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Relations of teaching styles with children's academic self-efficacy
Komárek, Tomáš ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
6 Title: The relationship between teachers' educational styles and the perceived academic efficacy of primary school students Author: PhDr. Mgr. Tomáš Komárek Department: Department of Psychology Supervisor: PhDr. Simona Horáková Hoskovcová, Ph.D. Abstract: The presented doctoral thesis examines the issue of perceived academic efficacy in relation to teachers' educational styles in the transitional period between the first and second half of primary school (equivalent to transition from primary school to secondary school). The main research aim was to test the hypothesis that teachers' educational styles influence the perceived academic efficacy of students using quantitative statistical methods. The second aim was to compare regular schools with schools using the teaching programme 'Step by Step' in both main variables and to determine the extent to which these schools differ. The research sample was comprised of fifth-grade students from both types of schools (N = 896). The data was obtained using three questionnaires: the questionnaire 'Interaction of the teacher and students' examines the teacher's educational style; questionnaires 'Myself as a learner scale' and 'Children self-efficacy scale' focus on measuring the students' perceived academic efficacy. The results confirmed a statistically significant...
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Accuracy and speed in numerosity at individuals with dyscalculia
Pražáková, Kateřina ; Špačková, Klára (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The thesis deals with the topic of dyscalculia, which is officially recognized as a learning disability. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the current status of knowledge about development of mathematical skills and their disorders in the context of dyscalculia. The empiric part of this thesis describes a research which compares the performances of individuals with dyscalculia and control participants on a range number and numerosity processing tasks. The main goal was to describe the image of possible causes of difficulties. Deficits in the processing of symbolic and nonsymbolic numerosities were observed in group of dyscalculic participants. We conclude that dyscalculia is related to specific disabilities in basic numerical and numerosity processing which affects ability to acquire arithmetical skills. KEYWORDS Klíčová slova (anglicky): Dyscalculia, numerosity, arithmetic skills, mathematical skills, specific learning difficulties
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Written expressions of pupils at the 3rd and 5th graders in diagnostic dictation
Dolníková, Věra ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of written expression of pupils in relation to their region and the type of schools in which they are educated. It also deals with spelling skills of pupils with specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills. The theoretical part summarizes the findings relating to the development of writing skills. It describes two basic developmental models, as well as the diagnostics of spelling. The research part consists of two assessment methods such as the quantitative methodology and the qualitative research methods which summarize the level of spelling skills contained in the research sample. The diagnosis revealed that both of the assessment methods are reliable and comparable for the diagnosis of the specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills and their outputs. The research revealed lower scores amongst pupils in the region who were included in the conducted tests used for the research. This research helped to define similarities and differences in spelling skills between socially disadvantaged pupils and pupils with specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills. Keywords: specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills, dysorthographia, development of writing skills, spelling diagnostics, writing tests, social disadvantages
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Environmental aspects of reading and reading self-concept
Rusnáková, Kristýna ; Presslerová, Pavla (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the problems of child literacy and the environmental factors which condition its origin and development. My work maps the importance of external environmental determiners that affect reading comprehension and attitudes to reading including motivation and reading habits. The theoretical part looks into the elements of the children's reading process such as gaining skills and sub-skills, self-reflection and forms of aids to support reading in school and family - these two factors are the crucial ones. My work also considers the role of institutions such libraries but also the media and devices (TV, PC, the Internet). The empirical part presents the results of questionaires collected from the research of fourth grade elementary school students and their parents. The aim of the research was to see how is reading comprehension reflected in the assessment of children own reading skills of 4th grade pupils. Further, the thesis deals with how the influence of the family is reflected in the performance of reading comprehension and in the pupil's reading skills. Key words Environmental influences, reading literacy, reading habits, reading comprehension, reading self-concept.
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Comparison of S-B IV. Test and IDS Test Based on the Measuring Verbal Skills in Preschool Age
Horáková, Simona ; Soukupová, Tereza (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The goal of the diploma thesis is to map the relationship between two intelligence tests for children based on comparison of selected verbal subtests used on pre-school children. The thesis deals with the verification of the so-called Flynn effect in relation to the different age of S-B IV. test and IDS test. The theoretical section describes the intelligence as a concept, individual approaches to its research and diagnostics, including specifics of working with children in this age group. Different tests of intelligence designed for children are presented with more attention paid to the tests used in the research. The theoretical part also deals with the development period of pre-school children, speech and issues with an obsolescence of the tests. In the empirical section of the thesis, the data from 30 children that have undergone the tests are processed using correlation and regression analyses. Conclusions based on the statistical analyses are developed further in an empirical section while the study revealed the following surprising findings. A significant relationship between the S-B IV. test and IDS test has not been found and there was no confirmation of the Flynn effect hypothesis. The discussion section focuses on the reflection of the research conclusions including the limitations of...
