling to happiness as a long-term appraisal of human life. It raises a question if happiness is a psychological state, personality trait or process and tries to find an answer which would be consistent with actual psychological knowledge. It brings the newest findings about hedonic treadmill and set-point theories research. Last but not least, it examines happiness increasing strategies and tests one of them in the empirical part.
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Elements as a metaphor of personality
Abramčuk, Filip ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Srnec, Jan (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The project deals theoretically and empirically with a mechanism the metaphor of four elements works used by personality description. It is based on the theory of conceptual metaphor, on the categorization and the theory of prototypes and on the theory of folk models. Empirically it is devoted to these research goals: 1. To find out what meaning are the strongest atributed to each element and to map systematically their semantic space. 2. To contribute to the operationalization of the elements, to deepen the conceptual and content validity of the test Four Elements and to support significantly the theoretical-empirical base of the four elements as a metaphor of personality description in psychology. 3. To find out relations between the concept of elements and other personality conceptions represented by standardized personality tests. A semantic diferential, a list of personality descriptors (adjectives) and personality tests (Four Elements, MBTI, EPQ-R, NEO) were used for data collection. The results shows significant consensus among meanings atributed to each element, esp. in case of fire and earth, and significant relations among dimensions of the personality tests.
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Elements as a metaphor of personality
Abramčuk, Filip ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Srnec, Jan (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The project deals theoretically and empirically with a mechanism the metaphor of four elements works used by personality description. It is based on the theory of conceptual metaphor, on the categorization and the theory of prototypes and on the theory of folk models. Empirically it is devoted to these research goals: 1. To find out what meaning are the strongest atributed to each element and to map systematically their semantic space. 2. To contribute to the operationalization of the elements, to deepen the conceptual and content validity of the test Four Elements and to support significantly the theoretical-empirical base of the four elements as a metaphor of personality description in psychology. 3. To find out relations between the concept of elements and other personality conceptions represented by standardized personality tests. A semantic diferential, a list of personality descriptors (adjectives) and personality tests (Four Elements, MBTI, EPQ-R, NEO) were used for data collection. The results shows significant consensus among meanings atributed to each element, esp. in case of fire and earth, and significant relations among dimensions of the personality tests.
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Coaching - the part of professional development
Říhová, Jana ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee) ; Wagnerová, Irena (advisor)
This work deals with subject of coaching as a part of the professional development. The first part is devoted to the theoretical initial data of the coaching. There are summarily described definitions that can be found in specialized literature. A strong attention has been given also to historical and philosophical principles of coaching. Having presented this essential information the work defines coaching compared with its related branches as consultancy, training, mentoring or psychotherapy. In a separate chapter, the process of coaching, its principles, stages and basic models have been treated. Two main types of coaching are mentioned in brief. A more extensive chapter has been dedicated to the personality characteristics of a coach and his function depending on his position in the company. Conclusion of the first part is focused on questions of ethics in the coaching process. The second half of this work is represented by a practical part describing two research studies - a qualitative and a quantitative. In the course of the qualitative research there have been obtained information and opinions on coaching in semi-structured interviews from the leading Czech coaches. The quantitative research is focused on analysis of efficiency perception of the coaching as a method by persons that took use of it in...
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Crissis as a reflection of personal values, or the structure of semantic space in area of crisis situations in Buddhists, Christians and atheists
Klouda, Martin ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee) ; Štětovská, Iva (advisor)
The aim of the paper is to explore the relationship between spiritual orientation and attitudes towards stressful life experiences and emotional manifestations of crises. The theoretical part of the work surveys a wide range of crisis issues and stressful life experiences. Furthermore, it contains a description of how spirituality issues are dealt with in contemporary psychology. The rest of the theoretical part of the work is devoted to delineating various attitudes towards crises and stressful life experiences as depending on different spiritual orientations - those of Buddhists, Christians and atheists. In this part of the paper, I worked with original canonical texts of both the religions - the Bible and Tipitaka. Finally, the theoretical part includes the approach of contemporary psychology towards the questions of stress coping and attitudes. The empirical part of the work first defines the survey research questions. The following parts of the work define the concepts applied in the survey and describe the course of the survey. In order to measure differences among the three studied groups of people of different spiritual orientations - Buddhists, Christians and atheists I used Osgood's, Suci's and Tanenbaum's semantic differential method. The results of the survey in which 84 respondents took part...
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Psychological intervention in company management
Procházka, Marek ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee) ; Rymeš, Milan (advisor)
Paper describes psychological intervention in organization based on Organization Development approach. Theoretical part presents principles, methods and techniques of this discipline, and relevant theory of organization. Key concepts of organizational character, organizational climate and organizational culture are amended with developmental aspect in several theories of organization growth. The principles imply practical advice for implementation of organizational change. This provides theoretical and practical backup for the following intervention. The practical intervention focused on transformation crisis in a production company. Intervention followed action research paradigm with certain practical limitations. Final results are supplemented with recommendations for company intervention derived from practical experience.
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Egon Brunswik and contemporary psychology (from probabilistic functionalism to judgement under uncertainty)
Salih, Osman ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor)
This thesis is about the influence of the theory and thoughts of Egon Brunswik (1903- 1955) in contemporary psychology. The introduction of this work is important for a deliberation of his central ideas as they apply to probability in the history of man. By looking at this background, we can obtain a deeper understanding of the criticism of modern theories of judgment under uncertainty proposed by Kahneman and Tversky created by Brunswikian followers. The proposal of representative research design, the formation of the lens model, and the notion of ecological validity of cues and vicarious functioning are Brunswik's biggest contributions in psychology. With regard to the origin of this thesis, I was delighted to find information about the attempt to replicate Brunswik's experiments with perceptual constancy by a member of the Prague Psychology Department, Jaromir Kasparek, PhD, in the 1950's. Brunswik was a real inspiration for a number of contemporary psychological and other theories, from Hammond's theory of social judgment and the theory of cognitive continuum to Funder's innovative approach in personality judgment and the theory of probabilistic mental models and fast and frugal heuristics of G. Gigerenzer and the multiple cue learning theory.
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