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Vplyv rastových regulátorov na efektívnosť využitia vody a odolonosť voči stresu such u vybraných odrod pšenici ozimnej
Barányiová, Irena
The main objective of dissertation thesis was to show impact of exogenous application of growth regulators on physiology and the total yield of winter wheat under drought stress. For the purpose of assessing the impact of growth regulators under drought conditions, it was in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 established field experiment at the field experimental station Žabčice. The field experiment monitored the effects of growth regulators on water use effeciency and tolerance to drought stress. We compared the effect of four growth regulators representing a different mode of action, the application time and potential of drought stress reduction. These were the active compound chlormequate (CCC) applied at the beginning of stem elongation, trinexapac-ethyl applied in the middle of stem elongation, etephon applied at the end of stem elongation and finally it was application of fungicide from the group of strobilurins (azoxystrobin) carried out at the heading growth stage. The drought stress was inducted by using experimental rain-out shelters that were installed at the end of stem elongation. Approximatelly 2 and 4 weeks after the beginning of drought stress, physiological measurements. Lower grain yields were recorded in 2014 with the average yields (4 to 6 t.ha-1). The highest grain yields were in 2015 with the average yields (10 to 13 t.ha-1).The positive impact of plant growth regulators was demonstrated mostly in increased yield and spike productivity. A positive effect of plant growth regulators on elimination of negative impact of drought in the parameter Amax was demonstrated after application of azoxystrobin, to a lesser extent after application of CCC and trinexapax. Etephon had the lowest impact on elimination of drought stress. The negative impact of drought stress on chlorophyll content was statistically significantly eliminated in all treatments by growth regulators. In addition, application of growth regulators reduced the impact of drought stress on water use efficiency (WUE). Growth regulators also mitigate a negative impact of drought stress on the primary phase of photosynthesis evaluated using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. In the growth chamber experiment, the effect of growth regulators on the combined effect of drought stress and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was studied. The highest positive effect in dry conditions had application of trinexapac-ethyl and CCC regulators under both low and high VPD.
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Sucho jako rizikový faktor pro produkci zeleniny
Sekanina, Petr
The Bachelor thesis focuses on drought and its influence on vegetable production in agriculture. One of the aims of the thesis is to provide a complex view of the impact of drought on crop production. The thesis also aims to offer different mechanisms of adaptation of vegetables and to provide practical ways to compensate the effects of drought from the perspective of the producer. The first chapter includes the definition of drought, different methods of drought measuring and the development of drought in the Czech Republic. The next chapter focuses on drought and its impact on plants and their reaction to the moisture deficit. The third chapter deals with plant irrigation, the determination of optimum irrigation water amount and water requirements of different vegetables. The final chapter describes practical measures to mitigate the negative impact of drought.
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Compound hydrometeorological events
Laco, Martin ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Pejchová Plavcová, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with compound hydrometeorological events and provides overview of recent knowledge of this significant natural phenomena. There have risen several definitions of compound hydrometeorological events in recent years. All of these definitions are connected with condition of simultaneous occurrence of two, possibly more dangerous meteorological or hydrological threats. Examples are simultaneous occurrence of drought and heatwave. One of the aims of the study was to attempt classication of compound hydrometeorological events. Based on recent knowledge, it is possible to look at this type of threat from two main perspectives. The first perspective could be a description of a compound event as a random combination of dangerous threats, while the second perspective illustrates the dangerous phenomena as interdependent events. The practical part outlines some examples of associated hydrometeorological events that occurred in the Czech Republic with the help of brief case studies. Key words: compound hydrometeorological events, simultaneous occurrence, storm surge, heavy precipitation, drought, heatwave
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Dams in legal relations
Majerák, Pavel ; Franková, Martina (advisor) ; Pokorný, Jiří (referee)
TITLE: Water reservoir in legal relations AUTHOR: Pavel Majerák DEPARTMENT: Department od Environmental Law SUPERVISOR: JUDr. Martina Franková, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the issues of legal relations of water reservoirs, namely as a specific water work or naturally originated,so called natural body of water. In relation to the absence of legal definition of the term of water reservoir it defines the term of water reservoir itself and it closer introduces its single forms which it subsequently introduces in single legal regulations of public and private law. Special attention is paid to water reservoirs in the concept of protection against the impacts of droughts and in realization of anti-flood arrangements. KEYWORDS: water reservoir, law, water work, flood, drought
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Water analysis and combating drought in the Rokytná river basin
Říha, Tomáš ; Vrba, Jan (referee) ; Veselý, Jaroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on water management analysis of the Rokytná River and finding suitable precautions usable by municipalities when dealing with drought and lack of water in their administrative district. The short research at the beginning of the thesis summarizes problematic of drought and lack of water in the Czech Republic, including the current state and overall context. Next part focuses on the assessment of current state of the Rokytná River basin, based on performed reconnaissance of the basin and processed analysis of a part of the basin delimited from km 0,0 to km 16,7 of the river, between towns of Ivančice and Moravský Krumlov. This analysis concentrates on finding factors, which can contribute to extent of drought impact in this area. It also contains a suspended load study of the waterway, which writes up granularity characteristics and calculation of the amount of transported material from a suspended load sample, taken from the bed of the Rokytná River. The overview of suitable proceedings and precautions follows, based on findings in previous parts of the diploma thesis. The conclusion of this thesis consists of very suggestion of suitable steps and precautions related to particular localities in the Rokytná River basin. Target is to enhance the retention ability of the region and to minimize the impact of both drought and floods. The result of these actions should be the empowerment of environmental sustainability in this particular area. Conclusions of this thesis can be used by municipalities and other administrative bodies when creating an approach of combating drought and when deciding about the implementation of relevant precautions.
