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Judeo-Spanish in Czech Translations
Kutková, Martina ; Králová, Jana (advisor) ; Obdržálková, Vanda (referee) ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee)
The aim of this work is to find and analyze Czech translations from Judeo-Spanish, thus building on Czech and international research in Translation Studies in the field of minority languages. However, the thesis is the first research of its kind in the Czech environment, and therefore its next goal is to expand the history of Czech translation from Romance languages. The first, theoretical part of the thesis describes the socio-historical context of the source and target languages and outlines their mutual relationship, or rather "non-relationship" in the course of history. It also defines the terminological framework used and deals in detail with research in the field of the history of translation with an emphasis on "non-book" translations, the relationship of Translation Studies to minority languages and ethics in translation. Methodologically, it relies on Czech and foreign translation theory from the second half of the 20th century to the latest publications. The second, practical part of the thesis presents and analyzes the found sources, relying extensively on paratexts and, where necessary for the understanding of the sources, goes beyond the terminology of Translation Studies towards Jewish Studies. The corpus of discovered sources includes inscriptions on synagogue textiles, oral poetry,...
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Life, Society and Politics in Relation to Religion at Ugarit in the Late Bronze Age
Válek, František ; Antalík, Dalibor (advisor) ; Miglio, Adam E. (referee) ; Vita, Juan Pablo (referee)
The presented dissertation attempts to cover some aspects of the extensive topic of religion at Ugarit, an ancient site on the Syrian Mediterranean coast at the very end of the Late Bronze Age (late 14th to early 12th century BC). Religion is explored here in relation to everyday, social, and political life. It is based on theassumption thatreligion isnotmerelya matterof theologicalconceptsand mythological narratives but is, first and foremost, a way of living in the world. Religion does not exist as a distinctly separate sphere of life but runs through the whole spectrum of human existence in different forms and with varying intensity. The present work discusses this broadly defined topic from several very different perspectives. After the first introductory chapter comes the second part, in which religion is set in the broader context of the surrounding world. The surrounding landscape, mountains, rivers, seas, forests, skies, mineral resources, etc., have a considerable, though not straightforward, influence on lived religion. Social and historical contexts are also considered as essential factors. In the third chapter, the thesis focuses on one of the central concepts of religious life in Ugarit: divinity. Here, the ways in which divinity manifests itself in the availablesources are explored....
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Modeling of biologically relevant lipid multilayers in the context of drug delivery
Saija, Maria Chiara ; Cwiklik, Lukasz (advisor) ; Szczęsna-Iskander, Dorota (referee) ; Heyda, Jan (referee)
Understanding the topical drug delivery at basic physico-chemical and biophysical levels is still challenging. One of the main reasons is the specificity of the processes involved, depending on the delivery target. The tear film lipid layer plays a vital role in ocular health and serves as a target for topical ophthalmic drug delivery. This doctoral thesis investigates two topics related to topical eye delivery, including a case study of drug delivery systems and their major components in the tear film lipid layer, and the effect of a lipid modification on a lipid-associate peptide as a potential drug. This research is conducted by using molecular dynamics simulations, which are comple- mented by various experimental techniques. The research about the drug delivery systems is threefold: the first objective is to study the impact of commonly used preservatives on the tear film lipid layer; the second one is to explore the influence of the latanoprost drug on the tear lipids; the third one is to investigate different drug delivery systems containing latanoprost drug and their interaction with the lipid layer in the tears. These studies are conducted by combining molecular dynamics simulations and the experiments involving the Langmuir-type lipids film. The key findings of this research have practical...
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Social housing as a tool for improving the quality of life of people with limited access to housing
Aresta, Veronika ; Průša, Ladislav (advisor) ; Matulayová, Tatiana (referee) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee)
(in English) The presented dissertation focuses on investigating the relationship between social housing and the quality of life of its users. The aim is to determine whether social housing programs provide residences that enable users to live the life they aspire to. The study draws inspiration from the expectations concept proposed in 2020, which captures the principles of the philosophical and economic capability approach. Quality of life is assessed by potentialities, defined as the lifestyles achieved by users. This study also theoretically anchors the phenomenon of homelessness and delves into social housing's segment, the role of local self-government, and the strategies for implementing social housing systems. A deductive qualitative analysis serves as the research methodology, with findings derived from 32 semi-structured interviews with program participants and housing support social workers. The study uncovers the social reality of local social housing users and their pursuit of a valuable life. The research confirms the enhancement of so-called housing freedoms among program users and describes the potentialities achieved through access to standard housing. It identifies conversion factors that either enhance or jeopardize housing users' quality of life. Notably, 73.3 % of users...
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The Understood Author: A hermeneutical exploration of audiences interpretation of the author as productive practices behind a text
Pavlíčková, Tereza ; Carpentier, Nico (advisor) ; Kuzmičová, Anežka (referee) ; Hermes, Joke (referee)
in English This project builds on the tradition of audience research that theoretically and empirically established that meaning is formed in the negotiation between the text and the reader, that the audiences are agentic, their interpretation of media is contextual and situated, and that they have the potential to resist the media. It argues that it is important to explore people's attention to different sources: who is listening, to whom, and why - and asks how people understand the notion of an author that they encounter in the interpretation of factual media texts, and how this interpretation is brought back into the interpretative act. The thesis subscribes to philosophical hermeneutics as an overarching theoretical as well as methodological framework to devise a concept of an understood author that is a result of the interpretative act, where the author imagined and anticipated by the reader (in the form of prior knowledge and prejudices) is encountered and actualised by the author inscribed into the text. I carried out 28 in-depth face-to-face interviews with Czechs born between 1948-1963 to explore participants' experiences and relationship with media and media authors. Employing hermeneutical analysis, the focus is not to capture what is an author, but how it happened to be so. The...
