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Silent Leges Inter Arma? A quantitative study examining compliance with international humanitarian law
Mocková, Eliška ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Lipovský, Milan (referee)
The work researches use of prohibited weapons in recent armed conflicts (from 2014 to early 2020). These weapons are prohibited by a set of international rules (treaty and customary) of international humanitarian law (IHL). The research focuses on all the conflicts that are still active to this day (early 2020). These conflicts are both international and more often non-international. The thesis maps the level of compliance, but it goes beyond as it also attempts to identify relevant factors that influence parties to an armed conflict when it comes to the choice to comply or not to comply. The ambitious aim was to identify the most reliable "law-enforcement substitutes" in the anarchical world of international law. It focuses on potential compliance factors such as identity of the parties to the conflict or reputational concerns. Own dataset was created, and a model of multiple logistic regression was utilized to test the hypotheses. The main findings include the fact that none of the factors was able to reliably predict use of prohibited weapons. Moreover, not even the combination of all those factors was able to give a satisfactory picture of the confusing reality on the ground. Other "sideway" findings include a "confirmation" of the popular scholarly belief that compliance with international law...
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Norway and Botswana as exceptions to the theory of the curse of natural resources
Drozdová, Miroslava ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
This thesis compares Norway, Botswana and Venezuela and their sovereign wealth funds. The first two countries are referred to as exceptions to the theory of the resource curse, which explains the phenomenon that shows that countries with a high dependence on income from the export of natural resources have a slower rate of economic, political and institutional development. On the contrary, Venezuela (although it was considered an exception in the past) is severely affected by this phenomenon and thus serves as a negative example in this thesis. The thesis focuses on state sovereign wealth funds and examines whether and under what conditions these funds have an effect on reversing the resource curse. Based on the theoretical part, five key characteristics are identified that the fund must meet in order to function against the negative manifestations of the curse of natural resources - (1) offsetting the effects of volatility, (2) diversifying the economy, (3) budgetary policy, (4) controlling the allocation of expenditure, (5) transparency of funds. Based on these characteristics, it is possible to observe that the Norwegian sovereign wealth fund works best from selected funds as a defense against the resource curse, followed by the Botswana fund and third by the Venezuelan fund. Norway and Botswana...
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Twitter as an additional battlefield? Analysis of Israel Defense Forces' social media campaign during the Great March of Return
Plíštilová, Tereza ; Záhora, Jakub (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
The respective master's thesis examines the relationship between frames and narratives and how they resonate with images on social media. In the present thesis I research how Israel Defense Forces framed the protests in Gaza also known as the Great March of Return from 30 March 2018 to 30 March of 2019 on Twitter. While analyzing the twitter account of Israel Defense Forces, I apply Entman's (1993) elements of framing and identify broader strategic narratives that Israel currently employs. The broader strategic narratives include "Israel as the only democracy in the Middle East"; "Israel as a startup nation" and "Israel as the leader in combating Islamic terrorism". In the theoretical part I also reflect on previous research and studies engaging with social media and its use by militaries. In the analytical part I identify individual frames that Israel Defense Forces have repeatedly employed during the protests in the respective timeframe. Each frame is accompanied by visual content and if available by the strategic narratives.
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World Health Organization: an independent guardian of global health?
Krestová, Kateřina ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of Political Science Abstract 2020 Kateřina Krestová Abstract A decade ago, the WHO decided to make a commitment of reforming itself. Above all, the funding situation was unsustainable. The main source of WHO's funding is voluntary contributions. Anyhow promising the term voluntary might seem, the reality is more complicated since the majority of these contributions is tightly earmarked towards specific programmes. Implying the WHO is not allowed to use the money where it is needed but it must be spent according to donor's wishes. This makes budgeting highly inflexible, the financing is imbalanced between categories and efficiency of fulfilling WHO's mandate declines. The reform launched in 2010 ought to fix these issues. This thesis evaluates the efficiency of the reform; firstly, total budget patterns are compared. Followingly, the attention is given to a specific category of Noncommunicable diseases due to its most severe underfunding. The analysis was conducted based on extensive datasets never gathered before comparing all types of contributions for every category from 1999 to 2019. Findings indicate unsatisfactory results of the reform; flexible sources have not increased, contrarily earmarked donations have...
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Russia-China relations within the framework of BRICS and their international significance in terms of neo-marxist theory and neoliberal institutionalism
Rybachenko, Diana ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
Neo-Marxism and neoliberal institutionalism are applied to investigate which factors determine the cooperation of emerging powers and what consequences it may have globally within the case of Russia-China relations in BRICS. To this end, congruence analysis is applied. Based on available data, comparison of predictions with observations reveals that the majority of evidences accord with neo-Marxism. Russia and China affirm their position against the predominance of one center in the international arena and emphasize common commitment to a more equitable multipolar world order that is permanently reflected in the statements of Russian and Chinese leadership. The trade war between the US and China since 2018 is one of the evidence of the growing disintegration of the existing world order. Building a new order is based on the creation of regional coalitions of the countries that share common views on specific issues. Within the framework of BRICS, Russia and China have already taken measures towards own financial institutions as an alternative source of funding. The leaderships of both countries believe that emerging economies should have a greater voice and representation in international financial institutions. Their primary interest is the reform of the International Monetary Fund so that it...
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Corporality is Gods gift
Kubeš, Jiří ; Pařízek, Michal (advisor) ; Jandejsek, Petr (referee)
In the following work I try to grasp the theme of body and corporeality as a gift in Christian conception. Thus, in its first chapter, the work itself will go from the basic presentation of the polarity human body and spirit, the sacrament of the body and its conception as a body created according to the image of God. Thus, the reader will be able to look into the sacramental dual unity in man, the unity of the body and the soul that is desired and desired by God, and who is eternal in God. The second chapter, following the introduction of the body as an inseparable part of man, will elaborate the given theme of creation of the body to a greater depth to the conception of the created body as a gift. Here, the compilation offers the reader even greater insight into the mystery of the body through the Christian perception of the gift. The character and purpose of the gift then eventually distributes the work in its third chapter, existing with the consensus of the previous chapters, by approaching human corporeality and body through one single pattern, which is the body of Christ. On Christ's body, labor shows that, following Christ and the Church, coming out of this body, man in his body is called to the same path, that is, the path corresponding to the path of Jesus Christ. Key words Body,...
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Effectiveness of the EU-Brasil Strategic Patrnership and its impact on the region
Škop, Martin ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
This paper concerns with the development of relations between the EU and Brazil. Even though the relations are now rather stagnant due to the internal problems of both parties and the 2008 "Great Recession" , the European Union in order to meet its goals in multipolar (or non-polar) order needs to increase the attractiveness of cooperation with non-traditional partners. Brazil certainly has the potential to be among these partners. This work therefore analyzes the EU-Brazil strategic partner- ship that was made in 2007 and is defined in its action plans and is the main communication chan- nel between the Union and Brazil. This Paper lays out the content of the partnership in order to eva- luate its effectiveness and to point out the key factors behind success or vice versa which cause stagnation in its implementation. To achieve this, we have identified several indicators that are con- sidered to be crucial in the action plans and other partnership documents, and on the basis of which their achievement will lead to strengthening the links between the parties. Keywords Strategic Partnership, EU-Brazil, EU External Action, Efficiency, European Union, International Relations, Global Cooperation, Mercosur
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