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Role of human figure drawing in Indicative test of school maturity
Michálková, Anna ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Presslerová, Pavla (referee)
The thesis studies the role of human figure drawing in Orientační test školní zralosti (i. e. Jirasek's Orientation Test of School Readiness). The starting point is the correspondence between human figure drawing and other tasks in both verbal and non-verbal thinking. For the empirical material we have chosen pre-school children results in Orientační test školní zralosti, including the verbal thinking test and Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices. The aim is to examine correspondence of human figure drawing with other tasks taking into account verbal and non-verbal thinking and logical and infralogic operations. The data was collected in two stages with the interval of four months and therefore it is able to assess durability of findings in time. The thesis is beneficial in terms of qualitative analysis of discovered correspondences and also in developing a theory of abilities tested by the test, especially regarding human figure drawing. Last but not least it is helpful in examining similarities and differences in the ability of children to analyse and synthetize. KEY WORDS: school maturity, drawing, figure, man, writing, points, matrices, verbal thinking, non-verbal thinking, logical operations, infralogic operations, analysis, synthesis
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Literary and psychological specifics of fairy tales as a genre
Šimotová, Eva ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
My Diploma Thesis has a theoretical character. I dealt with fairy tales as a genre. I worked only with the folkloric fairy tales that are different from the modern ones in the way of universality. In the first part I looked for characteristic features of these stories from the literary and psychological point of view. I focused on time and place expression and how the fairy tale deals with the identity of characters and typical phenomenon of the good and the bad. Through these principles children can easily identify with the heroes of stories and therefore they help to solve specific developmental crisis and also to reach individual autonomy and integrity. For me, the theoretical basis was psychoanalysis and thus I followed the fairy tales theory of Bruno Bettelheim. I used this theory in the second part of my thesis as well. The interpretation of four fairy tales: Litte Red Riding-hood (Červená Karkulka), Jack an Jill (Perníková chaloupka), The Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Sněhurka) and Hrnečku, vař! are given. It is about the determination of the main topic and the interpretation of individual motives. Besides the different options how to interpret it I also compared the different versions of these stories. At the end I tried to have a critical view on Bettelheim's approach and also to find...
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School-age children - argumentation in their moral judgment
Kukal, Jiří ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
The thesis is based upon the theoretical foundations of the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. The theoretical part thoroughly introduces Piaget's theories in relation to the works of his follower Lawrence Kohlbeg and later critics. The theme of the thesis is a research of the moral judgment of school-age children, specifically, in relation to Piaget, mapping the transition from the argumentation of responsibilities of objective consequences to the argumentation of responsibilities of subjective intentions. A set of six pairs of moral stories has been used as the means of the research. The stories were told to 53 children and short interviews followed. A part of the stories came from Piaget, the other part consisted of newly-constructed stories featuring a very substantial material loss. The main object of the research was the possible coordination of viewpoints of objective and subjective responsibility in relation to the extreme material loss contained within the stories. The research also focused on the different ratios of answers based on objective and subjective responsibility in connection with the age of the child. Key words: moral development, justice, moral judgment
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Drawing as a criterion of school readiness
Mládková, Šárka ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vyšínová, Pavlína (referee)
This thesis is dedicated to drawing as one of tasks of Jirasek's orientation test of school readiness. It is based on a research, which was executed in pre-school with children ready to enter first level of elementary school. I'm trying to expand Jirasek's view on school- ready children's drawing. In this research, kids were asked to draw a man. After the drawing I executed an interview with each kid focused on a term "man". I analyzed drawings and interviews. Such research helped me to clarify and expand view of rating drawings of preschool kids. It was helpful specially in regard to rating synthetic way of drawing and considering all elements of drawing not only the figure itself. Also I researched a relationship between speech and drawing in general and in regard to a common element of a term "man". I compared the results of rating both mediums and found there is a certain correlation. I found, that verbal expression of a kid can very well correspond with his drawing expression. It can also work as a certain additional factor when a kid cannot express his real level in drawing. It was proven, that drawing itself should not be considered as a sufficient tool for measuring of school readiness. It should be accompanied by the interview with the child. Key words Drawing; figure; man; school...
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Correlation of human figure and tree drawings
Matoušková, Tereza ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kučera, Miloš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the figure drawing test and the tree test from the projective point of view, based on the books written by Zdeněk Altman. I focus on the interconnection between these two kinds of drawings. The thesis contains the basic characteristics of these two methods and discussion about their scientific basis. I describe the process of using the books as manuals for drawing analysis. This thesis also contains results of drawing analysis and characterization of their authors. Fifteen adolescents placed in a children's home participated in research. In conclusion, I address the correlation of both drawings.
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Meanings of the tale Hansel and Gretel: A comparison
Pohlová, Aneta ; Kučera, Miloš (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Meanings of the tale Hansel and Gretel: A comparison" is theoretical work. In the beginning, it focuses on the possible cause of the Hansel and Gretel fairy tale's oral version. The following part compares versions of Italian, French, English, German, Portuguese, Polish and Czech folklore environment. Major variations of the fairy tale can be found depending on the way different versions were presented. All these versions very analysed through the representatives of the psychoanalytic and other interpretations. Each of these individual interpretations are being compared again and a new element in these interpretations is found, which is a feature of the fairy tale Hansel and Gretel. Finally, the female and male reader will be familiar with modern adaptations, which once again confirms the diversity of the classic fairy tale. Keywords: fairy-tales, vision, Hansel and Gretel, psychological interpretations, psychoanalysis and comparison
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The School- and Out-of-School Reading of Pupils of Secondary Schools and Preparatory Schools
Andrlová, Lenka ; Viktorová, Ida (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
The diploma work addresses the topič of reading. By means of the qualitative research it analyzes reading of the pupils of the secondary professional school and secondary extension courses, i.e. young people 15-32 years old. Primarily, it deals with two topics: the process of reading (choice of the book, process of reading itself and subsiding of reading) and the reading evolution. Moreover, using individual interviews, it surveys other subtle aspects of reading and accompanying experience. Finally it characterizes individual readeťs stages according to the age of the child.
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Storytelling and it's graphical accompaniment in pre-school age
Bartošová, Magda ; Viktorová, Ida (advisor) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
The presented dokument describes three ways how children work with a fairy tale. First they listen to the story, then they draw it and finally they are being interviewed. The interview has two phases. At the beginning the focus is on the children's drawings, this is followed by the conversation around the illustrations from the story book. The picture is accompanied by a text. This research should find out how will children deal with these three ways of processing the fairy tale. The paper consists of two parts: theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part is divided into three chapters. The first chapter defines the preschool period in terms of personality development. It focuses on important developmental tasks of that period. The second chapter explores the world of fairy tales. The third chapter aims to introduce the topic of the beginnings of children's communication. The empirical part of the paper describes the research that took part in kindergarten. The aim was to link all three ways how children worked with the fairy tale. Each of these forms has different demand on the child. I am trying to find out and describe possible use of obtained data.
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