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Case Study of Physiotherapeutic care for a Patient Diagnosed with total knee arthroplasty
Svoboda, Roman ; Sohrová, Jana (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapeutic care for a patient diagnosed with total knee arthroplasty. Aims: The aim of this bachelor thesis is the theoretical elaboration of osteoarthritis issues focusing on the knee joint and the indication for total knee arthroplasty, as well as the processing of a case study of physiotherapeutic care for a patient with this diagnosis and the evaluation of the therapy provided. Methods: The general part was elaborated through a review of theoretical foundations regarding osteoarthritis issues and the indication for total knee arthroplasty. Theoretical aspects covered in detail include the anatomy of the knee joint, definitions of osteoarthritis, its pathokinetic consequences for movement, clinical examination, osteoarthritis treatment, indications for total knee arthroplasty, as well as physiotherapeutic methods and procedures used for this diagnosis. The special part includes a case study of patient M.S. diagnosed with status post-implantation of total knee arthroplasty of the left knee joint. The case study emerged as a result of my bachelor internship at the Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun from January 15, 2024, to February 9, 2024. It comprises patient history, initial kinesiological analysis, therapy proposal, therapeutic sessions, and final kinesiological...
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Physiotherapy care of a patient after total hip arthroplasty
Trousil, Tadeáš ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Hejlová, Lucie (referee)
Author: Tadeáš Trousil Title: Physiotherapy care of a patient after total hip arthroplasty Aims: The aim of this thesis is to elaborate basic data concerning total hip arthroplasty followed by a case report of a patient after this procedure. Another aim was to evaluate the physiotherapeutic interventions presented in this case report in terms of their effectiveness. Methods: The general part contains information about anatomy, kinesiology, biomechanics and management of osteoarthritis of the hip joint. This is followed by a case report on physiotherapy care of the patient, which includes the initial and output kinesiological analysis, therapy design and therapeutic unit. Finally, an evaluation of the therapy and its results is presented. The concurrent professional practice, during which this work was prepared, took place in the period from 22 January to 16 February 2024 in the facility Poliklinika AGEL Italská. A total of 8 therapeutic units, each lasting 30 minutes, were conducted with the patient. Results: In the general part I have elaborated the theoretical knowledge about the diagnosis of total hip arthroplasty. In the special part I have developed a complete case report of a patient with this diagnosis. The effect of the therapy in the conclusion can be evaluated as positive, as the gait...
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Case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of a patient with a pertrochanteric fracture of the femur
Dohnalová, Mariana ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
Author: Mariana Dohnalová Supervisor: PhDr. Lenka Žáková, Ph.D. Title: Case study of physiotherapeutic treatment of a patient with a pertrochanteric fracture of the femur Objectives: The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to search for and summarize the theoretical knowledge related to pertrochanteric femur fractures and to develop a case study describing the physiotherapeutic procedures used in the rehabilitation of a patient suffering from this diagnosis. Methods: In the theoretical part, data collection from scientific literature concerning pertrochanteric femur fractures, their treatment, and patient care is utilized. Subsequently, the various physiotherapeutic methods applied in therapy with the patient are described. A special section focuses on managing therapeutic sessions with the patient after a pertrochanteric femur fracture, including initial and final examinations and evaluating the therapy's effect. The case study was developed based on continuous professional practice at the Léčebné a rehabilitační středisko Chvaly from January 8 to February 2, 2024. Results: Physiotherapeutic care led to a significant improvement in the patient's condition, particularly in muscle strength, joint range, joint mobility, and the occurrence of reflex changes. During the therapeutic sessions, there was a...
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Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of a Patient with Diagnosis of subtotal rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament
Moravcová, Ivana ; Sohrová, Jana (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
Author: Ivana Moravcová Title: Case report of physiotherapy care for a patient with a diagnosis of subtotal rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament Objective: The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to develop a case study of physiotherapy care for a patient with a diagnosis of subtotal rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and to process information about the given diagnosis. Methods: The bachelor thesis consists of a theoretical and a special part. The theoretical part contains general information about the knee joint and the given diagnosis, as well as examination and physiotherapy methods and procedures used for the given diagnosis. The special part contains a case study of a patient after a subtotal rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, which consists of an initial kinesiology analysis, an output kinesiology analysis and 8 therapeutic units. I processed the special part during continuous professional practice, which took place at the Beroun Rehabilitation Hospital. Results: If we compare the results of the entrance and exit examinations, we will see an improvement in most aspects. Among the most important improvements are a subjective reduction of pain and a feeling of distrust in the knee joint, as well as an increase in muscle strength and an improvement in stability. Conclusion:...
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The most common sports injuries of motocross riders and possibilities of their prevention
Syrový, Dominik ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
Title: The most common injuries of motocross riders and their prevention Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the frequency of sports injuries sustained by motocross riders in the Czech Republic in year 2021. The thesis, based on a questionnaire survey, also discovers standards of usage of protective equipment and the impact of fitness training (including regeneration). Methods: The thesis uses the method of an anonymous non-standardized questionnaire to analyze the most frequent sports injuries as well as the frequency of usage of protective gear, forms of fitness training, and regeneration in 2021. Respondents were approached directly or via hobby communities and groups on a social network. The analysis itself was carried out in Microsoft Excel. Results: The research group was comprised of 128 respondents who were divided into three categories according to their performance level: hobby - 76, competitive - 35, professional - 17. In compliance with the survey results, the riders in 2021 suffered on average 10,6 contusions per person, 1,7 fracture per person (both predominantly of the upper limb), and 4,7 injuries of joint soft tissues or organs (predominantly in the knee area). The number of injuries, as well as aches in dorsal and cervical areas, rose with the higher level of...