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Reading comprehension in children with autism spectrum disorder in 6th and 9th grade
Nováková, Hana ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The submitted thesis deals with the matter of reading comprehension in pupils with autism spectrum disorders. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part we dealt with the issue of autism spectrum disorders, constituent diagnoses and the triad of disrupted areas. Further into thesis we presented the reader the fundamental cognitive theories which explain exhibitions within the range of autism spectrum disorders. Towards the end of thesis we dealt with reader's literacy with special emphasis on reading comprehension. The second part presents empirical research aimed at ascertainment of reading comprehension in pupils with autism spectrum disorders. The research sample consisted of sixth and ninth grade pupils diagnosed with Asperger syndrome from both primary and grammar school. The sample was supplemented with a control group which comprised intact pupils of the same grades. For the purposes of this study there were created new tests focusing on the level of reading comprehension. The first test aimed at reading comprehension with regard to silent reading, the second test observed reading comprehension in terms of loud reading. Methodology was further supplemented with the Strange Stories test ascertaining the level of theory of mind. The crucial part of...
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Reading Literacy Development of Pupils with Other Mother Tongue in Inclusive Education Context
Rychlíková, Marie ; Wildová, Radka (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee) ; Vykoukalová, Věra (referee)
TITLE: Reading Literacy Development of Pupils with Other Mother Tongue in Inclusive Education Context AUTHOR: Mgr. Marie Rychlíková DEPARTMENT: Department of Primary Education PedF UK Prague SUPERVISOR: prof. PaedDr. Radka Wildová, CSc. ABSTRACT: This thesis is focused on the reading literacy issues of pupils with other mother tongue in primary education. The aim of this work is to analyse and describe the contemporary state of reading literacy skills of pupils with other mother tongue in inclusive education context. The foreigners children have to overcome the social and cultural differences as well as the language barrier. In order to be successfully included into the education system, and consequently into our society, the pupils need to learn Czech language at the best level they are able to. The structure of this work is divided into two parts - the theoretical and practical one. There were quantitative and qualitative methods used in the research. The individual aims of this work were analysed, processed and discussed based on the results of the two research phases and description of good practice examples from Finland. Finally the conclusions and suggestions were expressed. KEY WORDS: Reading literacy, first reading literacy, inclusion, stereotypes, basic literacy, pupil with other mother tongue,...
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Perception of strengths and difficulties with children with the risk of development of literacy struggles
Nováková, Josefína ; Kucharská, Anna (advisor) ; Presslerová, Pavla (referee)
This bachelor thesis was executed by data collection within the ELDEL project in form of a questionnaire SDQ (Goodman, 1999). This questionnaire was designed by a pediatric neurologist and psychiatrist Robert Goodman, who expanded earlier created questionnaire for parents by Michael Rutter (Rutter scale for completion by parents - A scale). This questionnaire aimed for parents with children with specific language impairment, children with family risk of Dyslexia and children with typical development. SQD questionnaire was a part of a battery, which parents underwent within the ELDEL project. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out, whether there is a statistically significant difference in the parents perception of their children between individual groups. In the individual scales, which are included in the SDQ questionnaire, in the overall score or between the score of individual groups. There were 133 children in the experimental sample, which this bachelor thesis examines. These children were divided into 3 groups based on information retrieved from their parents. After the testing, the placement of each individual was adjusted based on acquired data. After the data evaluation a quantitative analysis was used, which uncovered that there are statistically significant differences in the...
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Resilience and stress situations in emerging adulthood
Rejsková, Kateřina ; Presslerová, Pavla (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The bachelor thesis is dealing with stressful situations and coping with them in the context of emerging adulthood in the Czech Republic. The aim is to find out how young people perceive the period in which they are. It is also essential what stressful situations they encounter during this period and what helps them cope with these situations. In the beginning of theoretical part the adulthood is defined. Another part is then focused on a new period of emerging adulthood, on its basic characteristics and the conditions that allowformation to this new stage of human life. After that a large portion is devoted to the issueof stress, stressful situations and coping with them, all in the context of emerging adulthood. The practical part explains methodology of research, which is based on a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with ten university students. Processing the interviews was done using the grounded theory method. The analyzed data are presented and interpreted in the practical part.
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