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Targeted killing as a means of the fight against terrorism
Kučera, Tomáš ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Bílková, Veronika (referee)
In recent decades we can watch heated debates on the legal and moral permissibility of State-sponsored targeted killings involving representatives from Governments, academic circles, military and police forces, intelligence services, human rights groups, humanitarian institutions, intergovernmental organizations a and the mass media. These debates are even more intense after the killing of Osama bin Laden, leader of the terrorist group Al Qaeda, in May 2011. The aim of the thesis is to answer to the question: Are targeted killings a permissible method of fight against terrorism? The legality of targeted killings is analyzed in term of lex lata international law, namely under human rights law, international humanitarian law and law of international security. The thesis is composed of six chapters. Chapter One defines basic terminology used in the thesis. The Chapter is subdivided into two parts. Part One defines the concept of targeted killings. Part Two defines the notion of terrorism. Chapter Two examines the legality of targeted killings in term of law of international security. Chapter Three describes the parallel application of human rights law and international humanitarian law. Chapter Four analyzes the legality of targeted killings under human rights law. The Chapter is subdivided into two...
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Sino-Japanese security relations: does a threat of military conflict exist?
Bartoň, Vojtěch ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
The main goal of this master's degree thesis is research how possible is armed conflict between People's Republic of China and Japan. Both states which are important actors in Pacific region and also in the global scale, had a number of conflicts in history. Nowadays is visible sharp deterioration of relations due to territorial, political, military and economic disputes. The beginning of thesis is aimed to show historical background of the mutual relations that is a key for understanding nowadays disputes. The research is based on two theories - neorealistic balance of power theory and concept of commercial liberalism. The factors from these theories can measure relevance of threat and helps answer the question how possible is the emergence of armed conflict. According to the results of research maintaining of peace between China and Japan is more probable mainly due to interdependence of both countries. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Mortality trends and patterns in the Caspian region of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Alimova, Ulpan ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This work is devoted to the study of mortality trends and patterns in the Caspian Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Through the last decade the extraordinary rise in mortality are registered there as well as in the whole Kazakhstan. This region of Kazakhstan also makes possible to identify a large mortality disadvantage for males, especially at working ages. Despite the undergoing decline of mortality along with positive economic development in the region, the intensity of mortality has no perceptible improvement.
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Cultural property in armed conflicts: Typical motivations causing their destruction
Pelikánová, Eva ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bruner, Tomáš (referee)
In recent years protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflicts has become largely mentioned issue. Despite broad international legal codification of principles to prevent destruction of cultural property in the event of armed conflicts, destruction of cultural property obviously occurs. Within discussion on their protection, attention is not so paid to the values of cultural property representing for interested actors not merely in the event of armed conflicts. Attention is not much paid also to the motivations leading actors to destroy cultural property in the event of armed conflicts. The thesis is based on current state of knowledge both in academic or international law and it focuses on exploring motivations leading actors to destroy cultural property in the event of armed conflicts. To answer the research question: "What motivators are leading actors to actively destroy cultural monuments in armed conflicts?" is proceeded from analysis of literature that expounds the motivations for the destruction of cultural property in the event of armed conflicts. These motivations will be understood as theoretical explanations of destruction for the purposes of the work, and on the basis of five case studies, their validity will be checked. The subsequent synthesis of the conclusions of...
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The future of NATO: between territorial defense and out-of-area operations
Béres, Bianka ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis embraces the development of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) emphasizing the Alliance's capability to adequately adapt and react to the rapidly growing number of security challenges in our globalized world. Using the historical turning points and the experiences gained during the various conflicts the dissertation's focus is on the future of NATO in the "era of unpeace" where it is required to "defend against known unknowns" (Jankowski and Stepniewski (ed.) 2021). The first chapter of the thesis consists of an overview of the four main stages of the Alliance's development. The first phase (1949-1990) is the Cold War period, when the member states' emphasis was to build a strong collective defence strategy but at the same time, they established a liberal democratic system and accepted common values from the institutional point of view. The new members have adopted these governance standards and institutions, proved the effective assertion of the liberal institutionalism doctrine but never gave up military realism. The second stage (1990-2001) was represented by emerging new security challenges due to the fact that the bipolar world order had came to an end and the Alliance reacted to this by spreading the "security umbrella" with crisis management policies and...
