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Hydrometeorological conditions of the origin of significant rain floods in the Czech territory
Müller, Miloslav
Introduction Catastrophic large-scale rain floods occurred in Middle Europe in Iu|y 1967 and iň August 2002. Projects devoted to the evaluation of thá contributed significantly to our knowledge about hydrometeorological "ottditiont of rain floods in the Czech tenitory' To comprehend the variability of such events, more cases have to be studied. That is why recent events are usually compared with historical ones. In our opinion, hydrometeorological conditions of the origin of historic events have been known not enough yet. Therefore the" most significant .large-scale as well as flash floods since the second half óf the 19th cJntury are studied in a substantial part of the thesis. Following issues are of our main interest: o the spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation and its impact on the flood; o the relation between antecedent and causal precipitation and the development of the saturation of river basins; o synoptic causes ofthe events' Historical cases afe compared with the recent ones. with respect to the findings' statements ábout hydrometeorological conditions of the origin of ňin floods in the Czechterritory are formulated. However, the detailed quantitative synoptic comparisonof the events was not possible using only the synoptic method' Therefore' the second pu.t of the thesis concerns with...
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Regularities of the distribution of rapid cooling events in Czechia and their causis
Čašek, Matěj ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Křížová, Milada (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of rapid day-to-day drops of air temperature. The research part of the thesis is focused on physical-geographical factors that affect the air temperature. Furthermore, the most common methods used to detect interdiurnal changes in air temperature are presented. Abrupt drops in air temperature were detected on the basis of the maximum and minimum daily air temperature at a total of 33 meteorological stations for the period from 1st January 1970 to 31st December 2019. The aim was to describe the regularities of the distribution of extreme drops in air temperature in both temperature characteristics, and to describe the influence of different physical-geographical conditions on the magnitude and seasonality of decline events. The thesis also describes the influence of the prevailing weather situation (according to HMÚ typing) on extreme decreases in both temperature characteristics. It was proved that the shape of the relief has a significant effect on the seasonality of decreases, especially the minimum air temperatures. Stations on convex relief are characterized by a more balanced distribution of these events during the year, while at stations on concave relief there are the largest decreases in the minimum air temperature, especially in winter. The influence...
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The Observed and projected temperature changes in the Alpine region
Pinc, Martin ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Huth, Radan (referee)
The observed and projected temperature changes in the Alpine region Abstract The paper presents comparison and evaluation of articles literature of the mentioned topic with a focus of the Swiss and Wallis Alps. The first chapter describes the physical geography of the region and mostly reminds us with Alpine specifics related to the paper's goal - ocean-continental climate, typical wind movement (the wind "foehn"), slopes orientation a steepness, snow line, forest bounds, existence of glaciers and lakes - and then mostly characterizes the air temperature in recent years. The next chapter analyzes observed temperatures in more detail. Temperatures show a long-term trend of increasing, particularly from the year 1980. More steady development is presented by the mean day minimum, rather than maximum. There is some debate when comparing lowlands and highlands - some works show bigger increase in lowlands than in highlands, some vice versa. This might be caused by the research methodology. When analyzing seasonal trends, the highest altitude sensitivity belongs to the winter season; the smallest sensitivity to the autumn. It appears that when above the 0 řC isotherm, the altitude is a small factor of the warming differences. Two categorisations of the emission scenarios are applied when projecting the future air...
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Heavy snowfall in Czechia and snowfall extremity evaluation
Kolář, Šimon ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Nedělčev, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis deals with selected heavy snowfall events and evaluation of their extremity in Czechia in the period 2009-2013. Based on a literature search, four methods to assess the extremity of heavy snowfall events are described. In Czechia, the only tool used so far is the highest recorded depth of fresh snow, which represents an indication of point extremities. Another option is to evaluate the size of the area with the depth of fresh snow according to the criteria of the Integrated Warning Service System. The third way is the regional snowfall index (RSI), considering not only the size of the affected area but also the number of population in it. It would also be possible to assess the heavy snowfall events with the help of the weather extremity index (WEI), which would quantify the area distribution of return periods of depth of fresh snow at meteorological stations. In the second part of the thesis, the extremity of four selected events is evaluated using the first three criteria and the differences resulting from the tools used are pointed out. The results of the extremity assessment of individual heavy snowfall events according to different indices show a difference in the results in the extremity assessment for the same event depending on the evaluation index used. We record the maximum...
