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Progesterone influence on the maternal immune system in pregnancy
Škvorová, Anna ; Koucký, Michal (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Pregnancy represents a major challenge to the maternal immune system. From an immunological point of view, a fetus is a semi-allograft. The mechanisms providing immunological paradox of fetal tolerance are still not well known and require further research. A complex network of immuno-endocrine interactions ensures fetal growth and development within the maternal uterus. The hormone playing an indispensable role in pregnancy is progesterone. The aim of this thesis is to summarize current knowledge of the effects of progesterone on the immune system in pregnancy and its mechanisms. Progesterone can affect target cells via the classical nuclear progesterone receptors, which act as transcription factors, or it can act using a variety of other ways, including non-genomic rapid signaling. Progesterone optimizes conditions for successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, changes the amount, localization and characteristics of immune cells and production of cytokines. It reduces the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, suppresses NK cell cytotoxicity, supports the proliferation of uterine NK and dendritic cells, affects B cells and induces the formation of T regulatory cells and their recruitment into the fetal-maternal interface. The wide range of...
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Quality of life of healthy pregnant women during their physiological pregnancy
Tomsová, Pavlína ; Vachková, Eva (advisor) ; Hvězdová, Alexandra (referee)
Autor: Pavlína Tomsová Institution: Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Hradec Králové, Department of Nursing Thesis title: Quality of Life of Healthy Pregnant Women during Their Physiological Pregnancy Thesis supervisor:Mgr. Vachková Eva, PhD. Number of pages:126 Number of annexes:3 Year of defense:2015 Key words:pregnancy, quality of life, WHOQOL-BREF, QOL-GRAV This bachelor thesis detects and compares quality of life of healthy pregnant women during II. and III. trimester of pregnancy. It studies effect of demographic factors (age, education, gravidity) on quality of their life during pregnancy. It detects frequency of somatic and psychic changes as well as their coping strategies during II. and III. trimester of pregnancy. Theoretical part of the thesis summarizes theoretical findings from the area of pregnancy and quality of life. Empirical part of the thesis includes quantitative research implemented by means of WHOQOL-BREF generic questionnaire and QOL-GRAV specific unidimensional questionnaire filled by pregnant women in Hradec Králové and Central Bohemia Region. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Increasing age of primigravidae in the Czech Republic
Svobodová, Anežka ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Lukášová Jeřábková, Lenka (referee)
Increasing age of primigravidae is discussed topic nowdays. It's a trend that also affects the Czech Republic - The Czech Statistical Office shows that the process of increasing age of primigravidae progresses since 1990 till now and that is why I consider it important to talk about this issue. The main objective of this work is to determine the causes of the increasing age of primigravidae in the Czech Republic. Sub-objectives are: to determine if socioeconomic factors are reasons for delaying childbirth, to determine whether delaying childbirth is the cause of the emancipation of women and whether the decision of delaying childbirth is affected by low knowledge of risks associated with late childbirths (for both mother and child). The work consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part consists of three parts and each of them is related to one objective. The first part is dedicated to changes during pregnancy and pregnancy of old primigravidae. The second part analyses family policy in the Czech Republic and the third part describes status of women in the Czech Republic. The research part is implemented in the Highlands region and in Prague, these two parts has been compared. As a research method I have chosen quantitative method of anonymous questionnaire. The...
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Drugs and drug addiction during pregnancy
Pokorová, Alena ; Poláčková, Jana (advisor) ; Dytková, Natálie (referee)
In my Bacchelor thesis, I'm trying to give a compete overview about women drug usage and addiction. My target was to get a closer view to a woman with drug addiction, describe specific differences of additive substances and uncover problems of using drugs during pregnancy. The first part of a theoretical work is dedicated to more general concept like social pathology, drug usage and drug classification. Other chapters are more focused on women addict and drug usage during pregnancy. Practical part uncovers real cases of women using additive substances during pregnancy through case studies while using interview method. Looking inside from the street workers' perspective.