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Small State in NATO: Arms procurement in the Czech Armed Forces
Křikava, Richard ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis is puzzled with influence of NATO on Army of Czech Republic (ACR)'s armaments and if this influence is key factor in decision making regarding new acquisition projects or if other factors have bigger impact on decision making in question. NATO with the USA as its main sponsor is more benevolent than Warsaw Pact of which The Czech Republic was part during Cold War. Even though we can observe attempts to force member states into increasing their defense budgets from position of power, the main principle in new armament acquisition is standardization, which is based on semi-voluntary bases. However, in case of The Czech Republic standardization is not starting factor for new acquisition project. Change in security environment after Russian aggression in Ukraine in 2014 forced states to into increasing their defense budgets, which was manifested itself in summit in Wales in 2014, where NATO member states promised to allocate 2% of GDP by 2024. However, it was observed that not all states will meet this deadline and that size of state do not play significant role. Increasing of defense budget allowed ACR to start long awaited modernization projects. This diploma thesis found that not NATO but outdated equipment with fear from being dependent on Russian provisioning plays a key role.
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Departure hall
Kučera, Tomáš ; Šmak, Milan (referee) ; Pilgr, Milan (advisor)
The objective of the diploma thesis is to design and check a load-carrying steel structure of departure lounge in Ostrava. The building has a rectangular plan with dimensions of 45x63m. Height of the building at its heightest point is 13m. First variant composes of trussed girders and purlins. Spatial rigidity is achieved by bracings. Second variant is a flat space frame. The design of joints, column anchorage and drawings has been made for variant 2.
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Termination of military service of a professional soldier with an emphasis on comparison with the termination of employment
Kučera, Tomáš ; Pichrt, Jan (advisor) ; Štefko, Martin (referee)
1 Termination of military service of a professional soldier with an emphasis on comparison with the termination of employment Abstract This thesis is devoted to the topic of the termination of military service of a professional soldier according to the law on professional soldiers in comparison to legal frame of termination of emplyoment according to the labour code. In regard to achieve that goal, a current legal regulation of termination of military service is described and differences from the legal regulation of termination of employment are highlighted. Concurrently, both the rights associated with the termination of military service and the consequences of the possible annulment of the decision on termination of military service were assessed. The result of the examination was to find out the significant similarity of both legal regulations, but also specific differences. The similarity can be seen in the case of selected ways of termination of both relationships (military service and employment) - the expiration of time, the death of a soldier or employee or the cancellation of the relationship during the trial period. Both (military service and employment) differ in the case of the right to retirement pay, which by law belongs to professional soldiers (if the specified conditions are met, they are...
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Quantum and tempo of population ageing process in the twelve countries of the former Soviet Union: Challenges, opportunities and public policies
Mustafina, Marta ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee) ; Sidorenko, Alexandre (referee)
Quantum and tempo of population ageing process in the twelve countries of the former Soviet Union: Challenges, opportunities and public policies Abstract Population ageing is an omnipresent phenomenon which brings along unprecedented challenges to socio-economic development, especially to employment, social security and public health sectors. The broad goal of this doctoral thesis was to demonstrate that it is time to recognize the importance of population ageing and its dynamics even in the countries with relatively young population structures and to take urgent action through implementation of corresponding policy interventions in order to mitigate and eliminate the upcoming negative consequences and utilize potential opportunities. Research on population ageing in both more and less developed countries is abundant. However, amidst numerous studies, countries of the former Soviet Union remain largely overlooked. Besides, the quantum and tempo of population ageing have not been adequately addressed in the existing literature worldwide. This research addresses, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, those issues. Holistic approach to gap analysis was adopted to guide this study. The analysis was performed in three steps. The first step incorporated the identification and analysis of the observed...
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Chinese Strategic Posture: the Case of Semiconductor
Scarazzato, Lorenzo ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Urbancová, Kateřina (referee)
The study investigates the influence of politics over technology to then deepen the relevance of semiconductors as part of the defence realm in the case of China. To this end, the importance of technology in warfare and the entailed trade-offs are illustrated along with the efforts to regulate the export flow. The theoretical framework focuses on finding local validity rather than a universal one, bridging politics and technology via the time factor. Hence, semiconductors are included in the Chinese defence sector showing the relevance given them by Beijing's plans for military modernisation. An overview of the supply chain allows for a better understanding of the implications stemming from its global structure, underscoring the autarky-efficiency challenges any state needs to address. Consequently, China embodies a favourable case study because of its domestic power structure, modernisation ambitions, and imposed export controls directing its choices. A thorough analysis of policies and procurement means is employed to confirm the securitisation of the technology, gauging domestic prospects, international responses, and hindrances. Finally, two scenarios structure the main drivers into plausible outlooks, sketching development in the short term and suggesting further research avenues.
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