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Realisation of Selected Speech Acts by Foreign Learners of Czech
Genova, Julie ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hirschová, Milada (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to conduct a pragmatic analysis of speech acts as salutation, request, apology, offer and farewell in a written correspondence. The accent is primarily on expressions of politeness in each speech act. The analysis is researched in beginner students of the Czech language in a questionnaire before a lesson, in a written assignment after the lesson and then in the same assignment written by native speakers. The aim is to discover a proper way to teach the expression of the given speech acts as part of Czech for foreigners. The questionnaire filled before the lesson was compared with the assignment written after the lesson. Implementing the comparison, it is defined to what extent had the students improved their pragmatic competence in written correspondence. The same work was assigned to native Czech speakers and the expressions used in the lesson are evaluated based on their results compared with the results of non-native speakers. Through the research we concluded that the difference between the results before and after the lesson are striking. Uninstructed students have frequently expressed unintentionally less politely than it is customary to Czech language, sometimes even impolitely and these errors were predominantly eliminated in the written assignment. The...
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Pragmatics Aspects in Czech Language Textbooks for Elementary Schools
Michelčíková, Viktorie ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hájková, Eva (referee)
The topic of this thesis is communicative competence and pragmatic aspects in Czech language textbooks at elementary schools. Education aims to achieve six key competencies, including communicative competence. The thesis's theoretical part focuses on defining concepts such as pragmatics, gender, politeness, cooperative communication, dialogue, argumentation, and manipulation. In the practical part, the thesis analyses five third-year Czech language textbooks and examines to what extent pragmatic aspects are included in the textbooks. The research has shown that although pragmatic aspects are included in the textbooks, their level is not sufficient in most cases, and it is necessary to supplement these topics with additional supporting materials. The outcome of this work could be useful for Czech language teachers at the first level of primary schools who intend to focus on developing their pupils' communicative competence and improving their pragmatic communication skills. Keywords Argumentation, dialogue, gender, communicative competence, pragmatics, pragmatic aspects, manipulation, textbook, politeness
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Forms of address in Finnish in the context of dynamic politeness norms
Štauberová, Markéta ; Sherman, Tamah (advisor) ; Fárová, Lenka (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the current state of select politeness phenomena in Finnish which are expressed through language structure, namely the forms of address. My main research questions were: How do Finnish native speakers use T- and V-forms? Has there been any perceived development in the use of address forms in Finnish in the past ten years? Are there any special situations, occasions, places or institutions (...) in which speakers expect particular form of address? Have they experienced any recent changes? How is the possible rise in use of the V-form connected to the use of other politeness expressions in Finnish? The thesis begins with a general description of the most significant theoretical approaches to politeness. It, then, defines a place of forms of address within the linguistic politeness. The main theoretical basis for the thesis is linguistic pragmatics, in which politeness is seen as a dynamic interpersonal activity. Not only is politeness a linguistic phenomenon but it is also a matter of social behaviour. Therefore, it differs culturally but also situationally. In the second chapter, I examine the Finnish forms of address as a linguistic phenomenon. First, I consider nominal and pronominal forms of address, second, I explain the grammatical base for Finnish...
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Politeness in the Czech Republic and Abroad : a contrastive Study of one Act of Communication - Greetings
Vegnerová, Hana ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hirschová, Milada (referee)
Communication is everyday basic interaction among people, which consists of two components, verbal and nonverbal. A prerequisite for successful communication is politeness, which is discussed in this thesis. This thesis focuses more-in-depth on one act of communication, greetings. Attention is paid on greetings in Czech and German language. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with the pragmatics and communication. It defines the concepts of politeness (brief part is dedicated to its history, its functions and linguistic access to it), discourtesy and greeting. The practical part is focused on the questionnaires that have been used for data collection. Answers to questions are tabulated in percentage terms and in comparative text processing, which was the aim of my thesis. The result of the research is the conclusion that both languages express politeness in a very similar way. German greetings are more diverse and less formal thanks to the influence and acceptance of English words.
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Compliments in informal private discourse
Dvořáková, Klára ; Filippová, Eva (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
1 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to analyze communication functions, verbal and nonverbal means of compliments in Czech which occur in private informal discourse. Material for this analysis was collected from audiovisual and audio recordings of communication between family members and friends. As for the identification of the communication functions of compliments the method of conversation analysis was chosen. Functional classification was created based on the location of compliments in global organization of conversation, linguistic form of compliments and actions that compliments are performing or accompanying. Another part of this thesis is devoted to the analysis of verbal and nonverbal means used at complimenting. The structures, lexical units and the most significant nonverbal means used in the production of compliments were identified. For the purpose of comprehensive description of compliment sequences we also analyze reactions to compliments.
