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CSL proteins of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Převorovský, Martin ; Půta, František (advisor) ; Dvořák, Michal (referee) ; Kořínek, Vladimír (referee)
The CSL family of transcription factors is essential for metazoan development,mostly due to their involvement in the Notch signaling pathway. We identified two novel classes of CSL genes in several fungal species, organisms lacking the Notch pathway. We characterized experimentally cbfl I- and cbfl2*, the two CSL genesof Schizosaccharomyces pombe, in order to elucidate the CSL function in fungi. We provide evidence supportingtheir identiý as genuine CSL genes.Both cbfll- and cbfl2- are non-essential; they have distinct expression profiles and code for nuclear proteins with transcription activation potential. Significantly, we demonstratedthat Cbfl1 recognizesspecifically the canonical CSL response element GTGA/6GAA in vitro. The deletion of cbfLt_ is associated with growth phenoýpes and altered colony morphology. Furthermore, we found that Cbfl I and CbfIZ play opposite roles in cell adhesion, nuclear and cell division and their coordination. Disturbed balance of the two CSL proteins leads to cell separationdefects,cut phenotype, and high-frequency diploidization. Our data show that CSL proteins operate in an organism predating the Notch pathway, which should be of relevance to the understandingof (Notch- independent)CSL functions in metazoans.
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Molecular mechanisms involved in genotoxicity of industrially important monomers (styrene, 1,3-butadiene)
Kuricová, Miroslava ; Vodička, Pavel (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Machala, Miroslav (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The evaluation of individual health risk in workers occupationally exposed to industrial xenobiotics requires the use of a large number of parameters reflecting external exposure, internal exposure, biological effects and individual susceptibility. Environmental, occupational and life style-related exposure to mutagenic agents may contribute to cancer risk in humans. To prevent the potentially hazardous effects of such agents it is important to understand their mechanisms of action. Styrene is one of the most important monomer for producing polymers and copolymers in plastics, latex paints and together with 1,3-butadiene (BD) in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers. In this thesis, a large set of parameters, including markers of external and internal exposure and biomarkers of biological effects and susceptibility have been studied in relation to the occupational exposure to both styrene and BD. First part of the present study was focused on evaluating the role of various biomarkers to assess genotoxic effects of above mentioned xenobiotics. Biomarkers reflecting styrene- and BD-induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity: O6 -styrene guanine DNA adducts, haemoglobin adducts, single-strand breaks (SSBs), SSB Endo III sites, chromosomal aberrations (CA), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase...
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Ellipsometry and fluorescence microscopy applied to model membranes
Miszta, Adam ; Hof, Martin (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee) ; Dejneka, Alexander (referee)
7 Abstract The following PhD thesis presents two optical experimental techniques: ellipsometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy, and focuses on their applications in investigation of supported phospholipid bilayers (SPBs). The thesis presents two studies. First one shows real-time effects of ethanol on supported phospholipid bilayers formed by adsorption of phospholipid vesicles on solid surface measured by ellipsometry. This study first time demonstrated that ethanol-induced membrane interdigitation, as demonstrated for free standing bilayers, does not occur in the supported membranes. The finding indicates that membranes formed on supports, even fused into confluent bilayers, may differ from free-standing bilayer in vesicles. The second study is based on the combination of ellipsometry with two fluorescence microscopy techniques (i.e.Laser Scanning Microscopy and Z-Scan Fluorescence Correlation Microscopy) to gain information on the interaction of antimicrobial peptides with SPBs. These techniques were used to compare the mechanisms of interaction of the two different antimicrobial peptides α-helical Magainin 2 and β-sheet Cryptdin-4. LSM shows appearance of inhomogeneities in spatial distribution of lipids in the bilayer after treatment with Crp-4. Ellipsometric measurements show that binding of...
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Taxonomy of species of the genus Lachnum s.I. in Central Europe
Chlebická, Markéta ; Holec, Jan (advisor) ; Pažoutová, Sylva (referee) ; Baral, Hans-Otto (referee)
Aims of the thesis The generalobjectiveof thethesisv/asto taxonomically evaluatethe rich materialof Lachnurn s.l. depositedin Czech herbaria,as well as the personal ťreldcollections. In the case of taxonomic or nomenclatural problems, the problematic groups were studied in detail. Various methods were used to solve the taxonomic problems and important collections from other herbariawere also studied. Outline of the thesis Problematic groups in Lachnum. I paid attentionto lignicolous and herbicolous species of Lachnum and to the group of Lachnum pygmaeum (Article III, VII) from the taxonomicpoint of view. Field collections of the whole spectrumoťLachnum specieswere included to the check-list (Article I). Species concept in Capitotricha. Central European species of Capitotricha with asci arising from simple septa were sequenced and a larger set of data supplementingthe previously known sequencewas obtained and analysed. Interesting data on Capitotricha species from Nothofagus from southern hemisphere were obtained. Long-spored lignicolous species of the genus Erioscyphella Kirschst. close to Lachnum and Capitotricha from the tropics and subtropics were also studiedanddiscussed. Taxonomy of Trichopeziza. Tbere was a lot of confusion connected with the name Peziza sulphurea Pers. At first, it was used for a...