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Synthesis of peptides as potential ligands of aspartate protease HIV and MAY1 and confirmation of their inhibitory activity
Klikarová, Ivana ; Šácha, Pavel (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
The lentivirus known as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted through blood and body fluids, causing the destruction of CD4 lymphocytes and leading to opportunistic infections that define acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The urgent need for new antiretroviral drugs stems from concerns about the long-term toxicity of existing drugs, HIV-1 variants resistant to treatment, and frequent changes in patient treatment. Drug development is focused on inhibitors of two viral enzymes, reverse transcriptase and protease. Antiretroviral therapy uses protease inhibitors in combination with nucleoside analogs to effectively suppress viral replication, prolonging the lives of HIV-infected patients and reducing morbidity. Cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii infections primarily affect the immunocompromised population and have high morbidity and mortality rates. Resistance to commonly used antifungals has been emerging, making it more difficult to treat these infections. Protease inhibitor components used in antiretroviral therapies have shown some clinical efficacy in these opportunistic infections, particularly in Major Aspartyl peptidase 1, an aspartate protease belonging to the same family of proteases as the HIV protease. To search for low molecular weight peptide ligands,...
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Analysis of the most common injuries among the players of floorball aged 7-18 and the influence of the compensatory methods on their prevention
Zakonov, Filip ; Vomáčková, Helena (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee)
Author: Bc. Filip Zakonov Supervisor: PhDr. Helena Vomáčková, Ph.D. Title: Analysis of the most common injuries among the players of floorball aged 7-18 and the influence of the compensatory methods on their prevention. Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the most common injuries among young people who regularly play floorball and find out the effect of the intervention of a physiotherapist or the application of compensatory exercises in the training process on the incidence of injuries. It is also important to compare the availability of physiotherapists for individual youth teams and whether the provided care is sufficient to prevent injuries. Furthermore, the aim is to verify whether the most affected segment even among floorball youth is the ankle joint, which in studies focused on the adult category has repeatedly emerged as the most frequently injured area of all parts of the body. Moreover, my effort is to evaluate the most common causes of injuries - whether a collision with another player is more probable risk factor than an injury caused by one's own fault. Methods: The special part consists of a study that was conducted using a non- standardized questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was sent deliberately in an electronic form to all clubs in the Czech Republic via the...
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Preparation and characterization of vesiculin, a two-chain protein derived from IGF-2
Mrzílková, Karolína ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Pačesová, Andrea (referee)
Hormones of insulin family are one of the most studied groups of proteins due to their connection to large number of diseases including type two diabetes mellitus, tumorigenesis and some neurodegenerative diseases. The newest member of this superfamily is a two-chain analogue of IGF-2 called vesiculin. This peptide was originally isolated from secretory granules of mouse βTC6-F7 cell line and is currently believed to have a endocrine or paracrine effect on pancreatic β-cells. Its sequence homology with IGF-2 and structural similarity to insulin foreshadows vesiculin's potential metabolic, proliferation and growth properties and further secures its place as scientifically interesting and clinically lucrative topic. The insulin theme is corelated with insulin resistance, pathological state present primarily in early stages of development of type two diabetes mellitus. Vesiculin is able to stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis even in this condition which differentiates it form insulin and IGF-2 whose glucoregulatory activity is blunted in face of insulin resistance. Further research of vesiculin and insulin family receptor interaction, including dimeric tyrosinekinase receptor for IGF-1 and insulin, but also monomeric IGF-2 receptor, can provide more knowledge on character of this binding...
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Physiological functioning of preptin and its analogs
Mrázková, Lucie ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Obšilová, Veronika (referee)
Preptin is a 34 amino acid long peptide that is derived from pro-IGF2, where it is cleaved from its E-domain and produced together with the matured IGF2. In my thesis we prepared two full-length preptins (mouse and human) and 8 preptin analogues (fragments with or without olefin metathesis). The full-length preptins as well as the preptin fragments were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Mouse or human preptin served as our reference molecule for comparison with the results of bioassays of preptin analogues. All substances were tested for different biological activities to further elucidate the effect of preptin as a possible biologically active substance. We tested the effect on insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, indirectly in- vestigated the effect on bone cell proliferation and tried to approach the discovery of a possible receptor for preptin. From all our results we found that although preptin or some of its analogues have a higher effect than controls, the results are not consistent and the effect is not significantly higher. We were unsuccessful in our search for a receptor, despite having done a number of saturation experiments with radiolabelled preptin in many cell types. We also ruled out at the outset by binding experiments the possibility that preptin is able to bind...
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Lipidized analogs of prolactin-releasing peptide as potential agents for obesity therapy: search for mechanism of action
Karnošová, Alena ; Maletínská, Lenka (advisor) ; Žáková, Lenka (referee) ; Janovská, Petra (referee)
Obesity is a common metabolic condition that is becoming more prevalent globally, but current treatments have limitations. Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), a neuropeptide that reduces food intake after administration to the third ventricle, loses this ability when administered peripherally. However, lipidization of peptides enhances their stability in the bloodstream and facilitates their central effect after peripheral administration. We developed lipidized analogs of PrRP, which have high potential as a treatment option for obesity. We previously demonstrated that peripheral administration of lipidized PrRP analogs led to a substantial reduction in food intake and body weight in mice, with palm-PrRP31 and palm11 -PrRP31 emerging as key analogs. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of these two PrRP31 analogs in vitro. Natural PrRP31 binds to its receptor GPR10 and with high affinity to neuropeptide FF receptor type 2 (NPFFR2), which are both expressed in regions involved in food intake regulation. The palmitoylation of PrRP31 increased their binding and agonist properties for both GPR10 and NPFFR2 receptors. Lipidized analogs exhibited a stronger affinity also for another neuropeptide FF receptor, NPFFR1, suggesting that NPFFR1 could be a new potential...
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