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Transcranial direct current stimulation in treatment of tinnitus and its psychiatric comorbidity
Mareš, Tadeáš ; Anders, Martin (advisor) ; Klírová, Monika (referee) ; Slovák, Matěj (referee)
The theoretical part of our work is divided into three chapters and provides a contemporary systematic literature review of tinnitus, neurostimulation, and selected neurostimulation methods in its therapy. The first chapter includes an overview of the history, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, theoretical development models, diagnosis, treatment methods, and comorbidities of tinnitus. The second chapter summarizes the history, principles, practical application, use, and adverse effect profile of the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The third chapter describes the use of neurostimulation methods in tinnitus therapy, especially synthesizing previous works' knowledge, comparing the protocols used, and identifying the positive influence of the intervals between individual tDCS applications on the therapeutic effects. The research part evaluates the short-term and long-term effects of tDCS on the subjective perception of tinnitus, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and quality of life measured by the use of questionnaires. It is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled clinical trial of 39 participants diagnosed with chronic, non-pulsatile tinnitus. The research protocol included six applications of bifrontal tDCS in two consecutive weeks, 48 to 72 hours apart, with a...
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Borna disease virus (BDV), circulating immunocomplex (CIC) detection in the serum of psychiatric patients
Racková, Sylva ; Beran, Jiří (advisor) ; Anders, Martin (referee) ; Sedláček, Dalibor (referee)
The aim of our study was the detection of BDV CIC positivity in psychiatric patients (with affective disorders, psychosis and addiction) hospitalized in the Psychiatric department of Faculty Hospital in Pilsen. Three groups of psychiatric patients were examined (included). BDV CIC positivity was detected in 26.1% of the first group of psychiatric patients, in 48% on day 0, in 53.85% on day 28 and in 52.94% on day 56. The differences between the two groups of psychiatric patients with affective and psychotic disorders could be connected with the different period of blood sampling. We demonstrated a significantly higher BDV CIC positivity in psychiatric patients in comparison with a control group of blood donors. We demonstrated the connection between BDV infection and psychopathology. We confirmed the results of German studies. There is no difference in BDV CIC positivity in addicted patients and healthy individuals. We did not find a decrease of BDV positivity during an abstinence period. We suppose BDV infection can influence the etiology and course of psychiatric patients.
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The therapeutical effect of rTMS on symptomatology in schizophrenia
Baláková, Lucie ; Horáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Anders, Martin (referee)
The RTMS is a new noninvasive method has the potential to both therapeutic and experimental level. The research presented in this work was dedicated to the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in psychiatry. We focused also on a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action using methods of functional imaging methods and sensing electrical activity of the brain. The experimental part of the research include the testing of cognitive function and their potential effects by stimulating the cerebral cortex district, which is regarded as the seat of that particular modality. We discuss neurobiological factors that may explain the ineffectiveness of therapy and other options are designed to test the use of rTMS in this indication. This is the Reversible stimulation (right) or bilateral stimulation, rTMS targeting the coil at the bottom of the parietal cortex, extending the total period of stimulation and the use of individual navigation based on EEG or functional imaging.
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Prediction of the therapeutic response in the treatment of affective disorders using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Albrecht, Jakub ; Anders, Martin (advisor) ; Ustohal, Libor (referee) ; Tuček, Jan (referee)
Prediction of the therapeutic response in the treatment of affective disorders using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation MUDr. Jakub Albrecht Summary Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective and safe neuromodulatory treatment of several neuropsychiatric conditions. Treatment resistant depression (TRD) is becoming the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The design was narutallistic and observational. Methods: The cohort (2016-2018) contains 39 depressed patients (STAR*D grade ≥3). The parameters of TMS were: 10 days of 10 Hz stimulation with an energy of 100 % of motor evoked potential (MEP), 1500 pulses in 15 trains over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Self-reporting scales were administered prior to and after the final stimulation: Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR). Co-medication was not altered. Results: The subjective effect was significant and widespread with a median decrease: in SDS of 10 points (from 75 ±8.16 to 65 ±9.56), 59 % of patients improved ≥10 % from the baseline; in PSS of 4 points (29 ±5.34 to 25 ±5.90), 62 % improved ≥10 %; in BAI of 4 points (46 ±13.72 to 42 ±11.51), 54 % improved ≥10 %; in QIDS-SR 6 points (17...
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Methods of electroconvulsive therapy augmentation
Buday, Jozef ; Anders, Martin (advisor) ; Kašpárek, Tomáš (referee) ; Dragašek, Jozef (referee)
In the theoretical part of our study, we provide a systematic review of contemporary methods (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) of ECT augmentation, as scored by three factors - manipulation of the seizure threshold, length of therapeutic seizures and the effect on ECT efficacy measured by the total number of ECT sessions and the rate/quantity of change on used objective/subjective scales. We also provide a summary of possible side effects and risks associated with the use of respective ECT augmentation methods. In the research part of our study, we explore the effect of high frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation on the respective ECT parameters, in a double blinded, placebo controlled, randomised study on a sample of 46 patients treated for a major depressive episode. During ECT titration, we registered a significantly lower seizure threshold in the experimental group, an average decrease in charge by 34.55%, from 34.23mC to 22.4mC, p< 0.001 (Wilcox test). We have not observed a significant effect of HF rTMS on the length of seizure or ECT efficacy. Our study confirms the hypothesis, that the application of HF rTMS briefly before an ECT session reduces the seizure threshold, which might be useful in certain types of patients.
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Lifestyle patients with psychiatric illness
Chmelíková, Lucie ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Anders, Martin (referee)
Introduction: Obesity in individuals with psychiatric disorders is normal nowadays. The aim of this research was to determine the lifestyle and the causes leading to obesity in these individuals. Methods: The quantitative research was conducted at the department D3 and III. 1. Internal Clinic at the Faculty of Medicine and at the General Faculty Hospital in Prague, at the psychiatric hospital Bohnice and on the Internet. The data were obtained through a questionnaire survey. The goal was to determine what basic eating and exercise habits the respondents with selected psychiatric disorders have, whether they are smokers and how they are burdened with diseases of civilization compared to the control group. The results: Data analysis revealed that respondents with psychiatric disease show more type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart disease and high blood pressure (89%) in the family and personal history. The results also showed that these individuals are more frequent smokers. Of the selected respondents, 46% were smokers, whilst 60% were smokers in the control group. According to 51% of respondents, overeating and according to 57%, little movement has the biggest impact on weight gain. In food preferences, psychiatric respondents reported the highest representation (62%) of vegetables and fruits. In...
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