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Situation of women in the high politics at the end of the 1960s and their attitudes towards the Soviet occupation of the ČSSR
Kočišková, Jana ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Pernes, Jiří (referee)
The construed thesis consists of two parts. The first part contains an introduction to the history of the women's political participation in Czechoslovakia from the from the beginning of the Czechoslovak republic to the end of the 1960's and a chapter following on relation of communism and woman question in theory (communist ideology) and in the everyday practice. The centre of the thesis lies in its second part which deals with the situation and position of women in the public and political offices at the end of the 1960's. It is focusing principally on women in the high political offices in 1968: on the politicians working at the National Assembly, Central Commitee of the Communist Party of the Czechoslovakia and in the government. The main direction of the thesis is the attitudes of women to the august occupation of the Czechoslovakia 1968 by the troops of the Warsaw Treaty and their activity in those days. It follows also their previous careers and political activism and the implications of their august activity for their further careers and political path. The construed thesis tries to fill the gap in the scientific research and literature addressing this historical period by extension of the view with the roles of women in the high politics in this key period of our history. The theme of the thesis is...
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Social policy in Czechoslovakia in the period 1945-1948
Hrachová, Sandra ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee)
Social policy plays an important role in all modern societies and affects all members of society. This thesis deals with the transformation of social policy in Czechoslovakia during the years 1945 and 1948 and construction of welfare state. This paper is focused on explanation of concept and areas of social policy, its principles and origins, functions, goals, subjects and position of state and governament among these subjects. Also deal with objects of social policy, its beneficiaries and their estimation of social policy. It seek to appreciate both theoretical formulation and practical execution of social policy on various levels. Implementation of social policy is observed by concrete social and political measures and executing institutions. Great deal of a thesis dissert on social security built up a national insurace act. Thoughly examined is a system of the public social insurance.
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The characteristics of the German occupation politics in Kingdom of Denmark and Protectorate Böhmen und Mähren during the World War II
Nekola, Martin ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Hrbek, Jaroslav (referee)
Téma druhé světové války a především Protektorátu Čechy a Morava je českou historiografií pečlivě zpracováváno, i v dnešní době se setkává s intenzivním zájmem nejen vědecké veřejnosti, ale také publicistiky a širokého čtenářstva. O Protektorátu Cechy a Morava bylo napsáno mnoho prací a mohlo by se zdát, že při zkoumání tohoto období českých dějin již nemůžeme objevovat nové skutečnosti. Přesto nadále existují i možnosti nových náhledů. Jedním z nich je například srovnání vývoje v Čechách a na Moravě se situací v jiných Němci okupovaných zemích. Pro tuto práci jsem zvolil Dánsko, zemi Protektorátu podobnou rozlohou i postavením v tehdejší Evropě. Již v meziválečném období měly oba státy, byť jeden svým zřízením byl parlamentní monarchií a druhý republikou, mnoho společného. Kupříkladu demokratický vývoj a mírovou politiku, avšak bohužel i nebezpečného souseda, nacistické Německo, jež na ně ve svých expanzivních plánech také nezapomnělo. Téma mne zaujalo právě širokými možnostmi zkoumat a porovnávat nám již dobře známou okupační politiku Němců na našem území s postupem nacistů na Jutském poloostrově a přilehlých ostrovech, které tvoří Dánské království. Práce je rozdělena na devět kapitol, popisujících jednotlivé rysy a projevy okupační politiky v Dánsku, v Protektorátu Čechy a Morava, a jejich shrnutí a...
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The attempts to restore the Czech civil society in 1968. The social democracy, Club of the engaged non-party men and K 231 - Association of former political prisoners
Hoppe, Jiří ; Kubů, Eduard (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee) ; Jirásek, Zdeněk (referee)
The major subject of this thesis is to follow the activities of the restoring Czech civil society during the Prague Spring era that were aimed at setting up a plurality political system, at the decomposition of one-party government, or at the changes in the self-contained (closed) National Front system as it had emerged, or had been forcibly formed after 1948 February. The Phenomenon of the restoring civic society has been presented here in three specific models, namely the civic and political activation preserving the efforts to restore a traditional political party (namely Social Democratic Party), to be followed by the pre-political and in its substance clubbing activities of the non-party public in formation of Club of Engaged Non- Party Men, a lucidly nondescript organization; finally then, a formally clearly determinate K- 231 club endeavouring the judicial, civic and social rehabilitation of its members. Within the contexts of the Prague Spring events, these are the most fragrant documents of self-formation of the citizens without assistance of the political power; in the final effects, even against it. The attempt to restore the Social Democracy (Social Democratic Party, SDP in further) during the Prague Spring 1968 era could be appreciated as an intuitive effort to impair the dogma on the so-called...
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People's Militia 1948 - 1969
Bašta, Jiří ; Míšková, Alena (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee) ; Kalous, Jan (referee)
People's Militia 1948-1969 Jiří Bašta Summary This dissertation deals with the armed forces of Czechoslovak communist party (CCP) called the People's Militia (PM), which became one of the guarantors of regime change in February 1948 and the subsequent development of communism. The text itself tries to capture the origin and evolution of the PM in the period from the factual establishment to the end of 1969. This topic has not been processed in this range before. These armed forces of the ruling CCP were formed on voluntary basis by proven members. The PM created the important preventive, repressive and also ideological support of the communist apparatus. Since its inception in 1948, over four decades of lack of freedom, conservative militias were the instrument of power of the totalitarian regime. Despite its importance, the PM were never firmly anchored in the Czechoslovak legislation. De facto, the PM were the "army of the party" outside the legal frame. The militia units developed into relatively well-organized armed forces with a wide scope to carry out tasks in the system of protection and defense of the communist regime ranging from guarding buildings, riots control and in case of war should this "army of the party" fulfill a lot of combat missions at the state territory. For this purpose the members...