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Computer Modeling of Tissue Development
Bednář, Vojtěch ; Hedrlín, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Loebl, Martin (referee) ; Klika, Václav (referee)
Title: Computer Modeling of Tissue Development Author: Vojtěch Bednář Department: Department of applied mathematics Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Zdeněk Hedrlín, CSc. Abstract: This thesis describes hybrid individual cell-based approach to modeling of systems of biological cells. In the first part reaction-diffusion model of environment is introduced together with vax equilibrium and model of a cell based on zygotic graph and cummulative states. Further, simulations modeling three biologically motivated situations are introduced: Lumen formation, tumor growth, and cellular migration in chronic inflammation. The first model shows a scenario of hollow structure formation based on directional division and cellular migration. The second model is concerned with the growth of a progeny of a slightly damaged cell. The resulting tumor exhibits three stages of malign transformation. Further, emergence of an aggressive tumor without detectable precursor is observed on one hand and a continual transformation of a benign neoplasm into a malign one is seen on the other hand. Each of these cases is a consequence of different parametrization of the model situation. The last model analyses the role of membrane enzymatic activity in migrating cells of the immune system in chronic inflammation. In this model it is observed that...
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Identifying a genetic predisposition affecting sports performance, focusing on anaerobic activity of skeletal muscle activity
Balkó, Iva ; Kohlíková, Eva (advisor) ; Šimonek, Jaromír (referee) ; Zvonař, Martin (referee)
Title Identifying of genetic predisposition affecting sports performance focusing on anaerobic activity of skeletal muscle activity Problem Inborn predispositions of every individual are mainly influenced by the inherited genetic information in their DNA with the addition of external environmental factors. Based on the high variability of the inborn predictions in the form of phenotypic differences in the anatomy or physiology of an individual, it can be deduced on the connection between genetics and a specific sport talent. According to current scientific knowledge, anaerobic performance of the skeletal muscle tissue seems to be more genetically influenced. Anatomic and functional properties of the skeletal muscle are mainly influenced by genes, which have effect on the muscle fibre structure, blood storage, metabolism, neurotransmission, and muscle regeneration, etc. Fencing is a complex sport discipline where predispositions to speed and dynamic force play a key role. The sport performance in fencing, regardless of the type of weapon, is directly dependent on the interactions between the reaction of the fencer to the surrounding stimuli (visual, tactile), accuracy, tactical and technical skills, level of anticipation and overall physical a psychological readiness of the fencer. This work is...
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Literature of the solo accordion by Czech authors post 1960 and its pedagogical outcome
Dlouhý, Radek ; Bezděk, Jiří (advisor) ; Douša, Eduard (referee) ; Meisl, Jan (referee)
This dissertation work is concerned with Czech composers who composed for the solo accordion. These composers cover a range of individual generations of composition from the earliest born through to the youngest. There is a brief introduction to each composer along with their compositions for solo accordion including the characteristics of each individual composition and the circumstances of their creation. The dissertation work then presents the chronological development of Czech compositions for the solo accordion from the very beginning up to the present. It is also focuses on the teaching of the accordion within the context of the Czech education system. A very important part of this work is the evaluation of a survey conducted in the form of a questionnaire addressing teachers of the accordion at Czech conservatoires which was a probe into the current situation regarding the teaching of this instrument and the utilization of compositions for the accordion for teaching. This work should profit pedagogy of the accordion in the Czech Republic and should assist in its orientation with regards to the original literature for the accordion.
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Protection of Investments under the Bilateral Investment Treaty between Thailand and the Czech Republic
Tanchinwuttanakul, Kamol ; Balaš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Pauknerová, Monika (referee) ; Chovancová, Katarína (referee)
The commercial and investment relations between Thailand and the Czech Republic are longstanding. Currently, the Czech Republic imports a number of agricultural products and food from Thailand, and Thailand imports industrial technology from the Czech Republic. As a result, there are opportunities for Czech companies to invest in and establish business cooperation with Thai businesses with agreements to guarantee stable commercial investment relations between Thailand and the Czech Republic. Because of this, the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) between both countries facilitates further development. The dissertation deals with research about the Protection of Investments under the Bilateral Investment Treaty between Thailand and the Czech Republic. The first BIT between Thailand and the Czech Republic was the 'Agreement between the Government of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic and the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand for the Promotion and Protection of Investments (1991)' which was replaced by the 'Agreement between the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand and the Government of the Czech Republic for the Promotion and Protection of Investments (1994) (BIT between Thailand and the Czech Republic 1994), and this BIT is still in force and has not been modified or amended. The object of...
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Obligation to compensate for personal injury in connection with provision of health care
Smrž, Ivo ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee) ; Sovová, Olga (referee)
Obligation to compensate for personal injury in connection with provision of health care This dissertation is focused on the obligation to compensate for personal injury in connection with the provision of health care. The aim of the dissertation is to analyse relevant general elements of the obligation to compensate for personal injury as well as relevant special elements of such obligation. The dissertation surveys the interpretation of conceptual changes related to the recodification of Czech private law in the area of tort law in connection with the provision of health care. Legal basis of the doctor-patient relationship will also be analysed because such analysis is crucial for determination which elements of the obligation to compensate for personal injury will regularly be applied in this field. Therefore, the first chapter is devoted to the legal nature of the doctor-patient relationship. The second chapter deals with the obligation to compensate for personal injury caused by the provision of health care, i.e. with the definition and analysis of relevant elements of such obligation in this field. The third chapter is focused on the wrongfulness as one of the significant elements of the obligation to compensate for personal injury; substantial attention of this chapter is aimed at the...
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