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Movements Identification on Aerodrome Ground
Burián, Petr ; Vosecký, Slavomír (referee) ; MBA, Viktor Sotona, (advisor)
The diploma thesis is concerning the A-SMGCS, surveillance technolgies, data fusion technologies and complex system providing identification of mobiles and aircraft on aerodrome ground. Describing architecture of A-SMGCS on Praha-Ruzyne airport and giving information about ANS procedures with A-SMGCS. Including Cost-Benefit analysis about instalation of automatic systems for localization and identification of mobiles and aircraft on aerodrome ground.
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Evolution of the air navigation services in the European open sky concept
Sahrai, Daniel ; Šplíchal, Miroslav (referee) ; Vosecký, Slavomír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with technologies and methods provided by air navigation services. This work aimed to create a cross-section of the history of the development of such technologies and methods and to present new and developed technologies and methods designed for European airspace. The result is an overview that serves as study material for understanding the problems of insufficient airspace capacity and for understanding the directions taken by the EUROCONTROL.
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The role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative CNS disease processes
Červenák, Karol ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Spišská, Veronika (referee)
Inflammatory processes in the CNS are an important element in neuroimmunity. They may be beneficial and have a neuroprotective effect but depending on the extent and duration of their activation they may also have a negative effect on the function of the CNS. Neuroinflammation is characterized by the activation of resident immune cells, microglia and astrocytes, activation of inflammatory signal pathways, recruitment of immune cells from the blood and their penetration through the blood-brain barrier. Chronic neuroinflammation may cause neurodegeneration and is key in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegeneration is irreversible but it can be mitigated. Therapeutic methods aimed at the modulation of neuroinflammation present a promising option for slowing down or stopping neurodegeneration for people with diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, or Huntington's disease. The aim of this thesis is to sum up information about inflammatory processes in the brain and our current knowledge about their role in the pathogenesis of some neurodegenerative diseases. Key words: Inflammation, microglia, neurodegeneration, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, CNS
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Murine cerebral toxocariasis
Bernardová, Nicol ; Chanová, Marta (advisor) ; Panská, Lucie (referee)
Toxocara canis is endoparasitic geohelminth of canids. In its life cycle it uses paratenic host (even humans) and can cause severe problems called cerebral toxocariasis when attacks central nervous system. The exact mechanism of pathogenicity in nervous system is unknown and experimental studies examines rather the acute phase of toxocariasis, therefore we characterized the course of cerebral toxocarosis in mice from acute to chronic phase in this master thesis. We found larvae of the parasite in the brains of mice. The larvae in the tissues occurred both, individually and in clusters. The presence of larvae was observed in regions that affect both movement and memory. We did not find any visible injury nor inflammation surrounding the larvae in the tissue. However, histological examination showed brain tissue pathologies in all mice, namely local necrosis, hemorrhages, thickened vessel walls, cell infiltrates in tissue and around vessels and abnormal angiogenesis. The mice showed neurological symptoms with increasing frequency from the 9th week post infection. Production of specific antibodies was also monitored. The level of antibodies in reinfected mice was higher compared to antibody levels of mice with a single infection. No correlation with the presence of neurological symptoms was shown. Key...
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Characterization of the effect of pregnanolone sulfate and its derivatives on NMDA receptors.
Švehla, Pavel ; Vyklický, Ladislav (advisor) ; Blahoš, Jaroslav (referee)
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a subtype of receptors for major excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the central nervous system. Their activity is regulated by variety of allosteric modulators, including endogenous neurosteroids and their synthetic analogues. NMDAreceptor dysfunction is implicated in various forms of neurodegeneration and inhibitory neurosteroids have unique therapeutic potential to act as neuroprotective agens. The aim of this work is to investigate relationship between structure and function of neurosteroids with modifications in the D-ring region, using whole-cell patch clamp recording at recombinant GluN1/GluN2B receptors. In this work, we characterised inhibition effect of 19 neurosteroid analogues on NMDA receptor activity and found several of them to be potent NMDA receptor inhibitors. According to our results, there is a linear relationship of IC50 and lipophilicity of a neurosteroid compound, suggesting the plasma membrane plays an important role in neurosteroid access to NMDA receptor. Indeed, using capacitance recording configuration in combination with amphipathic molecule gamma-cyclodextrin, we were able to separate the kinetic of neurosteroid membrane binding from receptor binding. Moreover, these experiments showed that neurosteroid accumulation in the...