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Prokop Drtina (1900-1980). The life of a Czech democrat
Koutek, Ondřej ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Rychlík, Jan (referee) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee)
This dissertation is dedicated to a very important Czech official and later politician Prokop Drtina, whose life was closely linked with the development of democracy in Czechoslovakia. The main objective of this thesis is to draw the attention to this unique person and to illustrate the history of Czechoslovakia on his life story. He was bom on 13 April 1900 into a prominent Czech family. His father, František Drtina, was a famous philosopher and a close collaborator of Professor Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Drtina's childhood was very inspiring because he grew up surrounded by then Czech intellectual elite. Y oung Prokop Drtina was conducted by his interest in history and politics to a study of the law faculty in Prague. After studying law, Prokop Drtina started his professional career in the Czech Tax Directorate and his public activities date back to the same time. In 1925, he joined the newly established National Labour Party which, however, totally failed and was disbanded after five years of activity. In 1928, he left it and joined the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party where he stayed to the end of his political career. Prokop Drtina also played an important role in the activities of the prestigious debating club "The Present" ("Přítomnost"). After that, he was also one of the editors of "Democratic...
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CSSR/GDR opposition after 1968: a comparison of paths to opposition, mutual perception, plus views of the security bodies
Vilímek, Tomáš ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Bureš, Jan (referee) ; Otáhal, Milan (referee)
This thesis as submitted has been devoted to comparison of anti-regime activities in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (CSSR) and in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) after 1968. It does not represent a complete survey of opposition movements in the countries subjected to comparison; more likely, it should be a comparative study focused essentially to three fundamental thematic fields. Following the outline of state of contemporary research in the matter, a survey of major (principal) archive sources and, last but not least, the methodology of elaboration of this theses, the author has been focused at the issue of typology of the anti-regime activities, without aiming to expand further the typological scale with new terms, for that one seems to be rich enough already. Rather, it accents the needs of mutual interconnection of these categorisation attempts with some individual aspects of the opposition conduct. Consequently, proper attention has been devoted to the issue of social anchoring of the opposition activities, as well as to a search of key factors of transformation; of a rebirth, in fact, of social refusal into opposition as such.
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The Communist party of Czechoslovakia in the Pilsen region in 1945-1948
Šlouf, Jakub ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee)
Léta 1945-1948 v Československu bývají současnou historiografii klasifikována jako přechodné období mezi dvěma totalitami, nacistickou a komunistickou. Zatímco nacistický režim byl od počátku českou veřejností vnímán jako cizorodý německý prvek, poválečný nástup Komunistické strany Československa (KSČ) vycházel nejen z impulsů zahraničně politické situace, ale byl též podporován velkou částí české společnosti. Do KSČ vstoupilo ještě před únorem 1948 přibližně 1 300 000 členů. V parlamentních volbách v roce 1946 získala KSČ v českých zemích politický mandát od 40 % voličů. "Lehkost" s jakou KSČ dokázala nastolit v Československu v únoru 1948 svůj totalitní režim, hluboce kontrastovala s průběhem vniku komunistických diktatur v okolních státech sovětské sféry vlivu. Československý komunismus totiž nebyl zdaleka jen sovětským importem, ale naopak navazoval na četné kulturní a politické tradice předválečné éry (levicoví intelektuálové, rusofilství, početná členská základna KSČ).1 Právě s ohledem na tyto skutečnosti nelze mocenský vzestup KSČ v letech 1945-1948 popisovat pouze pohledem "shora", očima zákulisní politiky stranických špiček. KSČ nebyla, a jako "masová" strana ani být nemohla, homogenním celkem. Existovaly velké rozdíly mezi jednotlivými organizačními úrovněmi KSČ od řadových členů, přes funkcionáře...
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The Czech political parties 1945-1946
Pehr, Michal ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Marek, Pavel (referee) ; Pernes, Jiří (referee)
Michal Pehr: Czech Political Parties 1945-1946 Resumé Ph.D. thesis Czech Political Parties 1945-1946 by Michal Pehr is focused on Czech political parties between 1945-1946. In eight chapters the author describes their renewal after World War II and their activities upto the May elections in 1946. In this period a new system of political parties was introduced, known as either National Front, Popular Democracy, or Afterwar Democracy. Its main aim was to reduce shortcomings of pre-war democracy, to secure peace and to improve conditions of society. Broad economic, political, and social reforms were to be the main means to these desired aims. In the period the changes took place as broad as nationalization, transfer of Germans, punishment of colaboraters with the German occupants as well as some limits had been imposed on the number of political parties and political freedoms. This concept of politics was to better the life for all and for that reason it was called popular-democracy. It was supposed to imply more freedom, rights and social advantages for all. A new system, however, soon showed serious shortcomings, such as the rapid growth of bureaucracy and corruption. In this period also the struggle of the Communists to take over all political power was growing. In other words this period was the time of...
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