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Berlin's Positive Freedom in T. H. Green's Thought
Hulvertová, Anna ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na dva politické filozofy, kteří významným způsobem rozvinuli koncept pozitivní svobody. Isaiah Berlin je asi nejznámějším autorem rozdělujícím svobodu na pozitivní a negativní. T. H. Green, i když v dnešní době, a hlavně českém prostředí tolik známý není, byl ve své době považován za transformátora celého liberálního směru a myšlení o svobodě právě díky interpretaci pozitivní svobody. V této práci se proto snažím zjistit, zda pozitivní svoboda definovaná I. Berlinem odpovídá tomu, jak o ni ve svých dílech hovořil T. H. Green. Pozitivní svoboda je velice významný koncept v politické filozofii, stejně tak mají svůj zásadní význam oba autoři. Jejich komparace proto přináší na koncept pozitivní svobody nový pohled. Detailnější analýza jednotlivých autorů a následná komparace jejich myšlení o pozitivní svobodě ukazuje na výrazné odlišnosti mezi jejich pojetím pozitivní svobody, a tím pádem i na existenci možnosti odlišného uchopení tohoto pojmu, než je pouze obecně nejvíce známá Berlinova definice.
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The Influence of Western Thinkers on Sun Yat-Sen, His Political Philosophy and Practice
Mališ, Jan ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this paper is to highlight the influences of major Western thinkers on Sun Yat-sen, which authors have had how much of an influence, and how different influences from different authors interact. The thesis begins immediately after the introduction, with a brief summary of Sun Yat-sen's life, emphasizing the possible influences from any angle. The work then moves on to the main part, which are the influences themselves, divided into two parts. The first are the broader influences, that is, the influences of authors, stimuli, or environments that did not have as much of an influence as the four main authors, but are still worthy of a subsection in the thesis alone. These chapters analyze Mill, Rousseau, Lincoln, and then the influence of Japan and British-influenced territories. The second part then deals with the main authors, which are Montesquieu,George, Kropotkin and Marx. The thesis then concludes with a summary of the main findings, a short recapitulation of the thesis and overall concluding thoughts on the thesis.
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Polis between Plato's and Aristotle's philosofy
Nikl, Lukáš ; Milko, Pavel (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
In my work I tried to expain the determinations and methods of the main filosophical thoughts of Plato and Aristotle. Both of them lived in hard times of ancient Greece, in different crisis of polis, and that had signifiantly influenced their thinking, their lives, their work. Although the times has changed, between their appearance and the methods of thinking also. Of course we can find a mythical core in both philosophies, but the diference between Platoʼs round embrace of universe with using the combination of methods of thinking of those times on the one side, and the Aristotleʼs scientific methods based in his specific methaphysics, is significant for the changes, which appeared. Both of them tries to reform the political, social, and onthological thinking. But each of them are trying to change different one. Plato the thinking in the centre of polis suffering under the crisis of elites, and Aristotle the polis during the Makedonian invasion. Of course we can not use their models of thinking in contempomparary philosophy as such, but we can find various contemporary themes in which the knowledge of their thinking would be useful.
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Inverted Totalitarianism
Petr, Ondřej ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
This Master's thesis reflects the theory of American political philosopher S. Wolin. The work introduces the reader to interpretations of S. Wolin's term inverted totalitarianism and confronts it with the common and mainstream approaches to totalitarianism. It is concerned about S. Wolin's reflection on contemporary western liberal democracy as managed democracy. The text pays attention to work of G. Agamben who takes a similar critique on the form of Euro-Atlantic democracy; for instance the thesis deals with his view of state of exception in which the author sees connections on inverted totalitarianism. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Problem of Philosophy in Arabic Medieval Thinking
Šenk Kopecká, Pavlína ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Semrádová, Ilona (referee) ; Kalábová, Helena (referee)
Medieval philosophy in the Arabic world has sought to harmonize the Greek philosophic tradition with the Islamic religion. Many rulers, scholars and theologians were against this intellectual approach and defend the Islam from the philosophers. The position of philosophy and its followers in the Arabic realm was therefore uneasy. Many scholars had to hide their opinions between the lines and avoid to doing philosophy publicly. Alongside the unfriendly environment, the position of philosophy in the Arabic society was also determined by common notion of scholars, that the revealing of the philosophical thoughts can be harmful for uneducated citizen, as well as influenced by mysticism. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the main philosophical approaches responding to the problematic position of philosophy in the Arabic world. Crucial will be the philosophy of solitary by Ibn Bajja, where the author seeks to bond tight the philosopher's life with the city and thus present a new role of philosopher in the Arabic society. Keywords Ibn Bajja, Rule of the Solitary, Al-Farabi, Political Regime, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Plato, The Republic, political philosophy, mysticism, ethics, philosopher, virtue, city, weeds, knowledge, governance, happiness
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Ibn Bājja: The Governance of the Solitary
Kohout, Ondřej ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Válová, Dita (referee)
The focus of the thesis is an explanation of specifics of Ibn Bâjja's political philosophy as it is presented in his most famous writing The Governance of the Solitary (Tadbír al-mutawahhid). The thesis should introduce how is Ibn Bâjja's thinking based on work of ancient authors and what are its foundations. This is the reason why it will be necessary to look into al-Fārābī and his political philosophy, however, it will be also important to see how much is Ibn Bâjja's work influenced by thinking of Plato's and Aristotle's politically oriented writings. Despite the historical aspect of the thesis, it will be crucial to show possible parallels to contemporary political thinking and the status of philosopher/intellectual in society. A part of the thesis is also Czech translation of the first chapter of The Governance of the Solitary focusing on two fundamental concepts of Ibn Bâjja's philosophy - "governance" and "solitary".
