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The methods of training in high-altitude conditions
Polívka, Tomáš ; Heller, Jan (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: The Methods Of Training In High-Altitude Conditions Aim: The aim of the study was to summarize published information on the issue of training methods in high mountain conditions and to determine whether the current use of methods can positively affect the performance of athletes. It includes findings from the history and current use of methods to achieve adaptive changes in the body. Methods: The method used in the bachelor thesis was document analysis and electronic database search. Results: We found that high-altitude training in both natural and artificial conditions improves oxygen transfer, red blood cell volume and maximal oxygen consumption VO2max. Thus, it can positively influence the performance of athletes when certain factors associated with hypoxic training are respected. We have also found that there is a considerable amount of scientific literature on the subject, which continues to grow, but the evidence is by no means conclusive. Keywords: Hypoxic training, altitude, performance, adaptation, acclimatization
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Queue Data Processing
Polívka, Tomáš ; Rychlý, Marek (referee) ; Bartík, Vladimír (advisor)
The idea of this bachelor thesis is to select the most suitable technology for queuing data processing. Using the selected technology, we will then implement the queuing solution in a currently running application. The final implementation compare with the existing solution which is based on database queuing.
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Relationship between projected and adopted curriculum Health education for primary education graduates
Polívka, Tomáš ; Fialová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Řepka, Emil (referee) ; Marádová, Eva (referee)
Title: Relationship between projected and adopted curriculum Health Education for primary education graduates Problem: Curricular reform begins in 2004, and education is transformed into this reform. Schools are gaining more autonomy, so that they can use their conditions more effectively. The educational field of Health Education is newly being introduced in schools. This field of education should pass on knowledge and skills, that will help students maintain a higher level of health in the future. We see the problem in the fact that Health Education is not clearly defined in the system of curricular documents and schools have a relatively large degree of autonomy in its implementation. In addition, no systematic feedback is provided yet. Thus, it is not clear how effective is the teaching of Health Education, how much time is devoted to it, how teachers are educated and what is the interest in studying Health Education at pedagogical faculties, there are also no standardized evaluation tools. Aim of the thesis: The aim of the thesis is to analyse the level of the acquired curriculum of the educational field of Health Education with regard to the model implementation of the designed curriculum and to find out which main organizational form is most effective for meeting the outputs set in the...
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Bioapplications of novel nanostructured materials
Fučíková, Anna ; Valenta, Jan (advisor) ; Polívka, Tomáš (referee) ; Plášek, Jaromír (referee)
Title: Bioapplications of novel nanostructured materials Author: Anna Fučíková Department / Institute: Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Doc. RNDr. Jan Valenta, Ph.D., Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Abstract: This work is aimed at development of new fluorescent labels based on silicon nanocrystals. Nanodiamonds and commercial CdSe quantum dots have been used as comparative materials. Silicon nanocrystals are relatively small (1-4 nm) compared to other studied nanomaterials. They are prepared by electro-chemical etching and their surface can be activated by various molecules which strongly influences luminescence properties. Luminescence quantum efficiency can be as high as 30 % and perfectly photostable even in biological environment. Si nanocrystals are biodegradable in a living organism within reasonable time scale and non-toxic. We are able to detect luminescence of single nanocrystals, even inside living cells, with use of our micro-spectroscopy apparatus. Nanodiamonds have weak luminescence; they are toxic at higher dosages and very stable in living bodies (without available technique how to remove them). Studied CdSe...
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Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Advanced methods and their defined applications in protein science
Pospíšil, Petr ; Hof, Martin (advisor) ; Heřman, Petr (referee) ; Polívka, Tomáš (referee)
The hydration and dynamics of the biomolecules appear to be vital for their proper biological functioning. In the presented thesis, various fluorescence techniques were developed and applied to access these properties and their changes upon the mutual interactions of the biomolecules. Initially, the solvent relaxation method based on recording time-dependent fluorescence shift (TDFS) was used to map DNA interactions with proteins and lipids by the newly synthesised fluorene dye covalently bound to the DNA. Secondly, copper-transporting ATPase was probed by Badan attached to the copper-binding cysteine-proline-cysteine motif. The variations in hydration were found to be crucial for the proper ATPase function. Third, a detailed study on quenching of Badan/Prodan fluorescence by tryptophan revealed the limitations of the TDFS method for protein studies, which is essential finding for further applications of TDFS. Fourth application involves investigations of heavy atom effects on the excited state relaxation processes by up-conversion approach in iodinated metallocorroles, which are promising dyes for biological imaging. The obtained findings shall help in further tuning of the optical properties of the corroles desired for the variety of applications. Finally, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy...