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Impact of the regional climate change on the hydrological regime with regard to extremes
Blahušiaková, Andrea
Investigation of changes in the rainfall-runoff regimes of rivers and its extremes has become more important especially in the context of ongoing and future climate changes. The main aim of this study is to investigate the key factors involved in these changes and thus influence the hydrological regime. Trends and changes in climatic and hydrological variables are detected and the development of flood and drought extremes is assessed. Several methods are used to identify trends and examine their changes; the Mann-Kendall test, linear regression, simple mass curves, and comparative analysis (IHA). Flood extremity is evaluated based on flood activity levels and return period (N-year flood event), frequency and seasonality using the threshold method and culmination day. Extremity, frequency and seasonality of meteorological drought are evaluated by the threshold method, followed by de Martonne Aridity index and Relative precipitation index. Hydrological drought is evaluated based on Base flow index, Low flow index and threshold method. The main variables involved in these analyzes were annual, seasonal and monthly discharge, air temperature, precipitation and snow cover. The database of the base and other calculated variables is compiled for the period from 1931/1961 to 2010/2012. Trends and changes...
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Legal aspects of water retention in the landscape
Houžvičková, Markéta ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Legal aspects of water retention in the landscape Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the legal aspects of water retention in the landscape in response to the current problems associated with impaired landscape retention capacity such as drought, erosion or floods. The author first outlines the factual and legal context of the issue, which is followed by an analysis of conceptual, administrative-legal and economic instruments of the Czech legal order that can improve water retention capabilities of the landscape. The diploma thesis analyses the relevant instruments of the Water Act, Forest Act, Act on the protection of agricultural land or Act on protection of nature and landscape. Consequently, it deals with the role of land-use planning, land consolidation and environmental impact assessment for the issue. The thesis includes comprehensive evaluation of the relevant legal regulation in terms of its effectiveness and possible proposals de lege ferenda.
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Localism versus globalism. Analysis of chosen environmental topics in election program CSSD, ANO and KDU-CSL and their realization in the period 2013-2017.
Lehečková, Michaela ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on an environmental policy upheld by the coalition of ČSSD, ANO and KDU-ČSL in 2013-2017. The researched topic is the reaction to the ongoing global climate change manifesting itself in the context of the Czech Republic in the form of drought. The thesis analyzes the electoral programs of political subjects and the subsequent governmental policy of the coalition in the sense of policy - politics. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the extent to which the given political subjects dealt with the examined environmental issues in their electoral programs, in the elections to the Chamber of Deputies in 2013 and the scope of a solution to the problem of global climate change and the drought phenomenon of the political parties within the common government policy. Part of the thesis is also an attempt to include political subjects in the classification scheme of localism - globalism. .
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Effect of water supply on structure and selected physiological parameters of leaf in woody species.
Horešovská, Michaela ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Votrubová, Olga (referee)
Woody plants must cope with drought as it is one of the main factors of the ongoing climate change. The ability of woody plants to adapt to this stressor determines whether they will survive in constantly changing environmental conditions. The deciduous trees of European temperate forests are not as adapted to drought as Mediterranean trees and shrubs, and therefore the lack of water is a major stress for them. Leaf turned out to be the most flexible plant organ in its response to drought. The aim of this work is to summarize the knowledge about the effect of water deficit on the anatomical structure of leaf and its selected physiological parameters. The first part of this thesis is focused on the drought affecting European tree species and their various defensive strategies against this factor. It mainly describes the modification of leaf's anatomy structure as their defensive reactions observed in dermal, ground and vascular tissue. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the influence of water deficit on the selected leaf's physiological processes, especially on transpiration and photosynthesis, and the key role of stomata closure on both of these physiological processes. Drought causes changes in leaf anatomical structure and its physiological functions. The leaf's developmental stage at...
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Impact of the regional climate change on the hydrological regime with regard to extremes
Blahušiaková, Andrea ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Kašpárek, Ladislav (referee) ; Pekárová, Pavla (referee)
Investigation of changes in the rainfall-runoff regimes of rivers and its extremes has become more important especially in the context of ongoing and future climate changes. The main aim of this study is to investigate the key factors involved in these changes and thus influence the hydrological regime. Trends and changes in climatic and hydrological variables are detected and the development of flood and drought extremes is assessed. Several methods are used to identify trends and examine their changes; the Mann-Kendall test, linear regression, simple mass curves, and comparative analysis (IHA). Flood extremity is evaluated based on flood activity levels and return period (N-year flood event), frequency and seasonality using the threshold method and culmination day. Extremity, frequency and seasonality of meteorological drought are evaluated by the threshold method, followed by de Martonne Aridity index and Relative precipitation index. Hydrological drought is evaluated based on Base flow index, Low flow index and threshold method. The main variables involved in these analyzes were annual, seasonal and monthly discharge, air temperature, precipitation and snow cover. The database of the base and other calculated variables is compiled for the period from 1931/1961 to 2010/2012. Trends and changes...
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