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Optimization Techniques in Computer Graphics and Appearance Fabrication
Rittig, Tobias ; Wilkie, Alexander (advisor) ; Stamminger, Marc (referee) ; Lensch, Hendrik (referee)
Tobias Rittig Optimization Techniques in Computer Graphics and Appearance Fabrication Optimization, the process of improving an intermediate solution, has been applied in numerous fields of computer science and beyond. Visual computing has throughout been at the forefront of developing new techniques and applying them to synthesize or analyze visual reality. At the latest, the recent boom of deep learning has given attention to large- scale differentiable computation and the application of gradient-descent optimization. This thesis spans parts of this development in four shared first-author publications (three journal, one conference) and three co-authored journal papers. It shows how optimization algorithms are used in two distinct fields of computer graphics. First, the focus is on the emerging field of Appearance Fabrication using full-color 3D printing. We show the benefits of an iterative optimization loop on the sharpness and color accuracy of translucent printouts. Such a loop, consisting of a forward pre- diction and backward refinement, can be composed of various building blocks developed throughout the thesis. The forward prediction can be driven by accurate Monte Carlo path tracing or an approximate neural rendering solution. The backward refinement can rely on a heuristic or a gradient-descent...
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KT/HAK/KUP High-affinity Transporters in Plants
Šustr, Marek ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Vaňková, Radomíra (referee) ; Gloser, Vít (referee)
Due to its essential role in plant metabolism and often low availability in the soil, sufficient potassium uptake and management are among the challenges plants face to survive in different environments. Since all potassium functions are related to the transport of the monovalent cation K+ , research focuses on the transporters responsible for K+ uptake and allocation. In addition to playing an essential role in potassium nutrition, K+ transporters also mediate the uptake of pollutants such as Cs. Radioisotopes 134 Cs and 137 Cs released from nuclear bomb tests and nuclear power plant accidents remain in the environment and their accumulation in plants is being studied to reveal the risks of crop production in contaminated soils as well as the possibility of remediating contaminated soil through plants. Ion transport also seems to be a major driver of plant adaptation to unfavourable environments. Several ion transporters appear to be involved in the adaptation of Arabidopsis arenosa populations to serpentine soils, including the potassium transporter AaKUP9. This thesis summarises my effort to characterise two transporters from KT/HAK/KUP family, AtKUP7 and AtKUP9, in Arabidopsis thaliana, and related projects. For AtKUP9, I have significantly expanded the knowledge of its involvement in...
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Macromolecular avenues for the creation of bio-inspired hierarchically structured surfaces
Wang, Yu-Min ; Pop-Georgievski, Ognen (advisor) ; Kostka, Libor (referee) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
Biomedical applications often rely on surface adherent architectures such as polymer brushes to prevent adverse nonspecific interactions between materials used in biomedicine and contacting biological fluids. Commonly, "grafting-to" (GT) and "grafting-from" (GF) methods are used to attain the polymer brush architecture on various surfaces. This study investigates the grafting density and antifouling effectiveness of poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] (poly(HPMA)) brushes synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization, employing both GT and GF techniques. To determine the molar masses of solution-born and GF poly(HPMA), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) equipped with multiple angle laser light scattering (MALS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) were combined and thoroughly used. Furthermore, the impact of solvent effects on polymer brush propagation kinetics during the concomitant surface-initiated- (SI-) RAFT process between surface and solution was investigated. Experimental findings revealed discrepancies between GF and solution-born poly(HPMA) chains. Notably, solvent composition influenced both the propagation rate and the inferred grafting density of surface-grafted poly(HPMA) due to variations in...
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Issues of penitentiary treatment of juvenile convicts
Svoboda, Oto ; Šotolová, Eva (advisor) ; Bajcura, Lubomír (referee) ; Jůzl, Miloslav (referee)
The thesis Issues of Penitentiary Treatment of Juvenile Convicts analyses current penitentiary approaches to male juvenile prisoners in the Czech Republic which is the aim of this thesis. The characteristics of juvenile convicts as a specific group of prisoners are discussed in the theoretical part. Juveniles are further described from a criminological perspective in relation to the specifics of committing an illegal activity, from a penological perspective in relation to punitive actions, and from a penitentiary perspective in relation to the execution of the punitive action. The thesis also presents the Prison Service of the Czech Republic as well as the penitentiary treatment of juvenile convicts in Slovakia. The empirical research itself focuses on the analysis and characteristics of the penitentiary treatment of juvenile convicts in Czech prisons which are profiled for juvenile males. The qualitative research using a case study and a structured interview was conducted as a part of the empirical research. KEY WORDS Juvenile convicts, prison, illegal activity, treatment, education, upbringing, delinquency, crime, penology, restorative justice, penitentiary studies
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