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Quantum Coherence for Light Harvesting
Paleček, David ; Dědic, Roman (advisor) ; Jonas, David M. (referee) ; Polívka, Tomáš (referee)
Almost all life on Earth depends on the products of photosynthesis - the biochemical process whereby solar energy is stored as chemical-rich compounds. The energy of captured photons is transferred through a network of pigment-protein complexes towards the reaction center. The reaction center is responsible for trans-membrane charge separation, which generates a proton motive force which drives all subsequent biochemical reactions. The ultrafast (femtosecond) nature of the primary processes in photosynthesis is the main reason for its astonishing efficiency. On this timescale, quantum effects start to play a role and can appear in measured spectra as oscillations. It has been hypothesized that these are evidence of wave-like energy transfer. To unveil the fundamental principals of ultrafast excitation energy transfer in both natural and artificial light-harvesting systems, advanced spectroscopy techniques have been utilized. Coherent two- dimensional electronic spectroscopy is a state of the art technique which allows the most complete spectroscopic and temporal information to be extracted from the system under study. This technique has allowed us to identify a new photophysical process where the coherence of the initially excited state is shifted to the ground state upon an energy transfer step. Coherence...
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Role of system-bath interaction time-scales in photosynthetic excitation energy transfer
Malý, Pavel ; Mančal, Tomáš (advisor) ; Croce, Roberta (referee) ; Polívka, Tomáš (referee)
ROLE ASOVÉ 'KÁLY INTERAKCE SYSTÉM-LÁZE VE FOTOSYNTETICKÉM P ENOSU EXCITANÍ ENERGIE Tato práce se věnuje vlivu rychlého a pomalého molekulárno pohybu na přenos excitační energie ve fotosyntetick- ých světlosběrných komplexech. Vyvinuli jsme nový teoretický popis vnitromolekulárních vibračních mod· a zjistili jsme, že jejich resonance s energetickými rozdíly mezi fotosyntetickými pigmenty m·že vést ke zrychlení přenosu energie. Použitím jednomolekulární spektroskopie jsme pozorovali jak pomalé změny bílkovinné konformace mohou zcela změnit stav světlosběrného komplexu LHCII vyšších rostlin. Také jsme vyvinuli novou experimentální techniku, dvoupulzní ultrarychlou jednomolekulární spektroskopii. S její pomocí m·žeme pozorovat jak pomalý pohyb bílkoviny bakteriální antény LH2 ovlivňuje ultrarychlou relaxaci energie uvnitř komplexu. Konstrukcí jednotného modelu pro ultrarychlé objemové a jednomolekulární experimenty se nám podařilo zakomponovat rychlou a pomalou časovou škálu molekulárního pohybu do jednoho pohledu na fotosyntetický sběr světla.
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Fluorescence Spectroscopy: Advanced methods and their defined applications in protein science
Pospíšil, Petr ; Hof, Martin (advisor) ; Heřman, Petr (referee) ; Polívka, Tomáš (referee)
The hydration and dynamics of the biomolecules appear to be vital for their proper biological functioning. In the presented thesis, various fluorescence techniques were developed and applied to access these properties and their changes upon the mutual interactions of the biomolecules. Initially, the solvent relaxation method based on recording time-dependent fluorescence shift (TDFS) was used to map DNA interactions with proteins and lipids by the newly synthesised fluorene dye covalently bound to the DNA. Secondly, copper-transporting ATPase was probed by Badan attached to the copper-binding cysteine-proline-cysteine motif. The variations in hydration were found to be crucial for the proper ATPase function. Third, a detailed study on quenching of Badan/Prodan fluorescence by tryptophan revealed the limitations of the TDFS method for protein studies, which is essential finding for further applications of TDFS. Fourth application involves investigations of heavy atom effects on the excited state relaxation processes by up-conversion approach in iodinated metallocorroles, which are promising dyes for biological imaging. The obtained findings shall help in further tuning of the optical properties of the corroles desired for the variety of applications. Finally, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy...
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Temperature dependence of the triplet-triplet energy transfer in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes
Vinklárek, Ivo ; Pšenčík, Jakub (advisor) ; Polívka, Tomáš (referee)
Toxic singlet oxygen can be populated by the quenching of triplet states of chlorophyll (Chl). In photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), the gen- eration of singlet oxygen is prevented by a photoprotective mechanism based on an energy transfer from Chl triplets to carotenoids, which occurs via a Dexter mechanism (DET). The temperature dependence of the DET was studied in three selected LHCs by means of transient absorption spectroscopy. The emphasis was on a chlorophyll a-chlorophyll c2-peridinin-protein complex (acpPC) of Dinoflagel- late Amphidinium carterae. The results obtained from acpPC were compared with those for LHC-II from pea and chlorosomes of Chloroflexus aurantiacus. All three antennas exhibit high efficiency and fast rate of chlorophyll triplet quenching by carotenoids at room temperature, which prevents the accumulation of Chl triplets. The fast rate of quenching persists at low temperatures (≥77 K) in the case of LHC-II. However, the efficiency of the Chl triplets quenching is lower as proved by a detection of long-lived Chl triplets with a millisecond lifetime. These triplets were assigned to peripheral Chls that are not neighbouring with carotenoids active at 77 K. A similar population of long-lived Chl triplets was detected in the acpPC complex. In acpPC, the rate of the...
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