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Phonetic Analysis of Anglicisms in French
Tomíčková, Markéta ; Duběda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vacula, Richard (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to examine the integration of anglicisms into French from a phonetic point of view. The theoretical part deals with the delimitation of the term 'anglicism', its place in the French lexis, a comparison of the phonological systems of both languages and the regularities in phonetic adaptation of anglicisms in the target language. The practical part includes an analysis of the pronunciation of chosen anglicisms. It records variation in lexicographical works as well as in real speech and determines the degree of variability, based on recordings of native speakers. The thesis proceeds from the assumption that anglicisms were, are and will continue to be a highly relevant issue. In spite of all the measures aimed against their integration into the French lexis, they have their place in it, often in several pronunciation variants - whether due to the different inventory of phonemes or to sociolinguistic factors. KEY WORDS: anglicism, French, pronunciation, phonetic adaptation of loanwords
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Contrastive corpus analysis of French inchoative and ingressive constructions in comparison with their Czech equivalents
Třísková, Eliška ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Loucká, Hana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the inchoative constructions in the French and Czech languages. These constructions have never been analysed on the parallel corpus. For this reason, the author has decided to examine this theme based on the data of the parallel corpus InterCorp. The first part represents a general introduction to the theme, particularly to the aspect theory in both languages. The second part is divided in to two chapters. The first one focuses on the constructions which expresses the inchoative aspect in French, particurarly periphrastic and light verbs. The second one covers inchoative constructions in Czech. The third research part of this thesis focuses on the detailed analysis of the selected verbs. The analysis is based on the criteria resulting from the theoretical part. In conclusion, there is a summary of the research as well as the possibilities for more researches dealing with this theme.
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The teaching of foreign languages and the process of preparation of teachers of foreign languages in the period 1990-2012
Čermáková, Helena ; Váňová, Růžena (advisor) ; Kasíková, Hana (referee)
This work focuses on changes in teaching foreign languages and on new requirements for education and training of foreign language teachers after 1989, including a brief survey of the history of foreign language teaching and the development of teacher training. It observes changes in the area of learning objectives, changes in the teacher - pupil relationship, changes in work methods. It deals with a new approach to the selection and use of teaching materials and the inclusion of new technologies in teaching. It discusses the implementation of both the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages and the European Language Portfolio. The work presents in the form of interviews also personal experience with teaching foreign languages and possible ways to achieve the required qualification.
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Valency of French adverbs
Holubová, Barbora ; Duběda, Tomáš (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
(in English): French grammars define the word class adverbs as a very heterogeneous set distinguished particularly by its invariability and intransitivity. The aim of this thesis is to study the valency structure of certain French adverbs forming such a subset which to certain extent denies aforesaid definition. Therefore, the definition of adverbial valency and the characteristic of "inheritance" and "fading" of adverbial valency potential after a transformation from verbs and adjectives will be given. The outcomes of the theoretical part will then be verified by analysing the data presented in the electronic dictionary le Petit Robert completed by qualitative and quantitative analyses based on two written French corpuses: Frantext and L'Est Républicain. To describe the "inheritance" and "fading" of valency potential, the same method will be used to depict the set of the adverbs derived from the adjectives, which take prepositional phrases headed by the preposition de as their complement. This work will be based not only on the theory of general linguistics and grammar, but also on the knowledge of mathematical and corpus linguistics. Klíčová slova (anglicky): valence, adverbs, French, corpus linguistics.
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Transcription of the French Toponyms into Russian
Tomová, Simona ; Kitzlerová, Jana (advisor) ; Lendělová, Věra (referee)
TOMOVÁ, Simona: Transcription of the French Toponyms into Russian [Bachelor Thesis]. Charles University. Faculty of Arts; Institute of East European Studies. Bachelor thesis instructor: Mgr. Jana KITZLEROVÁ, Ph.D. Graduate degree designation: Bachelor (Bc.). Praha, UK, FF, ÚVES, 2014. Pages 67. The subject of thesis is to analyze the transcription of the French toponyms into Russian. In the introduction, the work is devoted to the characteristics of analyzed languages and it defines the essential differences between French and Russian in their classification, orthography and phonetics. It mainly focuses on the differences in phonetic systems of the languages, which are crucial for the issue of transcription. The thesis then defines the development, use and types of the transcription and discusses the methods to transcribe one language system to another. The thesis also defines the main principles for transcription from the Latin script into the Cyrillic script. In the section devoted to the analysis of transcription, work assigns the selected toponyms to the each type of transcription and it explains how the transcription rules were used. By this method, it is possible to highlight the diversity of the principles applied in the transcribed geographical names. The thesis is accompanied by French -...