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Magnetic resonance imaging of central nervous system lymphoma.
Koubská, Eva ; Malíková, Hana (advisor) ; Kalvach, Pavel (referee) ; Druga, Rastislav (referee)
Background: The aim of this study was to describe the morphological signs of the central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We compared morphological characteristics of primary CNSL (PCNSL) and secondary CNSL (SCNSL) and also of PCNSL and glioblastoma (GBM). Methods: We included 64 patients with PCNSL (ten of them were immunocompromised), 21 patients with SCNSL and 54 patients with GBM. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically in all patients. We evaluated morphological signs on the first MRI examination. Additionally, in patients with PCNSL, we evaluated the development of the disease on follow-up examination before histological confirmation of the diagnosis, if available. Results: In most patients with PCNSL (62.5%) the tumor was localized supratentorially and presented as multiple lesions (53.1%) or as a diffuse infiltrative lesion (23.4%). In 87.5% of the patients the lesions reached the brain surface. Infiltration of ependyma was seen in 56.3%, infiltration of meninges in 39.1% and infiltration of cranial nerves in 48.5% of patients. Restriction of diffusion in some part of the tumor was apparent in nearly all patients (97.6%) with PCNSL. After administration of contrast media, marked enhancement was usually seen. In immunocompetent patients, homogenous...
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The effect of the canonical Wnt singalling pathway on the differentiation of polydendrocytes after ischemic brain injury
Knotek, Tomáš ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Romanyuk, Natalyia (referee)
Polydendrocytes, or NG2 glia, are fourth type of glial cells in mammal central nervous system. In the adult brain, NG2 glia represent important cell type with respect to their role in gliogenesis and nervous tissue regeneration following injury. Ligands from the Wingless/Int (Wnt) family play key role in proliferation and differentiation of NG2 glia and they can also influence regeneration of nervous tissue after ischemia. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the role of NG2 glia in neurogenesis and gliogenesis following ischemic brain injury and investigate the impact of Wnt signalling on the reaction of NG2 glia to this type of injury. To fulfil these aims, transgenic mouse strains with tamoxifen-inducible recombination, that enabled simultaneous expression of red fluorescent dye and either activation or inhibition of the Wnt signalling pathway in NG2 glia, were employed. To induce ischemic injury, middle cerebral artery occlusion model was used. Changes in differentiation and electrophysiological properties of NG2 glia were analysed using patch-clamp technique. Activation of the Wnt signalling pathway under physiological conditions and 7 days after ischemic injury led to increased differentiation of NG2 glia toward astrocytes, while 3 days after ischemic injury activation of this signalling...
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Movement preparatory in preschool children
Sodomová, Federica ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Kaplan, Aleš (referee)
Title: Movement preparatory of preschool children Objectives: The main goal of this work is the physical activity of preschool children and the acquisition of basic movement skills based on movement experience. Partial goals are analyzing the determinants of movement, defining principles of movement within programs, organizing a space for intervention, and developing a program where consistent practice occurs, movement deficits in pre-school children can be improved. Methods: Based on a literature research, an intervention is proposed to reduce the movement deficit in preschool children. The search was divided into two parts. First part consists of analysis of the determinants of motion. Second part of the work is a synthesis of acquired knowledge. Based on my own judgment and practice in the field, keywords were chosen (movement, development, development, preschooler, child, motor skills, fitness, health, lifestyle, abilities, skills, bones, joints, CNS). The keywords were then used to search for relevant studies in the PubMed research database. The strategy of growing pearls and trimming served to narrow down the selection of studies found. Keywords: development, preschooler, motor skills, literacy, fitness, health, healthy lifestyle, abilities, skills, bones, joints, CNS Results: The results of...
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