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Polis between Plato's and Aristotle's philosofy
Nikl, Lukáš ; Milko, Pavel (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
In my work I tried to expain the determinations and methods of the main filosophical thoughts of Plato and Aristotle. Both of them lived in hard times of ancient Greece, in different crisis of polis, and that had signifiantly influenced their thinking, their lives, their work. Although the times has changed, between their appearance and the methods of thinking also. Of course we can find a mythical core in both philosophies, but the diference between Platoʼs round embrace of universe with using the combination of methods of thinking of those times on the one side, and the Aristotleʼs scientific methods based in his specific methaphysics, is significant for the changes, which appeared. Both of them tries to reform the political, social, and onthological thinking. But each of them are trying to change different one. Plato the thinking in the centre of polis suffering under the crisis of elites, and Aristotle the polis during the Makedonian invasion. Of course we can not use their models of thinking in contempomparary philosophy as such, but we can find various contemporary themes in which the knowledge of their thinking would be useful.
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Inverted Totalitarianism
Petr, Ondřej ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
This Master's thesis reflects the theory of American political philosopher S. Wolin. The work introduces the reader to interpretations of S. Wolin's term inverted totalitarianism and confronts it with the common and mainstream approaches to totalitarianism. It is concerned about S. Wolin's reflection on contemporary western liberal democracy as managed democracy. The text pays attention to work of G. Agamben who takes a similar critique on the form of Euro-Atlantic democracy; for instance the thesis deals with his view of state of exception in which the author sees connections on inverted totalitarianism. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Spinoza's concept of democracy
Brzkovská, Eliška ; Kučera, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This thesis deals with the concept of democracy in the works of the Dutch philosopher Benedict Spinoza, specifically in his Theologico-Political Treatise and Political Treatise. Spinoza's contribution to the modern political thought is based on the fact that he is one of the first political thinkers claiming that democracy is the best possible form of government. In this thesis, Spinoza's conception of democracy is presented within the context of the period in which his works were written, the events that could have contributed to the forming of his view, and other philosophers whose works influenced his works, directly or indirectly. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the basic elements of Spinoza's philosophy, which forms a coherent systém in which his political philosophy is related to his metaphysical insights. The main part of this paper consists of interpretation of Spinoza's thoughts on democracy in the Theologico-Political Treatise and unfinished Political Treatise. The aim of this thesis is to clarify how Spinoza understands the concept of democracy and the importance of democracy in the context of his works. This thesis also focuses on reasons that led Spinoza to consider democracy the best form of government, and the arguments used to advocate this claim.
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Vzestup náboženství v mezinárodních vztazích (Religion's Rise in IR)
Dravecký, Pavol ; Kratochvíl, Petr (advisor) ; Minárik, Pavol (referee)
This work attempts to identify the sources of the difference between the Christian Left and Right; How is it possible that people who share such a detailed creed can be so strictly opposed when it comes to politics? My hypothesis is that the conflict is engendered by different conceptions of will and the body. To test this hypothesis, I first present a brief history of the relationship between Christianity and politics up to the present state of the Christian versions of Right and Left, to finally find that while their understanding of human will is virtually identical, the human body is seen in opposing terms. Nevertheless, I equally conclude that the division between Right and Left is inaccurate, because both strive for the same - to prevent the monopolization of power by either the State or the Market.
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