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Compound hydrometeorological events
Laco, Martin ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Pejchová Plavcová, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with compound hydrometeorological events and provides overview of recent knowledge of this significant natural phenomena. There have risen several definitions of compound hydrometeorological events in recent years. All of these definitions are connected with condition of simultaneous occurrence of two, possibly more dangerous meteorological or hydrological threats. Examples are simultaneous occurrence of drought and heatwave. One of the aims of the study was to attempt classication of compound hydrometeorological events. Based on recent knowledge, it is possible to look at this type of threat from two main perspectives. The first perspective could be a description of a compound event as a random combination of dangerous threats, while the second perspective illustrates the dangerous phenomena as interdependent events. The practical part outlines some examples of associated hydrometeorological events that occurred in the Czech Republic with the help of brief case studies. Key words: compound hydrometeorological events, simultaneous occurrence, storm surge, heavy precipitation, drought, heatwave
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Climate extremes in teaching geography
Nováková, Barbora ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Müller, Miloslav (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with climatic extremes and its position in education from students' and teachers' point of view, textbooks and curriculum documents. The introductory part describes the basic characteristics of climatic extremes using specialized literature. The key part of the thesis is research combining quantitative and qualitative methods. The main framework of the thesis is quantitative research, which aims to find out, by means of a questionnaire survey, what are the attitudes of students towards the topic of climatic extremes. Based on the questionnaire survey, it is further evaluated with which preconceptions students come into education. A model lesson based on a constructivist model of teaching, specifically using the E-R-R (evocation - realization - reflection) method, was designed to monitor students' responses. After experimental education, students filled in the questionnaires for the second time, and the last filling took place several weeks later. Repeated questionnaires allowed tracking changes in students' responses and observing the impact of education. Part of the thesis is qualitative research which includes interviews with teachers of geography, analysis of textbooks and curriculum documents. The results show that students come into the education with some knowledge of...
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Extreme precipitation events in Macaronesia
Kloubová, Martina ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Huth, Radan (referee)
Extreme precipitation events in Macaronesia Abstract The thesis is dedicated to extreme precipitation events in Macaronesia, an area in the Eastern Atlantic that includes the Azores, Madeira, Canary and Cape Verde Islands. An extensive physical-geographic characteristic of the region is followed by the analysis of daily rainfall data from the period 1977-2016, based on 16 stations. Data quality fluctuates, whereas data from the Canary Islands proved to be the most reliable. To evaluate the extremity of precipitation, their one-day to three-day sums are expressed using return periods, each archipelago then obtains an overview of 20 events with the largest extremity via geometric means of the return periods. The temporal and spatial variability of the events is solved by direction vector method. In all the archipelagoes, the cases of extreme precipitation are concentrated in the humid part of the year, but at varying intensities. The highest concentration of the events is reported in Cape Verde (in September), whereas the smallest one belongs to Azores and Madeira, with one-day extremes even in the warmer part of the year. An increase in the number of events during the studied period has only been reported in Cape Verde. Extreme events usually hit only one of the Macaronesian archipelagoes. Finally, a basic...
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Extreme precipitation in low mountain ranges in Central Europe: a comparative study between the Vosges and the Ore mountains
Minářová, Jana ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Žák, Michal (referee) ; Caumont, Olivier (referee)
of the doctoral dissertation Extreme precipitation is related to flooding which is one of the most frequent natural hazards in Central Europe. Detailed understanding of extreme precipitation is the precondition for an efficient risk management and more precise projections of precipitation, which include uncertainties, especially at regional scale. The thesis focuses on extreme precipitation in the Ore Mountains (OM) and the Vosges Mountains (VG); two low mountain ranges in Central Europe experiencing orographic effect on precipitation. Based on state of the art about precipitation in OM and VG, a currently missing analysis of the temporal distribution of precipitation in VG was needed prior to the analysis of extremes. The original dataset of daily precipitation totals from 14 weather stations used in the initial study was extended to 168 stations covering a broader area of VG. The study of temporal distribution of precipitation during 1960-2013 led to a classification of stations: (i) mountainous stations with winter maxima and highest mean annual totals due to orographic enhancement of precipitation, (ii) stations on leeward slopes with two maxima (summer and winter), (iii) lee side stations with summer maxima and lowest mean annual totals due to rain shadow and more continental character, and...
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