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Sexually liminal periods in the lives of women in Ancient Egypt
Svobodová, Markéta ; Vymazalová, Hana (advisor) ; Pehal, Martin (referee)
The thesis seeks to explain the sexual passages of women related to fertility, such as menstruation, pregnancy and birth, in the ancient Egyptian world. The passages related to fertility have strong connotations with death in the Egyptian mythological context. The aim of the thesis is to understand this relationship, often metaphorically conveyed in iconography or in the netherworld literature. The thesis collects material from various sources, archeological, textual, iconographical, not only Egyptian, but also Greek and Roman. The methods used vary from cognitive linguistics and semiotic analysis to religious anthropology. Menstruation, pregnancy and birth in ancient Egypt are explained not only on the level of the understanding of the body of the Egyptians, but also in terms of what role they play in iconography and mythology. Furthermore, the relationship between birth and death is made with regards to fertility. The basic findings of this thesis consist of illustrating a dichotomy between the feminine nurturing principle of and masculine creative principle which appear in different contexts related to birth and death: in iconography, on the level of bodily fluids, or in mythological creation.
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Factors influencing weight gain in pregnancy
Vodrážková, Nicole ; Kaňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Flegr, Jaroslav (referee)
In this bachelor thesis I described different factors influencing weight gain in each trimester of pregnancy. There are factors influenced by a lifestyle, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, and BMI before pregnancy. There are also factors which are given individual dispositions, changes in metabolism and hormonal status of the organism. On this basis, this thesis deals with the consequences, that has excessive or insufficient weight gain in pregnancy for the mother and her fetus.
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Physiotherapy in prevention and therapy of perineal injuries and episiotomies
Burianová, Eliška ; Ježková, Martina (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Michaela (referee)
This bachelor's thesis summarizes the information of pelvic floor function and perineal injuries that are caused by the delivery. In the theoretical part of this thesis are described anatomical structures in the pelvic area and their changes during the pregnancy and the puerperium. The main part of the thesis is focused on possibilities of preventing the perineal injuries. There are described problems that are caused by perineal lesions and dysfunction of the pelvic floor. Options of physiotherapeutic treatment of these problems are discussed as well. The practical part of the thesis is supplemented with a case study of a pregnant patient, who was preparing to the delivery during pregnancy with the goal of preventing perineal injury. The case study is completed with anamnestic data collection and analysis of kinesiology of the patient in pregnancy and after the delivery. A therapeutic plan is a part of the case study as well. The thesis is supplemented with the results of executed questionnaire survey of 49 patients after vaginal delivery.
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Changes of a foot arch during pregnancy
Cikrytová, Markéta ; Babková, Lenka (advisor) ; Demeková, Júlia (referee)
There are many changes in a woman's body during pregnancy. This bachelor's thesis deals with the alterations of the arch of the foot and the mechanisms that can inflict it. Form of the thesis is review. Opening chapters sum the anathomy of the foot, the kinesiology, the pathologic kinesiology and important changes during the pregnancy. Main chapter deals with up to date knowledge about the alterations of the arch and related alterations of the pressures on the sole of the foot, as well as the alterations of size, volume and dimesions of the foot. Two case reports of pregnant women are part of the thesis. Comparison of a studies is presented in the discussion, followed by corelation of the results of the case reports with the ones from studies. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Options of physio therapy for pregnant and their effect on the functional problems associated with pregnancy
Doležalová, Lenka ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Zemková, Eliška (referee)
This work summarizes issues of pregnancy and postpartum in the context of the pelvic floor. It Briefly describes important anatomical structures and their changes during pregnancy and after childbirth. It introduces readers to the usual course of pregnancy and childbirth and difficulties that may arise in these periods as a result of pelvic floor dysfunction of various causes. In this work there are integrated knowledges of the suitability and contraindications of physical activities during pregnancy and after childbirth, as well as suggested possibilities of physical activities. Normal practices in physiotherapy and physiotherapy methods and concepts that can be used during these periods are further described. Case report of pregnant woman in her last month of pregnancy and one month after childbirth, which was performed with anamnestic data collection and analysis of kinesiology is part of this work. Thesis describes the results of the executed questionnaire survey and example of questionnaire is available in the Annexes. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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