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Cloning, expression and biochemical characterisation of mouse glutamate carboxypeptidase II.
Knedlík, Tomáš ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Vaněk, Ondřej (referee)
English Abstract Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a membrane metallopeptidase expressed in many human tissues, predominantly in prostate, brain and small intestine. In brain it cleaves the most abundant peptide neurotransmitter N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-α-L-glutamate into N-acetyl-L-aspartate and free L-glutamate. Thus, GCPII participates in glutamate excitotoxicity through the release of free glutamate into the synaptic cleft. Inhibition of this activity has been shown to be neuroprotective in rats. In the human jejunal brush border, GCPII cleaves off terminal glutamate moieties from poly-γ-glutamylated folates, which can be then transported across the intestinal mucosa. The function of GCPII in human prostate is unknown but it is overexpressed in prostate cancer. Therefore, GCPII is an important marker of prostate cancer and its progression.Moreover, it could become a perspective target for treatment of prostate cancer as well as neuronal disorders associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. For the development and testing of novel drugs and therapeutics it is necessary to have an appropriate animal model. Mouse (Mus musculus) is such a model and it is widely used by many experimentators. However, no detailed comparison of mouse and human GCPII orthologs regarding their enzymatic activity, inhibition...
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Monitoring of the development of the Huntington's disease in transgenic minipigs with N-terminal part of human mutated huntingtin: biochemical and motoric changes of F0, F1 and F2 generation
Kučerová, Šárka ; Ellederová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Klempíř, Jiří (referee)
Huntington's disease (HD) belongs to neurodegenerative disorders. It is a monogenic disease caused by trinucleotic CAG expansion in exon 1 of gene coding protein huntingtin. Even though the cause of HD is known since 1993, the pathophysiology and cure for HD reminds to be found. The animal models are being used for better understanding of HD. The most common animal models for HD are rodents, especially mice but it was also important to create large animal models, which will be more like human. Therefore, TgHD minipig was created in Academic of Science in Liběchov in 2009. This model was created by microinjection of lentiviral vector carrying N-terminal part of human HTT with 124 repetitive CAG in exon 1. This model is viable and in every generation, is part of the offspring transgenic. In this thesis, I specialized to biochemical and behavioral changes of this model. I compared transgenic and wild type siblings. I found that biochemical changes are manifested mostly by increased level of mtHtt fragments in testes and brain. In behavioral part of this thesis I established new methods for testing behavioral changes in this model. The introduced methods showed some changes between wild type and transgenic animals at the tested ages but these changes were not significant due to the low number of...
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Transcriptomic analysis of cutaneous inflammatory biomarkers in a mouse model of small fiber neuropathy
Benčová, Simona ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Smutný, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Simona Benčová Supervisors: Dr. Claire Demiot, Dr. Aurore Danigo Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D Title of diploma thesis: Transcriptomic analysis of cutaneous inflammatory biomarkers in a mouse model of small fiber neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is an expanding public health problem conditioned by various diseases and associated with several adverse effects such as the occurrence of chronic pain or increased risk of pressure ulcers (PUs). The aim of this study is to explore, whether the inflammatory state of the skin is modified during peripheral neuropathy and in the course of the formation of a pressure ulcer. The transcriptomic analysis was performed with two different models of mice: PU model and uninjured model, to determine genes that differ in expression and in particular, those involved in inflammation. Small fiber neuropathy was induced in young mice by intraperitoneal injection of resiniferatoxin (50 µg/kg, i.p.) - transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist. PUs were induced by applying two magnetic plates on the dorsal skin. Gene expression was obtained based on RNA microarray and the results were subsequently verified by qPCR. The transcriptomic analysis of PU...
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Structural changes in model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rat
Slotta, Michal ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Riljak, Vladimír (referee)
Title: Structural changes in model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rat Objectives: The aim of the research is to develop a model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in a rat that would represent perinatal injury in a human and then histologically differentiate the most commonly damaged cerebral structures. Methods: This is an experimental study. Five laboratory rats underwent hypoxic-ischemic conditions causing encephalopathy according to the Rice-Vannucci model. The control group representing the other five rats underwent hypoxia for 1.5 hours. Subsequently, the animals were returned to their mother. 48 hours later, cerebral perfusion, paraffinisation, slicing the brain into sections and followed by applying these sections onto slides. Sections to represent morphological changes and degeneration of neurons were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Fluoro Jade B and immunohistochemically. The sections were then observed and evaluated under a light microscope. Results: Following the onset of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in 7-day-old rat pups, damage to the investigated structures was observed in two animals. Other animals in the experimental group exhibited only minor morphological changes in neurons observable in H&E staining. Brains of the control group were intact. Keywords: necrosis,...
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Transcriptomic analysis of cutaneous inflammatory biomarkers in a mouse model of small fiber neuropathy
Benčová, Simona ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Smutný, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Simona Benčová Supervisors: Dr. Claire Demiot, Dr. Aurore Danigo Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D Title of diploma thesis: Transcriptomic analysis of cutaneous inflammatory biomarkers in a mouse model of small fiber neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is an expanding public health problem conditioned by various diseases and associated with several adverse effects such as the occurrence of chronic pain or increased risk of pressure ulcers (PUs). The aim of this study is to explore, whether the inflammatory state of the skin is modified during peripheral neuropathy and in the course of the formation of a pressure ulcer. The transcriptomic analysis was performed with two different models of mice: PU model and uninjured model, to determine genes that differ in expression and in particular, those involved in inflammation. Small fiber neuropathy was induced in young mice by intraperitoneal injection of resiniferatoxin (50 µg/kg, i.p.) - transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist. PUs were induced by applying two magnetic plates on the dorsal skin. Gene expression was obtained based on RNA microarray and the results were subsequently verified by qPCR. The transcriptomic analysis of PU...
