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Biofilm formation in probiotic cultures and its application in pharmacy
Ryšávka, Petr ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Vorlová, Lenka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The work was comprehensively focused on the development of adhesive forms of probiotics in the form of a biofilm on combined carriers with a prebiotic component. The second part dealed with the influence of food on the multiplication and survival of selected types of probiotic bacteria. Subsequently, the effect of individualized probiotic supplements on changes in the human intestinal microbiome was monitored. Suitable adherent probiotic strains for biofilm formation were selected and tested. Methods have been introduced and different variants of carriers for culturing and binding bacteria have been tested. In vitro experiments verified the stability of biofilm stucture and its resistance to low pH, bile and antibiotics in comparison with the planktonic cell form. The antimicrobial effect of probiotic strains in the form of a biofilm was studied. The cultivation of the multispecies biofilm on the combined carrier was optimized and the stability of the biofilm and the final viability of probiotic bacteria were confirmed. Furthermore, the influence of various foods and beverages on the viability of probiotic bacteria was evaluated with emphasis on the simulation of passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Both models, solutions with standardised concentrations of alcohol, sugar, salts, proteins or different pH and different types of real foods and beverages were tested. The effect of food and beverages was tested on monocultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve and on probiotic capsules containing a mixed culture of probiotic microorganisms. The survival of probiotics in various food matrices in the simulated gastrointestinal tract was quantitatively different. We managed to define foods suitable for supporting the multiplication of probiotic bacteria. A separate part of the work was focused on the targeted modulation of the intestinal microbiome by individualized probiotics that were prepared on the basis of molecular biological analyzes of the intestinal microbiome aimed at detecting the percentage of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Personalized probiotic supplementation confirmed the positive effect of this approach on microbiome changes, especially on the increase of the content of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and the overall diversity of the microbiome.
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Biodostupnost vitamínu C z různých zdrojů
Gabrhelová, Lucie
Vitamin C is classified as a hydrophilic vitamin and performs several functions in the human body. It is necessary to obtain it from food, because people have lost the ability to create it due to evolution. Fruits and vegetables are the most important food sources. It is a relatively unstable vitamin and its losses can occur during food processing. Therefore, there are gentler methods of adjustment by which it is possible to limit the given losses. In order to increase stability and thus bioavailability, other methods are also used, most often different types of encapsulation. In addition to food, vitamin C can also be obtained from dietary supplements. These are available on the market in several forms, which differ not only in price or appearance, but above all in the bioavailability of vitamin C itself. The most effective form is liposomal vitamin C, which is in this form able to ensure high bioavailability of vitamin C.
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Mineral and vitamin deficiencies in the elderly and their supplementatin
Nesnidalova, Andrea ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Bárta, Michal (referee)
Seniors often buy inappropriate combinations of dietary supplements based on advertising or peer recommendations, but often to a lesser extent on the recommendation of a professional. It is important for seniors to pay attention to the quality and variety of their diet in order to maintain good health. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part, the first chapter describes the individual vitamins and minerals. The next chapters deal not only with their deficiency and need in the elderly population but also with their correct consumption with regard to further pharmacotherapy. In particular, a chapter dealing with the reasons leading to insufficient food intake in the elderly is described. For the practical part, three main objectives have been set. The research was conducted by questionnaire survey to which a total of 67 respondents aged 65-90 years answered. The first objective was to find out what dietary habits seniors have in their home environment and what vitamins and minerals they are deficient in. A sub-objective of this question was to determine whether current supplementation is justified in this population given the results of the questionnaire survey. The second objective builds on dietary diversity and explores the principles of good...