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English loanwords in French IT Terminology
Štojdlová, Alena ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
The present Bachelor's thesis presents the topic of English Loanwords in French information technology terminology. The French terminology of this fast growing industry is not standardized for now. The classification of loanwords as well as the insight into the history of interaction between the two languages is introduced in the theoretical part. The practical part comprises of an analysis of the use of 20 information technology terms through a questionnaire distributed among 98 respondents.
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Adjectival networks. On the grammar of French denominal adjectives
Strnadová, Jana ; Štichauer, Pavel (advisor) ; Radimský, Jan (referee) ; Namer, Fiammetta (referee)
in English This dissertation studies su xal derivation of adjectives from nouns in French. It is based on a lexicon of about 15, 000 adjectives, 40% of which may be considered deno- minal. I rst present the data under investigation. I describe the Dénom database, which was derived from large scale lexica. In order to assess the position of denominal adjectives in the more general adjectival system, I present a classi cation of French adjectives on the basis of their morphological properties. In the process, I spot cases where the fringes of the class of denominals are unclear, and question the distributional and semantic co- hesion of the class. I nally review di erent types of formal or semantic mismatches between the adjective and its base noun. In a second step, I present a study of the formal and semantic properties of a subset of denominal adjectives where the morphological relation between base and derivative is regular. This subset is selected on the basis of the type frequency of formal patterns of alternation between base and derivative. I describe the phonological and morpholo- gical properties of base nouns, with the aim of uncovering factors that play a role in the formation of adjectives. This leads to the observation of morphological niches, that is, cases where the presence of a...
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True and false friends between English and French and their lexicological and morphological aspects
Pípalová, Mariana ; Jančík, Jiří (advisor) ; Listíková, Renáta (referee)
The aim of this final project is to discuss the selected lexicological and morphological aspects of the true and false cognates between English and French. For the purposes of this work a representative sample of lexical items was assembled, and consequently subjected to the lexicological and morphological analysis. It should be stressed that this project is conceived from the viewpoint of English. The results of this thesis have revealed various tendencies concerning the proportion and distribution of word classes, the number of syllables, the frequency of use and the origin of the items in question within each of the following categories: the true cognates, the false cognates and the partially false cognates. The tendencies discovered might throw more light on the similarities and differences between the two languages, and, in addition to that, for the speakers of one of the languages facilitate the learning of the other one.
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Reform of the French orthography in 1990
Kaderová, Kateřina ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Müllerová, Eva (referee)
Kateřina Kaderová La réforme de l'orthographe française de 1990 - Reform of the French orthography in 1990 Klíčová slova: French, reform of orthography, 1990, new orthography, teachers, the Czech Republic Diploma thesis - abstract (English) The reform of the French orthography from 1990 has not a clear position more than twenty years after its publication. Lively debates about it are calming down and it is high time to think about its future. We are going to present the reform in the whole in this work with the emphasis to the school environment which has a decisive influence to its expansion. The aim of the work is to gather enough data to formulate recommendations to Czech teachers about how to treat the reform and how much of it include in the lessons, if anything. The reform is gradually spreading especially thanks to the effort of its supporters. In French schools, it has been finally officialised but there are no rules in the Czech Republic. By means of a research among Czech teachers, we have realized that they are quite informed about the new orthography and their approach is rather positive. Some of them have been already teaching the new forms and others can join them after considering all pros and cons.
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The Interpreter's and Listener's Perception of Speed in the Process of Simultaneous Interpretation: an Analysis of Theory and Practice Pertaining to French-Czech and Czech-French Material
Tite, Barbora ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee)
This thesis addresses the issue of the subjective perception of the speaker's speed during simultaneous interpretation. The theoretical grounding of the thesis is based on Karla Déjean Le Féal's doctoral thesis (1978), which first introduced the notion of subjective speed, whereby two speeches of equal objective speed (as measured in syllables/min.) are perceived as having different speeds. The conclusions of Déjean Le Féal's thesis demonstrate that interpreters usually experience a faster subjective speed when interpreting speeches which were prewritten and then read aloud by the speaker. Impromptu speeches are usually perceived as being slower than read speeches. Aside from the above-mentioned theory of subjective speed, the theoretical section of this thesis analyzes various approaches to measuring speech speed, the relation between objective speed and simultaneous interpreting, the determinants of speech speed and prosodic features influencing the subjective perception of speed. The empirical section of this thesis consists of an experiment which aims to verify Déjean Le Féal's conclusions using French-Czech material. The methodology of the experiment partially replicates the method used by Aneta Mandysová in her master's thesis (2011), which is focused on German-Czech material. The method used...
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