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Justice and injustice - how we understand it in modern society
Kovaříková, Zuzana ; Kandert, Josef (advisor) ; Kotík, Michal (referee)
Objective of the bachelor thesis "Conception of justice and injustice in con- temporary society" is to describe and analyze how people in contemporary Czech society understand the concepts of justice, injustice, and fair and unfair treatment. In the first part of my work I am focusing on the theoretical background of the matters of justice. There I am interested in different types and possible bases of justice, as well as in philosophers who have tried to define justice. This is followed by a practi- cal part of the thesis, which deals with the methodology and the research itself. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 10 respondents. Du- ring the analysis, I try to investigate not only the respondents' definitions of view of justice and injustice, but also concepts with which they identify or associate justice, even terms that their concept of justice conflicts with. The final section provides a comparison of research results to the initial hypotheses and comparison of practical and theoretical parts.
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Politeness in the Czech Republic - Thanking and Accepting Thanks
Svobodová, Michaela ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Hirschová, Milada (referee)
This work deals with politeness, politeness strategies and thanking and accepting thanks in the Czech Republic. At first, the thesis processes the issue from a theoretical point of view, there are presented the findings and theories of Czech and foreign linguists, who are interested in politeness and communication, several approaches toward polite or impolite behaviour. I describe in detail thanking and responses to thanks, expressions of gratitude and ingratitude; there are presented the topics, which directly relate to the issue, too. The practical part deals with the research of supposed responses of respondents - thanking and accepting thanks - in specific situations. The task isn't to research the using of speech, but the utterance considered as polite and suitable in the situation. I chose the questionnaire with 5 open questions, where respondents were asked to write the answer according to their experience. The research was oriented on respondents of both sexes between the ages of 14 to 42 years. The results are given in real numbers (firstly both sexes together and then separately). Finally, the results and findings are analysed and interpreted. Keywords: politeness, speech etiquette, Czech culture, thanking, accepting thanks
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Irony in TV talk show
Ježková, Klára ; Hirschová, Milada (advisor) ; Janovec, Ladislav (referee)
This work deals with irony in popular television genre, entertaining talk show. The first partdefines the basic concepts which we work with (public communication, cooperative principle, politeness, irony). In the second part there is characterized the media dialogue, specifically talk show. The third part deals with particular public television's talk show - Všechnopárty. This thesis examines, on selected examples, how irony works in the show, how it manifests itself and how it is used by participants in talk show. The main finding is that irony in Všechnopárty is used as a communication game, mostly as a specific variant of irony called teasing (banter). It is a communication acting describable as pretended threatening of face of communication partner or of your own face, resp. communication which intentionally and transparently for the viewer violates Leech's courtesy maxima (most often tactfulness and modesty maxima).Teasing irony in Všechnopárty is used as a fun element increasing attractiveness of the show for spectators and participants of the talk show are usually knowingly involved in it. KEYWORDS communications, media dialogue, talk show, cooperative principle, politeness, irony, teasing
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Politeness from point of view of four generations
DRÁTOVSKÁ, Viktorie
Bachelor thesis deals with a view on politeness in different age groups. The purpose is to find out how different age generations look at politeness and then compare all opinions between themselves. Also tries to figure out possible reason of difference all opinions. Definitions of basic ideas as ethics, morality, etiquette, politeness or deviant behavior are explained in theoretical part. Practical part is realized through interviews which were utilized quantitatively and graphically for better orientation. In discuss are results of interview compared to development psychology, where can be found all possible causes which led participators to specific opinion. Conclusion of the thesis contains recapitulation of both parts. Attachment includes all specific answers of different age generations.
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The expression of courtesy in Italian and Czech: contrastive analysis
TAUSCHOVÁ, Andrea
This bachelor thesis focuses on the development, expression, use and comparison of the politeness in Italian and Czech language, as its name proclaims. It presents individual courtesy topics of both, two languages just mentioned and their comparison. The thesis examines differences in courtesy in Italian and Czech language, where it focuses mainly on differences in courtesy development, grammatical analysis of courtesy, grammatical means of courtesy, etiquette and the use od conditional as courtesy forms, but further this thesis is extended by other topics. This thesis is further developed by some survey, which is the main topic of the practical part and evaluates the use of politeness based on the asked questions, which were answered by native speakers of Czech and Italian language. After the evaluation of the survey thanks to debates with both native speakers, some conclusions have been reached. Another contribution in the practical part of this thesis is a list of experience and advice given by an interpreter and former translator, Mrs. Ivana Hlaváčová, on the topic transfer of polite and friendly way of speaking when translating from Italian to Czech language.
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