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Levels of vitamin D in relation to respiratory diseases up to 19 years of age
KRAUS, Petr
Introduction: The positive effects of vitamin D on the human body are frequently discussed and investigated by numerous studies, both foreign and domestic, and its serum levels are closely monitored in relation to diseases. Vitamin D has positive effects on the immune system, influences intestinal calcium transport, is important for proper mental and physical development and growth of children, even during pregnancy, and helps prevent lung diseases. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between blood vitamin D levels and respiratory diseases in children. Methodology: Serum vitamin D levels and their relationship to respiratory diseases were also monitored in relation to gender and season (summer and winter). Sample: Blood samples were collected from 127 respondents aged 2 months to 18 years, including both healthy and sick individuals, for vitamin D levels. Data collection and processing for healthy children were approved by their parents (Appendix 1). Blood samples were collected over a period of two years at a healthcare facility in the South Bohemian region. The results were evaluated in two borderline groups, at 50 and 75 nmol/L. Furthermore, the vitamin D content of 10 diets of these children was processed and evaluated. The resulting values of vitamin D levels also included studied diets. Results: The results did not confirm the expected relationship between vitamin D levels and respiratory tract diseases in children in either borderline group at 50 and 75 nmol/L. However, partial effects on the respiratory tract were confirmed. Discussion: The author attempts to explain why the hypothesis was not clearly confirmed.
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Preventivní opatření ke snižování prevalence anémie v důsledku nedostatečné výživy - porovnání strategií Egypta a Afghánistánu
Coufalová, Andrea
Coufalová, A., Preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of anemia due to insufficient nutrition – a comparison of Egypt and Afghanistan strategies. Diploma thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno. Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, 2022. The thesis is based on a comparison of strategies to reduce the prevalence of anemia due to insufficient nutrition in two developing countries where the occurrence of anemia is a significant problem. Nutritional anemia currently represents a major problem of food security, which is caused primarily by the intake of food insufficient to cover the daily need for vitamins and minerals. More specifically, it was Egypt and Afghanistan, with each country trying to reduce the incidence of nutritional anemia in a different way. The comparison of the strategies of the two selected countries was based on the results of data available on the official websites of both individual countries and international institutions. The economic level was also compared to the possibility of comparing strategies and justifying causal ones. The strategy to reduce the prevalence of anemia in Egypt was found to be more successful than the strategy implemented in Afghanistan. The reason for these results was the different socio-economic level of the two countries, the political situation and other investigated factors that have an incalculable impact on nutrition. Fortification of basic food, which is a suitable tool to reduce nutritional anemia in the lower strata of the population and was successful in Egypt, cannot be implemented in developing countries in which a strong role of the state apparatus to promote long-term strategic goals does not work.
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A systematic overview of the recommended amount of protein in elite sports and its reflection in the vegan diet
Vondrysová, Kristýna ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Coufalová, Klára (referee)
Title: A systematic overview of the recommended amount of protein in elite sports and its reflection in the vegan diet Goals: The aim of this work will be to identify whether there are vegan elite athletes who have participated in national / international competitions in sports such as weightlifting, strongman, powerlifting and placed third. Compare the individual recommendations for the volume of protein in the diet based on the vegan diet, and in this sense compare recommendations for the use of the vegan diet in elite sports. Method: This work is processed in the form of an overview study. The search for analysis was selected using the keywords: vegan elite athletes, vegan nutrition, elite sports nutrition, protein nutrition, strength sports. A total of 1077 studies formed the basis for the narrower selection of a total of 12 suitable studies for mutual comparison. The basic method is meta- analysis. Results: The average recommended values for protein intake are 1.8 ± 0.3 g / kg body weight. A total of 66% of the 12 analyzed studies agreed with the statement that vegan nutrition offers opportunities for the full representation of the protein component in the diet and thus creates the necessary prerequisites for achieving high sports performance. However, careful comprehensive diet design is...
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Effects of single beta-alanine dose on performance at submaximal load
Šimsa, Jáchym ; Sýkora, Karel (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Effects of single beta-alanine dose on performance at submaximal load Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of single beta-alanine dose on blood-lactate level in capilary blood and whether it will affect the speed of passing the test. Methods: A double-blinded cross-over study conducted on 16 male students of Military Department at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Charles University (mean ± SD: weight 79,31 ± 6,97 kg; height 181,56 ± 6,36 cm; age 21,63 ± 1,45 yrs). The study was performed in Military Sport Centre Pilotů 217/12, 161 00, Prague. Each volunteer underwent two performance tests after consuming either placebo (maltodextrine) or beta-alanine (50 mg/kg). Time needed to complete the test and blood-lactate concentration before and during 5th and 10th minute after completion was measured. Volunteers also filled a short questionnarie regarding subjectively percieved load and side effects, and whether they were administered beta-alanine (BA) or placebo (PLA). For verification of normal distribution were used Q-Q Plots and statistical significance of BA use was determined using student's t-test. Results: Measured lactate concentrations were (mean ± SD; mmol/l) for BA in min 0 = 1,29 ± 0,37; min 5 = 11,48 ± 1,45; min 10 = 10,64 ± 1,76; PLA in min 0...