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Monitoring of the development of the Huntington's disease in transgenic minipigs with N-terminal part of human mutated huntingtin: biochemical and motoric changes of F0, F1 and F2 generation
Kučerová, Šárka ; Ellederová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Klempíř, Jiří (referee)
Huntington's disease (HD) belongs to neurodegenerative disorders. It is a monogenic disease caused by trinucleotic CAG expansion in exon 1 of gene coding protein huntingtin. Even though the cause of HD is known since 1993, the pathophysiology and cure for HD reminds to be found. The animal models are being used for better understanding of HD. The most common animal models for HD are rodents, especially mice but it was also important to create large animal models, which will be more like human. Therefore, TgHD minipig was created in Academic of Science in Liběchov in 2009. This model was created by microinjection of lentiviral vector carrying N-terminal part of human HTT with 124 repetitive CAG in exon 1. This model is viable and in every generation, is part of the offspring transgenic. In this thesis, I specialized to biochemical and behavioral changes of this model. I compared transgenic and wild type siblings. I found that biochemical changes are manifested mostly by increased level of mtHtt fragments in testes and brain. In behavioral part of this thesis I established new methods for testing behavioral changes in this model. The introduced methods showed some changes between wild type and transgenic animals at the tested ages but these changes were not significant due to the low number of...
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Changes in beta-catenin expression during ontogenesis in the transgenic minipigs for human mutant huntingtin
Žižková, Martina ; Motlík, Jan (advisor) ; Jarkovská, Karla (referee)
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an unstable expansion of the CAG repeat sequence within the huntingtin gene. Huntingtin associates with ubiquitin-proteasome system that ensures degradation of particular proteins including β-catenin which is an important molecule whose equilibrated degradation is necessary for the proper functioning of the Wnt signaling pathway. The binding of β-catenin to the destruction complex is altered in HD, leading to the toxic stabilization of β-catenin. The main goal of my thesis was to determine whether the accumulation of β-catenin due to the presence of mutant huntingtin is also characteristic of Liběchov minipigs, a large animal model of Huntington's disease stably expressing N-truncated human mutant huntingtin. Using immunoblot and specific antibodies, we have revealed age-dependent accumulation of mutant huntingtin in transgenic minipigs. Unlike endogenous huntingtin, no decrease of the level of mutant huntingtin was observed in the striatum of transgenic animals. Surprisingly, this was followed by a decrease of phosphorylated β-catenin. Nevertheless, our results demostrate the accumulation of β-catenin in mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the oldest boars during ontogenesis. Furthermore, we have revealed a...
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Biomedical models of Huntington disease
Žižková, Martina ; Motlík, Jan (advisor) ; Moravec, Jan (referee)
Huntington's diease is a dominant inherited neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by an expansion of a CAG repeats within a huntingtin gene. Mutant protein causes a neuron degeneration in a brain of HD pacients which leads to a motor abnormalities and personality decay. This disease is very malign because of its late onset. An equal therapy does not exist yet, but a lot of research teams focus on designig a suitable medical treatment. It is necessary to create animal models of Huntington disease which can be used for testing the therapies. In my work I aim to summarize the animal models of HD which are used in research. A rodent model is the most common due to its low price and easy breeding. However, more important are human related large animals like sheep, pigs or non-human primates. The principal criterion of animal model is its method of creation. We can divide the models into two categories, genetic and non-genetic. The memebers of the first one are able to reproduce better expression of human Huntington disease. Generation of animal models of HD leads to better comprehension the principles of HD, and developing an equal therapy for HD pacients.
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Cloning, expression and biochemical characterisation of mouse glutamate carboxypeptidase II.
Knedlík, Tomáš ; Vaněk, Ondřej (referee) ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor)
English Abstract Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a membrane metallopeptidase expressed in many human tissues, predominantly in prostate, brain and small intestine. In brain it cleaves the most abundant peptide neurotransmitter N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-α-L-glutamate into N-acetyl-L-aspartate and free L-glutamate. Thus, GCPII participates in glutamate excitotoxicity through the release of free glutamate into the synaptic cleft. Inhibition of this activity has been shown to be neuroprotective in rats. In the human jejunal brush border, GCPII cleaves off terminal glutamate moieties from poly-γ-glutamylated folates, which can be then transported across the intestinal mucosa. The function of GCPII in human prostate is unknown but it is overexpressed in prostate cancer. Therefore, GCPII is an important marker of prostate cancer and its progression.Moreover, it could become a perspective target for treatment of prostate cancer as well as neuronal disorders associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. For the development and testing of novel drugs and therapeutics it is necessary to have an appropriate animal model. Mouse (Mus musculus) is such a model and it is widely used by many experimentators. However, no detailed comparison of mouse and human GCPII orthologs regarding their enzymatic activity, inhibition...
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