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Optimal conditions of caffeine use and its effect on sports performance
Šťastný, Daniel ; Pavelka, Radim (advisor) ; Petr, Miroslav (referee)
Title: Optimal conditions of caffeine use and its effect on sports performance Objectives: Based on current scientific knowledge, summarize the effect of caffeine on various aspects of sports performance, and also to determine the optimal conditions for the use of this substance to maximize the ergogenic effect. Methods: Systematic literary research Results: The ideal dose of caffeine to improve athletic performance is in the range of 3- 6 mg/kg, and most preferably in the form of tablets 60 minutes before exercise. This substance has been shown to improve aerobic endurance performance, sprint speed and cognitive function such as accuracy and attention in athletes. Caffeine in trained individuals may also improve anaerobic endurance, maximum and endurance strength, simple reaction time and other cognitive functions, but further studies are needed. . Keywords: sport, supplementation, aspects of performance, conditions of use, stimulation, alkaloids
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Biofilm formation in probiotic cultures and its application in pharmacy
Ryšávka, Petr ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Vorlová, Lenka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The work was comprehensively focused on the development of adhesive forms of probiotics in the form of a biofilm on combined carriers with a prebiotic component. The second part dealed with the influence of food on the multiplication and survival of selected types of probiotic bacteria. Subsequently, the effect of individualized probiotic supplements on changes in the human intestinal microbiome was monitored. Suitable adherent probiotic strains for biofilm formation were selected and tested. Methods have been introduced and different variants of carriers for culturing and binding bacteria have been tested. In vitro experiments verified the stability of biofilm stucture and its resistance to low pH, bile and antibiotics in comparison with the planktonic cell form. The antimicrobial effect of probiotic strains in the form of a biofilm was studied. The cultivation of the multispecies biofilm on the combined carrier was optimized and the stability of the biofilm and the final viability of probiotic bacteria were confirmed. Furthermore, the influence of various foods and beverages on the viability of probiotic bacteria was evaluated with emphasis on the simulation of passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Both models, solutions with standardised concentrations of alcohol, sugar, salts, proteins or different pH and different types of real foods and beverages were tested. The effect of food and beverages was tested on monocultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve and on probiotic capsules containing a mixed culture of probiotic microorganisms. The survival of probiotics in various food matrices in the simulated gastrointestinal tract was quantitatively different. We managed to define foods suitable for supporting the multiplication of probiotic bacteria. A separate part of the work was focused on the targeted modulation of the intestinal microbiome by individualized probiotics that were prepared on the basis of molecular biological analyzes of the intestinal microbiome aimed at detecting the percentage of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Personalized probiotic supplementation confirmed the positive effect of this approach on microbiome changes, especially on the increase of the content of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and the overall diversity of the microbiome.
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A systematic overview of the recommended amount of protein in elite sports and its reflection in the vegan diet
Vondrysová, Kristýna ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Coufalová, Klára (referee)
Title: A systematic overview of the recommended amount of protein in elite sports and its reflection in the vegan diet Goals: The aim of this work will be to identify whether there are vegan elite athletes who have participated in national / international competitions in sports such as weightlifting, strongman, powerlifting and placed third. Compare the individual recommendations for the volume of protein in the diet based on the vegan diet, and in this sense compare recommendations for the use of the vegan diet in elite sports. Method: This work is processed in the form of an overview study. The search for analysis was selected using the keywords: vegan elite athletes, vegan nutrition, elite sports nutrition, protein nutrition, strength sports. A total of 1077 studies formed the basis for the narrower selection of a total of 12 suitable studies for mutual comparison. The basic method is meta- analysis. Results: The average recommended values for protein intake are 1.8 ± 0.3 g / kg body weight. A total of 66% of the 12 analyzed studies agreed with the statement that vegan nutrition offers opportunities for the full representation of the protein component in the diet and thus creates the necessary prerequisites for achieving high sports performance. However, careful comprehensive diet design is...
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